The Influence of forest certification on forest product trade

Forest certification is considered to be complementary to forest management policies and takes a significant effect on forest product trade. In recent decade, it has been followed with interest and approved by governments and forestry de-partments in the world. This paper analyzes the influence of forest certification on forest product trade in the world, including the interest in certification in exporting countries and importing countries, trade flow and business competition, and the demands for Certified Forest Products (CFPs) and also discusses the influence of forest certification on forest product trade in China.

Effect of copper slag recovery on hydrometallurgical cut-off grades considering environmental aspects

Determining the hydrometallurgical cut-off grades specifies the destination of low grade materials and this is subjected to more benefits in mining. Copper production rate is considered as one of the fundamental issues in hydrometallurgical cut-off grades determination. Slags are remarked as one of the main sources of copper. It is not only regarded as a waste but also identified as another resource extracting base metals. Slags are characterized by copper high grade. Thus, slag copper recovery can be led to different cut-off grades and net present value(NPV). The current research scrutinizes the effect of slag recovery by both flotation and hydrometallurgical methods on the hydrometallurgical cut-off grades. For this purpose, the optimum cut-off grade algorithms of hydrometallurgical methods are developed by considering associated environmental parameters, incomes and also the costs. Then, their optimum amounts are calculated with NPV maximization as an objective function. The results indicate that considering slag copper recovery in the hydrometallurgical cut-off grade algorithms reduces the environmental costs caused by slag dumping and leads to more NPV by 9%.

Metropolises and World Music in Globalization： Towns, Melting Pot Works, and Jazz Classics in Memories

Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns＇ of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities＇ into question. Jazz answers with stories and memories can learn a lesson for the future of towns, metropolises and their background, shows through examples of stories of jazz in New Orleans, New York, Paris, Bordeaux and Rome, how this nomad, notable and crossbreeding music contributes to the history of jazz, and world music, and listeners＇ memories, in ＂their own way＂ as towns, cities and their memories can contribute to the prosperity of the metropolises in globalization, through original melting pot works.

The Study of Changes in the Element Compositions of Pd and Re Specimens Irradiated in Dense Gaseous Deuterium by y-Quanta with Boundary Energy up to 23 MeV

The element compositions of palladium and rhenium specimens irradiated in dense gaseous deuterium by y-quanta with the threshold energy 23 MeV were studies. Strong anomalies are found in the structure and element composition of the irradiated Pd and Re specimens.

Health disparities are associated with gastric cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in 57 countries

AIM To evaluate the association between mortality-to-incidence ratios(MIRs) and health disparities.METHODS In this study, we used the GLOBOCAN 2012 database to obtain the cancer incidence and mortality data for 57 countries, and combined this information with the World Health Organization(WHO) rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product(e/GDP). The associations between variables and MIRs were analyzed by linear regression analyses and the 57 countries were selected according to their data quality. RESULTS The more developed regions showed high gastric cancer incidence and mortality crude rates, but lower MIR values than the less developed regions(0.64 vs 0.80, respectively). Among six continents, Oceania had the lowest(0.60) and Africa had the highest(0.91) MIR. A good WHO ranking and a high e/GDP were significantly associated with low MIRs(P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION The MIR variation for gastric cancer would predict regional health disparities.

＂Let Me With Sappho and Orinda Be oh Ever Sacred Nymph, Adom＇d by Thee＂, Aphra Behn： A Character in Search of an Author

In this paper, I will explore Aphra Behn＇s world： spy, kept mistress and writer. She created her complex personality between myth and reality, underlining limits and contradictions of her society in her life and works. In a world where woman had to be obedient she turned upside down a strict system, while remaining loyal to male libertinism. I will sketch out a brief outline of her life and works. She plays her role, assuming different positions, such as her masculine poetic gift and the labelled role of whore. This gave her access to the little but exciting world of women＇s literature. She constructed the image of the whore, becoming trader of herself. In doing this, she gained a place in society.

Kantian Cosmopolitan Ideal in Disciplining the World Literature： Cosmopolitanism in Hong Kong Poetry in the Early 1990s

This article looks at how cosmopolitanism--the notion of universality within a diversity of multi-cultures---has been shaping the discipline of world literature. The article encompasses chiefly three parts. The first part offers an overview of the debates on the discipline widely discussed by literary scholars such as Franco Moretti, David Damrosch and Emily Apter. I take issue with the harmonic co-existence of both local and global elements---and what I define as ＂glocality＂---in literatures to exhibit the inevitable trend of the trans-cultural, supranational and cross-historical interactions among multiple centres and/or various cities especially in the twenty-first century. I thereby argue in the second part using Leung Ping Kwan （1949-2013）＇s ＂Images of Hong Kong＂ （1992） and Louise Ho＇s two poetry pieces written in 1994 to prove how Kantian Cosmopolitan elements have deeply embedded in the poem written in a city where the West frequently interacts with the East. I conclude by stepping in further to argue that only through tolerating and mediating between the region and the globe can world literature as a discipline find its way out without fear for marginalising any of the literary pieces.

Impact of life and inspiration- Monet＇s back garden era

Impressionist Claude Monet was the most representative painter; he is not only the founder and terminator of Impressionism, but also the opener of modem painting. The artistic vitality of his life is extremely strong, unrivaled with an amazing number of works of Impressionism. Among the legacy, ＂classic＂ and ＂existence＂ works make up the most. The 1890s is the dividing line of Monet＇ s two periods of his creative career. It is also his most focused era of creation, called Monet back garden world＂ , where his works of all forms come out.

Consumer Response to the Product Carbon Footprint （PCF）

A survey of 277 German participants demonstrates that a Product Carbon Footprint （PCF） label is not yet a suitable instrument for communication with consumers because of the lack of standardized PCF calculation within Europe. Most consumers do not understand either the PCF statement or the PCF calculation. The public message of a PCF label does not conform to the terms of sustainability. At first sight, PCF seems to be an opportunity to communicate the sustainability aspects of food to consumers, but too many different approaches to defining PCF exist in Europe. Additionally, the use of a ＂green＂ PCF label may distort trading conditions because of the lack of PCF-issuing authorities in accordance with World Trade Organization （WTO） standards. Hence, PCF may ultimately deceive consumers through its misapplication if the PCF calculation is not aligned to internationally accepted standards.

Environmental management system and community＇s spillover behavior

The purpose of this study is to explore how business organizations could effectively promote positive environmental norms among a larger section of the community. This study hypothesized that the development of a feeling of high involvement among employees of organizations implementing the Environmental Management System （EMS） could result in the spillover phenomena of other environmentally responsible behavior in different domains such as, consumer preferences for environment-friendly products. The study also confirms the effects of environmental attitude （EA） and concrete knowledge （CK） as a mediator; acting not only as an axis to the spillover phenomenon but is also found to be the crucial factor in determining the strength of the whole spillover process.

Analysis on the Evolution and Signficance to the Determination of‘Like Product＇

Overviewing the international trade both in theoretical studies and legal cases, there is a notion known as ‘like product’, occurs in both the WTO law and the GATT 1994. Even though this concept occurs in the several of agreements, nevertheless, the concept of ‘like product’ is not defined in the GATT 1994. However, it plays a dominant role in the international trade, and it is a key point to deal with some issues of international trade, particularly in anti-dumping issues. Product and ‘Like product＇ both are most important elements in GATT, mostly in every principle rules has concerned it since GATT has been signed. World economy is developing and growing faster, and had pushed the GATT into playing an even more central role. The product also developing and been evolution, Therefore there were certainly changes in the subjects here addressed. But the changes came largely in the form of filling in the gaps-again both in the rules and in the institution. This thesis will be concerned with the evolution and significance of the notion of ‘like product’ under the GATT fundamental principles.

Pursuing a World of Ecological Harmony An Ecofeminist Study of Willa Cather＇s Pioneer Works

Willa Cather （1873-1947） is one of the greatest women writers in the history of American literature, whose reputation centers on her novels about celebrating pioneer immigrants on Nebraska prairie and the American southwest. For long Willa Cather＇s pioneer works have gained great critical acclaim and have been interpreted from different perspectives such as mythicism, romanticism, and feminism. This paper, interpreting Willa C ather＇ s classical pioneer works of the three periods from the 1920s to the 1930s-My A ntonia （ 1918）, A Lost Lady （1923）, and ＂Neighbor Rosicky＂ （1930）, is devoted to making a full exploration into the evolution of her ecological thoughts from an ecofeminist perspective. In Willa Cather＇s three pioneer works of different creative stages, she deliberately constructs three eco-worlds as a standard of ecological harmony. In her three eco-worlds, Willa Cather not only investigates the relationship between man and nature, but also involves androcentrism, patriarchy, and other ecofeminist topics. Willa Cather＇s ecological views have undergone changes in her representation of three successive phrases. To interpret Willa Cather＇s pioneer works from the perspective of ecofeminism can provide a deeper comprehension about her works and her ecological thoughts for the world.

Understanding the basic biology underlying the flavor world of children

Health organizations worldwide recommend that adults and children minimize intakes of excess energy and salty, sweet, and fatty foods （all of which are highly preferred tastes） and eat diets richer in whole grains, low- and non- fat dairy products, legumes, fish, lean meat, fruits, and vegetables （many of which taste bitter）. Despite such recommendations and the well-established benefits of these foods to human health, adults are not complying, nor are their children. A primary reason for this difficulty is the remarkably potent rewarding properties of the tastes and flavors of foods high in sweetness, saltiness, and fatness. While we cannot easily change children＇s basic ingrained biology of liking sweets and avoiding bitterness, we can modulate their flavor preferences by providing early exposure, starting in utero, to a wide variety of flavors within healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Because the flavors of foods mothers eat during pregnancy and lactation also flavor amniotic fluid and breast milk and become preferred by infants, pregnant and lactating women should widen their food choices to include as many flavorful and healthy foods as possible. These experiences, combined with repeated exposure to nutritious foods and flavor variety during the weaning period and beyond, should maximize the chances that children will select and enjoy a healthier diet [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 834-841, 2010].

State Policy on the Environment in Vietnamese Handicraft Villages

Handicraft villages play an important role in promoting social and economic development in rural areas as well as Vietnam＇s economy. Nowadays, Vietnam＇s handicrafts have a foothold in the world market, and are exported over 163 countries and territories （Tuan, 2010）. However, the production activities of the handicraft village have a lot of shortcomings, especially the problem of environmental pollution （Chi, 2010）. Therefore, government policy plays a very important role to minimize environmental pollution villages, contributing to improving environmental quality and public health. This paper focuses on： 1）. Current status of state policy environment in handicraft villages shows the achievements and limitations of the policy, from which reviews state policy in environments in handicraft villages （through fieldwork in the handicraft villages）; and 2）. Solution to improve state policy on environmental protection in handicraft villages in Vietnam.

World Economy and the Export Dependence of China's Textile Industry

In this paper,the current status of export dependence of China's textile industry and affecting factors are evaluated.A cointegration test for world economy and China's export of textile and apparel is conducted which suggests that a long-term cointegration relationship exists between the growth rate of the world economy and that of China's export of textiles and apparel.The world economy will enter a period of low-speed growth,and the growth rate of China's textile and apparel exports will slow down accordingly.On the other hand,China's domestic expenditures on textiles and apparel are expected to maintain robust growth.According to the trends of exports and domestic demand,the export dependence of China's textile industry will go down with fluctuations.The conclusion is useful to evaluating the performance of the textile industry and making relevant policies.

Investigation on the Relationship between Specimen Width and Breaking Strength of Geotextile

The tensile properties of geotextile are analyzed with the boundary element method, with special emphasis put on the influence of specimen width on geotextile breaking strength. The theoretical and experimental results showed that narrow specimen would underestimate the tensile strength of the geotextile. During testing procedure, the lateral contraction of the specimen is the main reason that causes the breaking strength to be on the lower side. The theoretical results also indicate that the breaking strength of the geotextile would arrive at a fixed value when the specimen width is increased to a certain extent.

Are There Tea Parties on Mars？ Business and Politics in Science Fiction Films

This paper will apply a politically oriented description-critique paradigm developed from the works of Whitehall and Grewell that offers a way to examine works of popular culture, particularly Mars-based science fiction films. Because of the unique nature of these films, primarily which they are set in a future and distant world, they allow us to explore the socio-political landscape in which they were created from a remove that does not exist in ＂real-world＂ based works. Specifically we will be examining the governing power （in any particular Mars-based science fiction film） that might be either wielded by business interests or governmental interests. Although it is possible to have both a strong government and a strong business in a society, in many Mars-based science fiction films, government and business seem to represent two sides of a continuum. The stronger the business power structure in the film, the weaker the governmental power structure, and vice-versa.

Dyeing PET Textile with C.I.Disperse Red 60 and C.I. Disperse Orange 25 in Supercritical CO_2

For a better understanding of the feasibility of supercritieal fluid dyeing （SFD） and more available information for the process development, the experiments of dyeing PET textile with C.I. disperse red 60 （anthraquinone type） and C. I. disperse orange 25 （azo type） in supercritieal CO2 were carried out with a high-pressure dyeing apparatus at temperatures from 80 to 130℃ and pressure up to 31 MPa. The effect of operating conditions on color yield （K/S） was investigated in SFD experiment, and the optimum operating conditions for the above two disperse dyes were obtained as follows： the temperature 120℃, the pressure 25 MPa and the dyeing time 100 min. As compared with SFD, the conventional water dyeing （CWD） was carried out with the same dyes and textile. The results show that the better fastness, levelness and apparent color can be achieved in SFD and the SFD process has many significant advantages over the CWD process.

Effects of Explanation Type on Consumers' Perceived Usefulness of Online Reviews and Their Boundary Conditions

In making purchasing decisions, consumers look to online reviews posted by others who have used or experienced the product/service. Most existing studies on online reviews only focused on their content without addressing how their explanation type influences purchasing decisions, not to mention the boundary conditions for such effects. Based on three experimental studies, this paper examines how explanation type affects the perceived usefulness of online reviews and purchasing decisions, and discusses the boundary conditions for such effects. Our findings show that positive explanation type has a positive effect on the perceived usefulness of online reviews, while negative explanation has an insignificant impact. For search products, there is a positive correlation between the online reviews of explained actions and the perceived usefulness of consumer reviews. For experience products, there is a positive correlation between the online reviews of explained reactions and the perceived usefulness of consumer reviews. Further research found that temporal distance may moderate the effects of explanation type and product type on the perceived usefulness of online reviews. This study also provides a new approach for research on the word-of-mouth(WOM) with meaningful implications for e-commerce firms.

Families and Companion Animals in a Contemporary World： A Study of Bodies, Minds, and Emotions in Brazilian Cyberspace

The objective of this paper is to present the result of a research of images and messages addressed to pet owners, posted in news and advertising websites in Brazilian cyberspace in the period between 2005 and 2012. There are a wide variety of pet products and services, similar to those available to the human being and note that pet care industry address the posts to pet owners and the messages intend to motivate the emotions and feelings for the animals, in a sentimental anthropomorphism process. The marketing messages are similar to those of products shaped to induce a person to buy luxury products. Market social interaction is driven by both the human-animal bond and the pet care market campaigns advertisement. In many situations, people interact with pet as a person or a member of the family, as a unique and special living being. The authors conclude that in families which people and animal interacts, new meanings emerge from this contact.