关于井盐文化传承与发展的研究——以歌剧《盐神》中的舞蹈动作为例

弘扬国家井盐文化、传承盐工精神是每一位中国公民应尽的责任。文艺工作者为展现井盐文化、弘扬盐工精神,编创歌剧《盐神》。作品 的问世,引起广泛文艺工作者关注。笔者作为舞蹈艺术工作者,学习作品后,发现在歌剧《盐神》中有丰富的舞蹈元素融合展现,为体现盐工形象,展现人民精神带来点睛之笔。为弘扬劳动人民奉献精神,传承中国井盐文化,传播舞蹈艺术价值。作者以舞蹈视角,对歌剧《盐神》进行分析与研究。以歌剧《盐神》中的舞蹈动作元素作为研究对象,分析舞蹈艺术在作品中对井盐文化呈现的作用和意义。

Evolution of neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and their receptors

Gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and glutamate are two important amino acid neurotransmitters widely present in the nervous systems of mammals, insects, round worm, and platyhelminths, while their receptors are quite diversified across different animal phyla. However, the evolutionary mechanisms between the two conserved neurotransmitters and their diversified receptors remain elusive, and antagonistic interactions between GABA and glutamate signal transduction systems, in particular, have began to attract significant attention. In this review, we summarize the extant results on the origin and evolution of GABA and glutamate, as well as their receptors, and analyze possible evolutionary processes and phylogenetic relationships of various GABAs and glutamate receptors. We further discuss the evolutionary history of Excitatory/Neutral Amino Acid Transporter （EAAT）, a transport protein, which plays an important role in the GABA-glutamate ＂yin and yang＂ balanced regulation. Finally, based on current advances, we propose several potential directions of future research.

Contribution of altered signal transduction associated to glutamate receptors in brain to the neurological alterations of hepatic encephalopathy

Patients with liver disease may present hepatic enceph- alopathy (HE), a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome covering a wide range of neurological alterations, including cognitive and motor disturbances. HE reduces the quality of life of the patients and is associated with poor prognosis. In the worse cases HE may lead to coma or death. The mechanisms leading to HE which are not well known are being studied using animal models. The neurological alterations in HE are a consequence of impaired cerebral function mainly due to alterations in neurotransmission. We review here some studies indicating that alterations in neurotransmission associated to different types of glutamate receptors are responsible for some of the cognitive and motor alterations present in HE. These studies show that the function of the signal transduction pathway glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP associated to the NMDA type of glutamate receptors is impaired in brain in vivo in HE animal models as well as in brain of patients died of HE. Activation of NMDA receptors in brain activates this pathway and increases cGMP. In animal models of HE this increase in cGMP induced by activation of NMDA receptors is reduced, which is responsible for the impairment in learning ability in these animal models. Increasing cGMP by pharmacological means restores learning ability in rats with HE and may be a new therapeutic approach to improve cognitive function in patients with HE. However, it is necessary to previously assess the possible secondary effects.Patients with HE may present psychomotor slowing, hypokinesia and bradykinesia. Animal models of HE also show hypolocomotion. It has been shown in rats with HE that hypolocomotion is due to excessive activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in substantia nigra pars reticulata. Blocking mGluR1 in this brain area normalizes motor activity in the rats, suggesting that a similar treatment for patients with HE could be useful to treat psychomotor slowing and hypokinesia. However, the possible secondary effects of mGluR1 antagonists should be previously evaluated. These studies are setting the basis for designing therapeutic procedures to specifically treat the individual neurological alterations in patients with HE.

Application of Nonlinear Predictive Control Based on RBF Network Predictive Model in MCFC Plant

This paper described a nonlinear model predictive controller for regulating a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). A detailed mechanism model of output voltage of a MCFC was presented at first. However, this model was too complicated to be used in a control system. Consequently, an off line radial basis function (RBF) network was introduced to build a nonlinear predictive model. And then, the optimal control sequences were obtained by applying golden mean method. The models and controller have been realized in the MATLAB environment. Simulation results indicate the proposed algorithm exhibits satisfying control effect even when the current densities vary largely.

INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF ADENOSINE 5' -TRIPHOSPHATE ON COCHLEAR FUNCTION OF GUINEA PIG

Objective To study effects of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) on cochlear function of guineapig. Methods After perfusion of ATP into perilymphatic spaces of the guinea pig cochlea, summating potential(SP) , cochlear microphonic ( CM) , auditory nerve compound action potential ( CAP) , distortion product otoa-coustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) were measured. Results The resultsshowed concentration-dependent effect of ATP on the response alterations of bioelectric activity in cochlea. Adminis-tration of Immol/L ATP caused an increase both in the amplitude of the SP and in the threshold of ABR, a decreasein amplitude of the CAP and DPOAE. In addition, response alterations of the CAP and DPOAE showed in an inten-sity- and frequency-dependent manner, respectively. At levels of 20 - 70dB nHL sound intensity, lmmol/L ATPcaused a significant decrease in the CAP amplitude, while at moderate and high frequency ranges of 2 -8kHz it re-duced DPOAE amplitude significantly. 330μmol/L ATP also increased the threshold of ABR. Conclusion ATPthrough perilymphatic perfusion could inhibit cochlear function of guinea pig.

Evaluation of nitrate removal effect on groundwater using artificial neural networks

Considering the non-linear, complex and muhivariable process of biological denitrification, an activated sludge process was introduced to remove nitrate in groundwater with the aid of artificial neural networks （ANN） to evaluate the nitrate removal effect： The parameters such as COD, NH3-N, NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, MISS, DO, etc. , were used for input nodes, and COD, NH3-N, NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N were selected for output nodes. Experimental ANN training results show that ANN was able to predict the output water quality parameters very well. Most of relative errors of NO3^- -N and COD were in the range of ± 10% and ±5% respectively. The results predicted by ANN model of nitrate removal in groundwater produced good agreement with the experimental data. Though ANN model can optimize effect of the whole system, it cannot replace the water treatment process.

An LC-MS Method for Evaluating Photostability of Naloxone Hydrochloride I.V. Infusion

Naloxone is a well-known opioid antagonist indicated for the treatment of CNS （central nervous system） and respiratory depression induced by natural or synthetic opioid in adults and neonates whose mothers have received opioids. While it has been reported that an injection of 0.2 mg/mL of naloxone hydrochloride is physically and chemically stable, data on photostability on continuous i.v. infusion of 0.2 mg/mL of naloxone hydrochloride has not been reported. Therefore, a method was required for assessment of naloxone hydrochloride photostability. A high performance LC-MS （liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry） method was established to evaluate the photostability of naloxone hydrochloride. Injections of naloxone hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride were exposed to artificial light and stored at room temperature （22 ~C） and 37 ~C. Naloxone losses up to 9.79% of its initial concentration when exposed to light at room temperature for 192 h, but the degradation increased up to 14.91% as the storage temperature increase. The disappearance of naloxone hydrochloride was correlated with the appearance of nor-oxymorphonedegradant. Naloxone hydrochloride is photosensitive and degradation increased at highly temperature and light intensity. Therefore, naloxone i.v. infusion solutions should either be protected from light and/or be frequently replaced when being administered to patients.

Auto recognition of carbonate microfacies based on an improved back propagation neural network

Though traditional methods could recognize some facies, e.g. lagoon facies, backshoal facies and foreshoal facies, they couldn't recognize reef facies and shoal facies well. To solve this problem, back propagation neural network(BP-ANN) and an improved BP-ANN with better stability and suitability, optimized by a particle swarm optimizer(PSO) algorithm(PSO-BP-ANN) were proposed to solve the microfacies' auto discrimination of M formation from the R oil field in Iraq. Fourteen wells with complete core, borehole and log data were chosen as the standard wells and 120 microfacies samples were inferred from these 14 wells. Besides, the average value of gamma, neutron and density logs as well as the sum of squares of deviations of gamma were extracted as key parameters to build log facies(facies from log measurements)-microfacies transforming model. The total 120 log facies samples were divided into 12 kinds of log facies and 6 kinds of microfacies, e.g. lagoon bioclasts micrite limestone microfacies, shoal bioclasts grainstone microfacies, backshoal bioclasts packstone microfacies, foreshoal bioclasts micrite limestone microfacies, shallow continental micrite limestone microfacies and reef limestone microfacies. Furthermore, 68 samples of these 120 log facies samples were chosen as training samples and another 52 samples were gotten as testing samples to test the predicting ability of the discrimination template. Compared with conventional methods, like Bayes stepwise discrimination, both the BP-ANN and PSO-BP-ANN can integrate more log details with a correct rate higher than 85%. Furthermore, PSO-BP-ANN has more simple structure, smaller amount of weight and threshold and less iteration time.

Local effect of celecoxib on peripheral nerve repair com- bined with silicone tubulization in rat

Objective： To assess local effect of celecoxib on nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve transec- tion model. Methods： Forty-five male healthy white Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups （n= 15 for each）： sham-operation （SHAM）, control （SIL） and celecoxib treated （SIL/CLX） groups. In SHAM group after anesthesia left sciatic nerve was exposed and after homeo- stasis muscle was sutured. In SIL group the left sciatic nerve was exposed in the same way and transected proximal to tibioperoneal bifurcation leaving a 10 mm gap. Proximal and distal stumps were each inserted into a silicone tube and filled with 10 gl phosphate buffered solution. In SIL/CLX group defect was bridged using a silicone tube filled with 10 μl celecoxib （0.1 g/L）. Results： Functional study and gastrocnemius muscle mass confirmed faster and better recovery of regenerated axons in SIL/CLX than in SIL group （P〈0.05）. Morphometric indices of regenerated fibers showed number and diameter of the myelinated fibers in SIL/CLX were significantly greater than those in control group. In immunohistochemistry, lo- cation of reactions to S-100 in SIL/CLX was clearly more positive than that in SIL group. Conclusion： Response to local treatment ofcelecoxib demonstrates that it influences and improves functional re- covery of peripheral nerve regeneration.