The applications of Bayesian models in real-world studies of traditional Chinese medicine:a primer

Real-world study is valuable for traditional Chinese medicine.However,there are no gold standards of statistical approaches for analyzing data from real-world study of traditional Chinese medicine.With the development of computer technology,researchers have increasingly paid attention to Bayesian statistics in the biomedical field.In present study,real-world study and Bayesian statistics were introduced.It was discussed that why and when to use Bayesian analysis and the challenge in the real-world study of traditional Chinese medicine.

Assessing acupuncture effect in the real world study

Acupuncture,with its unique set of theories and its evident results in clinical practice is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and gaining recognition worldwide for the past few years.Although acupuncture treatment is generally accepted by the public,a few western researchers believe that sufficient evidence of its efficiency is still currently lacking,therefore creating a challenge of its acceptance on a wider scale.This article suggests the concepts of acupuncture behind clinical researches by reviewing the clinical researches done,analyzing the existing problems,and integrating real life acupuncture into the research process.By increasing the credibility of acupuncture,its reach can be extended globally and to more countries and regions.

Truth and the World： Why Davidson Is Right and Rorty Is Wrong

Richard Rorty thinks he has the same agenda as Donald Davidson. He is wrong. Though Rorty contends truth as only metaphor liberates us, he actually undercuts a rich interpretative ability. Davidson＇s agenda provides ways to explore this ability by elucidating the conditions that reside in the make up of successful communication and in which truth claims are made about the world. Thus, Davidson and Rorty have different agenda, and Davidson＇s offers more promise for philosophy to help explain what we seem to know-we can communicate truthfully about the world.

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Treatment Laws of Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Action Mechanism of High-Frequency Chinese Herbs in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Study

Objective Our objective was to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and treatment laws of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD based on realworldstudy.MethodsThe data of patients with DKD who had been treated in the First Hospital Affiliated to Henan Universityof ChineseMedicine from January1,2014to December 31,2021 were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information management system.The contents of the cases were statistically analyzed using IBM SPsS Statistics 25 software,and the laws of DKDtreatment were summarized.Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD.ResultsThe data of a total of 1,201 patients with DKD were included,involving 72 kinds of TCM syndromes.Nine disease nature elements and six disease location elements were extracted,involving 405 Chinese herbs.The top five high-frequency Chinese herbs were Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),and Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).Thirty kinds of Chinese herbs with the frequency of≥100 were mainly deficiency-tonifying herbs and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herbs.The medicinal properties were mainly warm and mild,and the medicinal flavors were sweet and bitter mostly.For the meridian tropism,the main meridian tropism of these herbs is spleen meridian and lung meridian.The clustering method.

Set Relationships between Tourists' Authentic Perceptions and Authenticity of World Heritage Resources

Tourists’ authentic perceptions are crucial for the development of world heritage resources. The paper focuses on exploring the relationships between tourists’ authentic perceptions and authenticity-based tourism development of world heritage. Through the empirical study on the Forbidden City in Beijing, we find that the relationships between the above two factors can be simulated by the model of set theory in algebra. As a result, five types of set relationships are proposed： “separation relation”, “intersection relation”, “inclusion relation I”,“inclusion relation II” and “superposition relation”. According to sample distribution rules, the set relationships can be further divided into primary set relationships and secondary set relationships. The study on set relationships based on demographic characteristic of tourists by using two-way analysis of variance method shows that the tourists in different groups of gender, ages, levels of education, visit frequencies and levels of early perspectives have different perceptions for the set relationships. The ifndings in this paper are helpful for identifying effects of the authenticity-based exploitation of world heritage resources and proposing future strategies for world heritage resources from tourists’ authentic perspectives.