眼光

在这个世界上．每个人都活在“众目睽睽”之下，在你们的周围，以及无穷的远方，亦有无数的人或有意或无意地向你们投来异样的眼光，你们该怎么办，“90后”？

眼光是金

《庄子》一书中讲了这样一则寓言：宋国的一家人，有一祖传秘方，冬天涂在手上不生冻疮．皮肤不会破裂。这家人靠这个秘方世世代代漂泊为生，有人路经这里．听说这家人有此秘方．提出用100两金子来买他们的秘方。客人买到手后．就去南方游说吴王。吴越地处海疆．守卫国土．主要靠海军。

眼光与感情

眼是心灵的窗口，心灵丰富了营养，眼光方能锐利。凡事不可只看表象，更要透过表象，看出问题，看出弊端，看出差距，看出感情。 近读一篇回忆录，感受颇深。1977年，当时的安徽省委书记万里去凤阳视察，一位县里干部向他介绍凤阳人多年来就有个习惯，一到农闲都出去讨饭。万里听了忙打断他的话，

眼光决定生死

春秋时,曹国大夫僖负羁的妻子曹僖氏是有名的贤内助.有一年,晋国公子重耳逃亡到曹国寻求避难,曹国的大臣不仅拒绝了他,还处处为难他.唯独曹僖氏眼光独到,对丈夫说：“我看重耳迟早要当晋国的君王,那时,他定会讨伐曾对他无礼的曹国,我们也会跟着一起遭殃。”

A 10Gb/s GaAs PHEMT High Gain Preamplifier for Optical Receivers

A high gain cascade connected preamplifier for optical receivers is developed with 0.5μm GaAs PHEMT technology from the Nanjing Electronic Devices Institute. To begin with, the transimpedance amplifier has a -3dB bandwidth of 10GHz, with a small signal gain of around 9dB. The post-stage distributed amplifier （DA） has a -3dB bandwidth of close to 20GHz,with a small signal gain of around 12dB. As a whole,the cascade preamplifier has a measured small signal gain of 21.3dB and a transimpedance of 55.3dBΩ in a 50Ω system. With a higher signal-to-noise ratio than that of the TIA and a markedly improved waveform distortion compared with that of the DA, the measured output eye diagram for 10Gb/s NRZ pseudorandom binary sequence is clear and symmetric.

Chromatic Adaptation to Complex Field

Chromatic adaptation of human eyes to complex field is investigated using binocular asymmetric matching method. The results show that the leve of chromatic adapta- tion mainly depends on the average color of adapting field, whereas no obvious change oc- curs when the number of hues and their color differences vary in a complex field. The shifts of perceived color evoked by chromatic adaptation in CIE 1976 L U V color space are approximately proportional to the average color difference between the adapting field and reference field.

Effects of Qingguang’an Granules on mitochondrial autophagy of retinal ganglion cells in rats with chronic ocular hypertension

Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Qingguang’an Granules(青光安颗粒剂,QGAG)on mitochondrial autophagy(mitophagy)of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)in rats with chronic ocular hypertension(COH).Methods Sixty Sprague Dawley(SD)rats,half males and half females,were randomly assigned to three groups:the control,model,and QGAG(2.5 g/kg)groups,with 20 rats in each group.Rats’model of COH was established by cauterizing episcleral veins in the model group and QGAG group.Three weeks after successful modeling,rats in the QGAG group were intra-gastrically administered with QGAG,while rats in the control group and the model group received an equal dose of normal saline.After three months of intragastric administration,intraocular pressure(IOP)of all rats was measured.The mitophagy was monitored by the immunofluorescence method,the mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the JC-1 method,and the morphological changes of mitophagy in RGCs were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Meanwhile,rat RGCs were labeled using the fluorescent gold method,and RGCs density in each group was calculated.Moreover,RGCs apoptosis was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling(TUNEL)assay.Finally,the expression levels of Parkin,optineurin,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ),recombinant lysosomal associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1),and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)in RGCs were determined by Western blot assay.The corresponding mRNAs were detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Results The QGAG reduced IOP in COH rats,and inhibited mitophagy and apoptosis of RGCs(P<0.05).Besides,the QGAG significantly increased the expression levels of Parkin and Bcl-2(P<0.05),and inhibited the expression levels of optineurin,LAMP1,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ(P<0.05)in RGCs of COH rats.Conclusion The QGAG can inhibit mitophagy in RGCs of COH rats and show a protective effect against optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma,which may be mediated through the mitophagy ubiquitination via the Parkin/PINK1-related pathway.

Factors Related to Prognosis of Refractory Glaucoma with Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation Treatment

Objective To evaluate the predictive factors of refractory glaucoma treated with diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation(TSCP) in a midterm observation.Methods Fifty-four consecutive patients(54 eyes) with refractory glaucoma were enrolled and underwent TSCP(power of 1.5-2.0 W,exposure time of 2 seconds and 20-50 applications).Patients were regularly followed up for 12 months.Intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured before TSCP treatment and at each follow-up visit.Patients were divided into the sensitive and insensitive groups according to the effect of a single treatment of TSCP on IOP.The success rate was defined as the percentage of eyes achieving an IOP between 5 and 21 mm Hg following TSCP therapy at their final follow up visit.Difference of age between the sensitive and insensitive groups was evaluated with Independent-samples T test and that of gender distribution of two groups was evaluated with Fisher's exact test.The success rate of different types of glaucoma to TSCP was calculated.Results A total of 32 patients were sensitive to TSCP(sensitive group) and 22 patients were insensitive to TSCP(insensitive group).The success rates of female(77.8%,14/18) and cases being over 50 years(71.4%,20/28) were higher than those of male(50.0%,18/36) and ones being under 50 years(46.2%,12/26)(all P>0.05).The age of the sensitive and insensitive groups was 56.0±15.5 and 46.4±15.4 years,respectively(P=0.029).The age(P=0.029) and gender distribution(P=0.046) of the two groups had significant difference.The success rate of neovascular glaucoma,primary angle-closure glaucoma,primary open angle glaucoma,traumatic glaucoma,uveitic glaucoma,and secondary glaucoma after silicone oil injection to TSCP was 57.1%,100.0%,50.0%,20.0%,81.8%,and 0%,respectively.Conclusion Age,gender,and type of glaucoma appear to be associated with effect of TSCP on IOP control.

Physical Therapy Modalities of Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

The meibomian gland is a unique sebaceous gland located in the eyelid.Its main function is to secrete lipids and form the lipid layer of the tear film to delay the evaporation of waterborne tears,increase the surface tension of the tear film,and to lubricate the contact area of the eyelid and eyeball.Abnormal secretion of the meibomian gland is known as meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD),which has become the most important cause of evaporative dry eye disease(DED).The clinical pathophysiological process and underlying molecular mechanisms of MGD are not clear.As serious side effects may occur with the long-term use of hormonotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)for the treatment of MGD,meibomian gland physiotherapy is considered the most effective and safest therapy for MGD.This review summarizes the physical therapy modalities of western medicine(WM)and traditiond Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of MGD to provide optimal treatments for these patients and to further lay a foundation for mechanistic studies of MGD.

Hub Genes of Astrocyte Involved in Glaucoma with Ocular Hypertension by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

This study was conducted to elucidate the potential key candidate genes and pathways in role of astrocyte involved in glaucoma with ocular hypertension.Methods Expression profiles GSE2378 and GSE758 including 27 reactive optic nerve head astrocytes(ONHAs)by hypertensions and 26 normal controls,were integrated and deeply analyzed.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were sorted and candidate genes and pathways enrichment were analyzed.DEGs-associated protein-protein interaction network(PPI)was performed.Results A total of 119 consistently expressed genes were identified from 281 commonly changed DEGs,including 68 up-regulated genes and 51 down-regulated genes.PPI network complex filtered 75 DEGs(43 up-regulated and 32 down-regulated genes)of the 119 consistently altered DEGs and developed 117 edges,and 10 hub genes were identified.The most significant 3 modules were filtered from PPI,pathway enrichment analysis showed that module 1 was associated with extracellular exosome.Module 2 was mainly associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)and module 3 was mainly associated with Hippo signaling pathway.Conclusion Taken above,using integrated bioinformatical analysis,we have identified DEGs candidate genes and pathways in role of astrocyte involved in glaucoma with ocular hypertension,which could improve our understanding of the cause and underlying molecular events,and these candidate genes and pathways could be therapeutic targets for glaucoma.

BGIDB:A fundus ground truth building tool with automatic DDLS classification for glaucoma research

Taking advantage of the new standard HTML5,we designed an online tool called a browser/server-based glaucoma image database builder(BGIDB)for the demarcation of the optic disk and cup’s ellipse-like boundaries.The B-spline interpolation algorithm is used,and a specially designed algorithm is proposed for classifying the disease grade according to the disc damage likelihood scale criterion,which is correlated strongly with the glaucoma process by quantity.This tool exhibits the best performance with a low overlapping error of 4.34%for the optic disk demarcation and 8.31%for the optic cup demarcation.It also has preferable time-consuming as compared to other tools and is a cross-platform system.This tool has already been utilized in building the ophthalmic image database in the cooperation of Center for Ophthalmic Imaging Research and The Second Xiangya Hospital.

ACUPUNCTURE AND GLAUCOMA

It is to recognize glaucoma in view of Chinese medicine and synthesize the treatments and mechanisms of acupuncture on glaucoma in the paper. It is indicated in the results that acupuncture plays the importance in lowering ocular tension, improving ocular circulation and protecting optic nerve. Additionally, acupuncture inhibits probably the cellular apoptosis of optic ganglion and provides definite actions on psychological factors of glaucoma. Acupuncture cannot replace operation and medicinal therapy in lowing ocular tension, but their coordinated and auxiliary effects are quite clear and definite.

Metastatic breast cancer to anterior chamber of eye:case report and discussion

Intraocular metastases are the most common malignancies of the eye. Carcinoma of the breast is the most common malignancy to metastasize to the uvea usually posterior uvea. Anterior chamber metastasis is extremely rare. We describe a patient of breast cancer who presented with pain and impaired vision in tight eye 8.5 months after metastasis to bone and other viscera were detected and more than 10 years after her primary disease was diagnosed. Multiple yellowish white deposits were noted scattered in anterior chamber giving rise to symptoms of acute narrow angle glaucoma. Metastatic deposits of duct cell carcinoma cells were found by fine needle aspiration cytology. Patient received local external beam radiotherapy to right eye with moderate improvement in her symptoms. The rare features in this case were clinical presentation of acute glaucoma and anterior chamber as the site of metastasis.

OCULAR BIOMETRY IN ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA AND SENILE CATARACT

senile population Objective To compare ocular biometric values in angle closure glaucoma and cataract in Methods Ocular biometry was performed in eyes classified to have angle closure glaucoma （29 eyes） and senile cataract （31 eyes）. Ocular biometry readings between two groups were compared and analyzed statistically, lntraocular pressure was also recorded before and after lens extraction. Results Anterior chamber depth was shallower in patients with angle closure glaucoma group [ （ 1, 79 ± 0. 56 ） mm ] compared with senile cataract group [ （2.69 ±0. 40） mm ] （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Lens thickness was greater in angle closure glaucoma group [ （5.30 ±0. 61） mm ] than that in senile cataract group [ （3.84 ＋-0. 61） mm ] （ P 〈0. 01）. Phacoemusification was performed in 5 patients with persistent acute attack of angle closure glaucoma, lOPs were controlled in all five cases after lens extraction. Conclusion Eyes with angle closure glaucoma seems to have significantly shallow anterior chamber and greater lens thickness compared to senile cataract eyes in the same age. Lens extraction might be effective in those cases with such anatomy features.

Iris recognition:a biometric method after refractive surgery

Iris recognition,as a biometric method,outperforms others because of its high accuracy. Iris is the visible internal organ of human,so it is stable and very difficult to be altered. But if an eye surgery must be made to some individuals,it may be rejected by iris recognition system as imposters after the surgery,because the iris pattern was altered or damaged somewhat during surgery and cannot match the iris template stored before the surgery. In this paper,we originally discuss whether refractive surgery for vision correction(LASIK surgery) would influence the performance of iris recognition. And experiments are designed and tested on iris images captured especially for this research from patients before and after refractive surgery. Experiments showed that refractive surgery has little influence on iris recognition.

SEQUENTIAL INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN SUSPECTED OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA

Objective To evaluate the variations of intraocular pressure （lOP） in suspected open-angle glaucoma （OAG） patients. Methods The variations of lOP were measured in 216 eyes of suspected OAG patients at 4-hour intervals for 48 h. Based on the results of the serial lOP measurements, optic disc changed and visual field defected, the patients were diagnosed as primary OAG （ POAG ）, normal tension glaucoma （NTG）, ocular hypertension （ OHT） , or physiologic cup （PC）. Results After the serial lOP measurements, 16. 7% of the suspected OAG patients were diagnosed as POAG, 32. 4% as NTG, 24. 5% as OHT, and 26. 4% as PC. The highest percentages of the POAG group had peak lOP at 8 AM （19. 4% ） and their trough lOP at 10 PM （27. 8% ） ; the NTG group had peak lOP at 12 AM （18. 6% ） and their trough lOP at 12 PM （22. 9% ） ; the OHT group had peak lOP at 4 AM （22. 6% ） and their trough lOP at 10 PM （26. 4% ） ; and the PC group had peak lOP at 4 AM （ 21. 1% ） and their trough lOP at 12 PM （ 21. 1% ）. The percentages of peak lOP outside clinic （ 8 AM - 4 PM） in the POAG, NTG, OHT and PC groups were 55. 6%, 50. 0%, 58. 4% and 45. 7%, respectively. The mean magnitude of variance was 5. 1 - 6. 7 mmHg in those suspected OAG patients. There was a strong positive correlation in lOP between both eyes at each time point of measurement and the variation curves of the right and left eyes had parallel profiles in those suspected OAG patients. Conclusion Serial measurement of lOP is still needed, in order not to miss the peak and the trough lOP readings in suspected OAG patients, which helps in better management of glaucoma.

Modified Fisheye Optical System

A design for a fisheye optical system is modified in order to enable IR vision in addition to the visible and UV lighting. The proposed modification goes to replace the optical material of the movable lens by another with less thermal dispersion. The choice of appropriate materials lead to a good focus appeared on the retina for a wide spectral range includes UV, visible, and near IR lighting. Then, the performance of the modified design is verified through some optical measures for imaging quality determinations. These optical measures are determined with the aid of Zemax software, which also used for testing performance of the modified fisheye optical system. The analysis mainly focuses on the energy distribution in the light spot on the focal surface. The results show that the modified design of the fisheye is acceptable.

Trends in Glaucoma Disability in Ukraine

The article represents the glaucoma disability rates in Ukraine and touches upon medical and social aspects of the problem We have screened a data from source medical documents and analyzed the MSEK （Physical Disability Board of Review） statistical reporting data, further used as a basis for calculation of live indices of general and primary disabilities caused by eye diseases, including the ones caused by primary open-angle glaucoma （7.05% and 9.99%, respectively）, the extensive distribution indices of disability by gender （75.74% male）, age （59.29% of II maturity patients）, and a disability group （56% of patients recognized disabled persons of groups I and II）. Our findings indicate a lack of modern science-based approaches to diagnosis, rehabilitation, and socio-medical examination of patients with ophthalmologic pathologies, thus requiring deeper study of this problem.

Evaluation of the Photo-Protection of Eye-Patch Protectors Used in Phototherapy

An evaluation method for the practical photo-protection of eye-patch protectors (EPs) used in phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is developed.The protecting condition of neonatal eyes using EPs under typical phototherapy light is simulated.The simulation system consists of a neonatal head manikin,an International Light ILT 900 wideband rapid portable spectroradiometer,a standard Air Shields Isolette incubator,and a Medela fluorescent phototherapy unit.The results show that the practical protection of neonatal eyes,provided by EPs which are affected by the material characteristic,shape design,and wearing condition,is comprehensively illustrated using the indices of illuminance (Ev in lux unit) and the spectral irradiance (E in μW/(cm2·nm) unit).

Structure-Property Relations in xWO3-0.31P2O5-0.31B2O3-（0.38-x）Cs2O （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.28） Glasses by IR, UV and EPR Spectroscopic Studies

Glasses in the series of xWO3-0.31P2O5-0.31B2O3-（0.38-x）Cs2O （0.01 ≤ x ≤0.28） （G1-G4： x= 0.01, 0.1, 0.19, 0.28） were prepared by sol-gel method. Glassy phase in the samples were ascertained by powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） traces of the samples show glass transition temperature Tg, in the range 247-253 ℃. IR spectra at 300 K of G1-G4 show the presence of [WO6], [WO4], [PO4]^3-, [PO3]^2-, [BO4]^＋, [BO3] units in the glass matrix. Observed electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） lineshapes show two signals with very different intensities which are associated with W^5＋ （5d^1） and Mo^5＋ （4d^1） （impurity） paramagnetic sites. Signal with values ofg factors in the range 1.68 〈 g⊥ 〈 1.72 and 1.58 〈 gⅡ 〈 1.62 are due to W^5＋ ions present in axially distorted octahedral symmetry. The optical absorption spectra show that the W^5＋ ions have pyramidal coordination, involving a tungstyl ion WO^3＋ （C4v symmetry）. EPR and optical studies suggest the existence of blocks of octahedra linked by tungsten clusters.