品味改版后的《电器》杂志

作为《电器》的忠实读者，我关注着杂志的每一点变化。自2004年8月起．杂志进行了一次改版，在我看来，这次改版是相当成功的。从封面设计、版面安排、文章构成、专栏设置等方面来看，杂志更多了期与期，文章与文章之间的连贯和呼应，脉络清晰、张弛有度、整体感强。不难体会．在这个追求个性化的时代，《电器》杂志也在努力塑造着自己的“个性”。

百万扩招背景下基于SPOC的混合教学模式的探索——以《电器控制与PLC技术》为例

教育部《高职扩招专项工作实施方案》的发布,标志着高职院校扩招100万进入实施阶段。高职院校机遇与挑战并存,本文针对城市轨道交通车辆专业百万扩招学生在《电器控制与PLC技术》课程教学中遇到的问题,积极探索基于SPOC的混合式课程教学模式。通过该种课程模式的探索于研究提高百万扩招学生的学习积极性,为我国培育出更多高技能高水平符合社会发展所需要的实践性应用型人才作出共享。

刍议《电器与PLC控制技术》课程中一体化教学策略的应用

理论实践一体化教学模式是一种非常符合职业教育特色和办学目标的教学模式,它既充分调动了学生的主体性和积极性,又有力强化了教师的指导性地位,实现了理论教学和实践教学的有机结合。在本文中,笔者以《电器与PLC控制技术》课程为例,分析并探讨了理论实践一体化教学模式的应用策略。

《电器与可编程控制器应用技术》(第2版)简介

由我校自动化学院邓则名副教授、程良伦副教授和邝穗芳讲师编著的普通高等校教育机电类规划教材——《电器与可编程控制器应用技术》(第2版),已由机械工业出版社于2002年3月出版发行.该书自1997年3月出版发行以来已得到社会广泛认可。

浅谈项目教学法在《电器及PLC控制技术》课程中的应用

在教学实践中,教学方法直接影响教学效果。“项目教学法”作为指导教学活动开展的一种方法,各个环节之间相辅相承,本文通过一个实际项目介绍六步行动导向教学法在《PLC 应用技术》课程教学中的具体应用。

《电器及PLC控制》课程理实一体化教学模式的实践研究

理实一体化教学法即理论实践一体化教学法,以《电器及PLC控制》课程为探索研究对象,阐述了对理实一体化教学法的认识,并结合本课程对理实一体化教学模式实施的方法、过程步骤及考核评价等进行了一些实践与探索。

《电器检修与试验实习》课一体化教学研究

从教材选用、一体化教室建设、教学方法的实施等方面研究《电器检修与试验实习》课一体化教学的基本模式。

The relationship between the high-frequency performance of supercapacitors and the type of doped nitrogen in the carbon electrode

Nitrogen doping has been widely used to improve the performance of carbon electrodes in supercapacitors,particularly in terms of their high-frequency response.However,the charge storage and electrolyte ion response mechanisms of different nitrogen dopants at high frequencies are still unclear.In this study,melamine foam carbons with different configurations of surfacedoped N were formed by gradient carbonization,and the effects of the configurations on the high-frequency response behavior of the supercapacitors were analyzed.Using a combination of experiments and first-principle calculations,we found that pyrrolic N,characterized by a higher adsorption energy,increases the charge storage capacity of the electrode at high frequencies.On the other hand,graphitic N,with a lower adsorption energy,increases the speed of ion response.We propose the use of adsorption energy as a practical descriptor for electrode/electrolyte design in high-frequency applications,offering a more universal approach for improving the performance of N-doped carbon materials in supercapacitors.

Preparation and Anti⁃arc Erosion Property of Ag Matrix Electrical Contact Material Reinforced by Novel Ti_(2)Cd

Due to their outstanding electrical contact properties,Cd-containing silver-matrix electrical contact materials can meet the requirements of high stability and long life for military defense and aerospace applications.In order to further reduce the Cd content under the premise of meeting the high-performance requirements,in this study,high-purity intermediate Ti_(2)Cd powder of MAX phase(Ti_(2)CdC)was synthesized with a pressureless technique and then applied to reinforce the Ag matrix.The Cd content of the as-prepared Ag/Ti_(2)Cd composites was actually reduced by 38.31%compared with conventional Ag/CdO material.Based on the systematic study of the effect of heat treatment temperature on the physical phase,morphology,interface and comprehensive physical properties of Ag/Ti_(2)Cd composites,the preferred samples(heat treated at 400°C for 1 h)showed high density(97.77%),low resistivity(2.34μΩ·cm),moderate hardness(90.8HV),high tensile strength(189.9 MPa),and exhibited good electrical contact performance after 40000 cycles of arc discharging under severe conditions(DC 28 V/20 A).The results of microscopic morphological evolution,phase change and elemental distribution of the electrical contact surface show that the combination of high stability of Ti_(2)Cd reinforcing phase,good interfacial bonding with Ag matrix and improved melt pool viscosity in the primary stage of arc erosion,results in low and stable contact resistance(average value 13.20 mΩ)and welding force(average value 0.6 N),low fluctuation of static force(2.2-2.5 N).The decomposition and absorption energy of Ti_(2)Cd and the arc extinguishing effect of Cd vapor are the main reasons for the stable arcing energy and arcing time of electric contacts in the late stage of arc erosion.

Research progress on carbon-based zinc-ion capacitors

Zinc-ion capacitors(ZICs),which consist of a capacitor-type electrode and a battery-type electrode,not only possess the high power density of supercapacitors and the high energy density of batteries,but also have other advantages such as abundant resources,high safety and environmental friendliness.However,they still face problems such as insufficient specific capacitance,a short cycling life,and narrow operating voltage and temperature ranges,which are hindering their practical use.We provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental theory of carbon-based ZICs and summarize recent research progress from three perspectives:the carbon cathode,electrolyte and zinc anode.The influence of the structure and surface chemical properties of the carbon materials on the capacitive performance of ZICs is considered together with theoretical guidance for advancing their development and practical use.

Pitch-derived soft carbon composite with hard carbon fibers for high-rate and long-cycling K^(+) storage

Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)have been seen as a competitive alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their natural abundance,low cost and rocking chair-like operating mechanism similar to LIBs.Soft carbon has a lower voltage plateau compared to hard carbon and an easily modulated lattice structure compared to graphite,which provides particular advantages in KIBs anodes.Pitch has attracted much attention as a simple,readily available and inexpensive precursor for soft carbon,but its structure is easily damaged during cycling.Herein,the flexible film Pitch@CNF are prepared by uniformly winding reticulated carbon fibers on the surface of pitch-soft carbon via electrostatic spinning technique,which not only enables the pitch to maintain its structure well during cycling and withstand the volume expansion upon K^(+) insertion,but also is conducive to ionic transport of the three-dimensional reticulated structure.Meanwhile,the abundant pores on the carbon fibers can provide more K^(+) active sites.The prepared flexible self-supporting films can be used directly as electrodes without the addition of binders and conductive agents.The reversible capacity is 290 mAh·g^(-1)at a current density of 0.1 A·g^(-1),and the capacity retention rate is 83%after 500 cycles.

Highly Weak-light Sensitive and Dual-band Switchable Photodetector Based on CuI/Si Unilateral Heterojunction

In recent years,copper iodide(CuI)is an emerging p-type wide bandgap semiconductor with high intrinsic Hall mobility,high optical absorption and large exciton binding energy.However,the spectral response and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are limited for CuI-based heterostructure devices,which is related to the difficulty in fabrication of high-quality CuI thin films on other semiconductors.In this study,a p-CuI/n-Si photodiode has been fabricated through a facile solid-phase iodination method.Although the CuI thin film is polycrystalline with obvious structural defects,the CuI/Si diode shows a high weak-light sensitivity and a high rectification ratio of 7.6×10^(4),indicating a good defect tolerance.This is because of the unilateral heterojunction behavior of the formation of the p^(+)n diode.In this work,the mechanism of photocurrent of the p^(+)n diode has been studied comprehensively.Different monochromatic lasers with wavelengths of 400,505,635 and 780 nm have been selected for testing the photoresponse.Under zero-bias voltage,the device is a unilateral heterojunction,and only visible light can be absorbed at the Si side.On the other hand,when a bias voltage of-3 V is applied,the photodiode is switched to a broader“UV-visible”band response mode.Therefore,the detection wavelength range can be switched between the“Visible”and“UV-visible”bands by adjusting the bias voltage.Moreover,the obtained CuI/Si diode was very sensitive to weak light illumination.A very high detectivity of 10^(13)-1014 Jones can be achieved with a power density as low as 0.5μW/cm^(2),which is significantly higher than that of other Cu-based diodes.These findings underscore the high application potential of CuI when integrated with the traditional Si industry.

The application of metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for lithium-ion capacitors

There is an urgent need for lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)that have both high energy and high power densities to meet the continuously growing energy storage demands.LICs effectively balance the high energy density of traditional rechargeable batteries with the superior power density and long life of supercapacitors(SCs).Nevertheless,the development of LICs is still hampered by limited kinetic processes and capacity mismatch between the cathode and anode.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have received significant attention because of their extensive specific surface area,different pore structures and topologies,and customizable functional sites,making them compelling candidate materials for achieving high-performance LICs.MOF-derived carbons,known for their exceptional electronic conductivity and large surface area,provide improved charge storage and rapid ion transport.MOF-derived transition metal oxides contribute to high specific capacities and improved electrochemical stability.Additionally,MOF-derived metal compounds/carbons provide combined effects that increase both the capacitive and Faradaic reactions,leading to a superior overall performance.The review begins with an overview of the fundamental principles of LICs,followed by an exploration of synthesis strategies and ligand selection for MOF-based composite materials.It then analyzes the advantages of original MOFs and their derived materials,such as carbon materials and metal compounds,in enhancing LIC performance.Finally,the review discusses the major challenges faced by MOFs and their derivatives in LIC applications and offers future research directions and recommendations.

Freestanding oxide membranes:synthesis,tunable physical properties,and functional devices

The study of oxide heteroepitaxy has been hindered by the issues of misfit strain and substrate clamping,which impede both the optimization of performance and the acquisition of a fundamental understanding of oxide systems.Recently,however,the development of freestanding oxide membranes has provided a plausible solution to these substrate limitations.Single-crystalline functional oxide films can be released from their substrates without incurring significant damage and can subsequently be transferred to any substrate of choice.This paper discusses recent advancements in the fabrication,adjustable physical properties,and various applications of freestanding oxide perovskite films.First,we present the primary strategies employed for the synthesis and transfer of these freestanding perovskite thin films.Second,we explore the main functionalities observed in freestanding perovskite oxide thin films,with special attention to the tunable functionalities and physical properties of these freestanding perovskite membranes under varying strain states.Next,we encapsulate three representative devices based on freestanding oxide films.Overall,this review highlights the potential of freestanding oxide films for the study of novel functionalities and flexible electronics.

Morphology Control of TiO_(2)Nanotubes towards High-Efficient Electrodes for Supercapacitor

This article studies the role of electrochemical parameters in controlling the morphology of oxidized TiO_(2)nanotubes and the electrochemical performance of modified TiO_(2)nanotubes.Humidity is a key factor for fabricating TiO_(2)nanotubes.When the relative humidity belows 70%,the TiO_(2)nanotubes can be successfully prepared.What's more,by changing the anodization voltage and time,the diameter and the length of TiO_(2)nanotubes can be adjusted.In addition,the TiO_(2)nanotubes are modified through electrochemical self-doping and loading Pt metal particles on the surface of the nanotubes,which promotes the performance of the supercapacitor.The sample anodized at 100 V for 3 h has a specific capacity of up to 2.576 mF/cm~2 at a scan rate of 100 mV/s after self-doping,and its capacity retention rate still remains at 89.55%after 5000 cycles,demonstrating excellent cycling stability.The Pt-modified sample has a specific capacity of up to 3.486 mF/cm~2 at the same scan rate,exhibiting more outstanding electrochemical performance.

Metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon for the advanced aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitor

Aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors(ZIHCs)are considered one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems due to their high safety,environmental friendliness,low cost,and high power density.However,the low energy density and the lack of sustainable design strategies for the cathodes hinder the practical application of ZIHCs.Herein,we design the N and O co-doped porous carbon cathode by annealing metal-organic framework(ZIF-8).ZIF-8 retains the original dodecahedral structure with a high specific surface(2814.67 m^(2)/g)and I_(G)/I_(D) ratio of 1.0 during carbonization and achieves self-doping of N and O heteroatoms.Abundant defect sites are introduced into the porous carbon to provide additional active sites for ion adsorption after the activation of carbonized ZIF-8 by KOH treatment.The ZIHCs assembled with modified ZIF-8 as the cathode and commercial zinc foil as the anode show an energy density of 125 W∙h/kg and a power density of 79 W/kg.In addition,this ZIHCs device achieves capacity retention of 77.8%after 9000 electrochemical cycles,which is attributed to the diverse pore structure and plentiful defect sites of ZIF-8-800(KOH).The proposed strategy may be useful in developing high-performance metal-ion hybrid capacitors for large-scale energy storage.

Electrochemical performance of a symmetric supercapacitor device designed using laser-produced multilayer graphene

We report an economical approach for the fabrication of laser-produced graphene(LPG)electrodes,which results in an improved electrochemical performance.Polyimide polymer was used as the starting material for LPG synthesis and was irradiated under ambient conditions with a CO_(2) laser.The prepared LPG samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR,which validated the formation of multilayer graphene containing sp2 hybridized C=C bonds.FE-SEM revealed three-dimensional(3D)sheet-like structures,while HR-TEM images showed lattice planes with an interplanar spacing of approximately 0.33 nm,corres-ponding to the(002)plane of graphene.Their electrochemical performance showed a remarkable areal specific capacitance(CA)of 51 mF cm^(−2)(170 F g^(-1))at 1 mA cm^(−2)(3.3 A g^(-1))in a three-electrode configuration with 1 mol L^(−1) KOH as the aqueous electrolyte.The LPG electrodes produced an energy density of~3.5μWh cm^(−2) and a power density of~350μW cm^(−2),demonstrating signific-ant energy storage ability.They also had an excellent cycling stability,retaining 87%of their specific capacitance after 3000 cycles at 1 mA/cm^(2).A symmetric supercapacitor fabricated with LPG electrodes and the 1 mol L^(−1) KOH electrolyte had a specific capacit-ance of 23 mF cm^(−2) and showed excellent retention after 10000 cycles,showing LPG’s potential for use in supercapacitors.

A review of carbon nanotubes in modern electrochemical energy storage

The quest for sustainable energy storage solutions is more critical than ever,with the rise in global energy demand and the urgency of transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources.Carbon nanotubes(CNTs),with their exceptional electrical conduct-ivity and structural integrity,are at the forefront of this endeavor,offering promising ways for the advance of electrochemical energy storage(EES)devices.This review provides an analysis of the synthesis,properties,and applications of CNTs in the context of EES.We explore the evolution of CNT synthesis methods,including arc discharge,laser ablation,and chemical vapor deposition,and highlight the recent developments in metal-organic framework-derived CNTs and a novel CNT aggregate with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure.We also examine the role of CNTs in improving the performance of various EES devices such as lith-ium-ion,lithium-metal,lithium-sulfur,sodium,and flexible batteries as well as supercapacitors.We underscore the challenges that remain,including the scalability of CNT synthesis and the integration of CNTs in electrode materials,and propose potential solu-tions and future research directions.The review presents a forward-looking perspective on the pivotal role of CNTs in shaping the fu-ture of sustainable EES technologies.