管理知识资产

假如一家企业想从另一家企业引进一项关键技术，历经波折，输出方终于同意转让这项关键技术，这是否意味着技术引进方从此就可以增强核心能力，从而最终摆脱对输出方的技术依赖?假如您供职于某企业的研发部门或一家研究机构，研究小组的负责人从不真正关心您的知识结构和研究潜质，小组成员彼此间很少充分交流和分享研究心得，您是否还有必要留在这个部门或机构?在互联网技术迅猛发展的今天，

Research on construction knowledge resources framework of real estate enterprises

Many studies have shown that knowledge resources have been the real source of innovation and competitiveness of real estate enterprises. Therefore, it is the basic work to establish the real estate enterprise knowledge resources framework for implementing knowledge management（KM）,and it should be given enough attention. A sort of the real estate enterprise knowledge resources framework system has been built in this paper based on the thought of Clark ＆ Henderson＇s enterprise knowledge classification, and the contents have been analyzed and expounded. Thus, the real estate enterprises can grasp clearly the basic contents of its knowledge resources, then depict the knowledge system, in the end the solid foundation should be settled for implementing knowledge management.

How Product Importance Perception, Need for Cognition and Enduring Involvement Influence Investors＇ Knowledge of Investment Products？

The lack of proper knowledge about investment products can have a large negative influence on the financial well being of investors. Inspire of that, there is a dearth of studies conducted, specifically to investigate the factors influencing the knowledge of investors about investment products. This paper propose a model and investigates the direct and indirect （mediated through investor＇s enduring involvement with product） influence of investor＇s product importance perception （PIP） and need for cognition （NFC） on investor＇s knowledge of investment products. The hypothesized relationship is empirically validated in the context of mutual fund schemes （MFs）. Survey conducted on the sample of 268 MF investors suggests that there is an insignificant direct influence of investor＇s PIP and NFC on investor＇s knowledge of investment product （KIP）. However, when mediated through enduring involvement with product （EIP）, the influence was found to be significant. The results suggest that EIP perfectly mediates the influence of PIP and NFC on investor＇s KIP. The relevance of the results to the policy makers is also discussed.

Intellectual Property Rights on Plant Genetic Resources:Perspective from Economics

Given the existence of transaction costs,the location of property rights is an important factor in determining the incentives for efficient levels of investment at various levels of the industry.This paper applies some of the economic theories of property rights and industrial structure to the issues concerning the conservation of biodiversity.Although the expansion of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) systems into the area of genetic resources has increased private investment in R&D process of the agriculture,it does not generate enough incentives for in situ conservation of biodiversity.To solve this economic inefficiency,farmers'rights and other design of incentives and institutional arrangement should be reconsidered.

How Financial Knowledge Affect Household Wealth

This paper is based on the research conducted in Shanghai. We use Probit model empirically analysis how tinanclal hteracy affect household wealth. The results are as follows： financial literacy does have positive effects on household financial wealth and debt, but do not have significant effect on fixed wealth. Age growth, household income growth, self-owned house and seeking for financial consultant will significantly boost household wealth. Moreover, consumer＇ s self-confidence and risk aversion have positive effects on both fixed and financial assets, but do not have significant effect on debt.

Fhe Future of TRIPS and the Trade in Genetic Resources

Since its entry into the WTO ten years ago, China has been increasingly involved in building new rules to make multilateral trading systems more development- oriented. In the past decade, both developing and developed WTO member nations have debated whether the TRIPS agreement should expand its definition to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge. This article argues that although the genetic resources-based market is huge, developing countries have benefited little from it. Specifically, the current market mechanism and system provide little incentive to developing countries to protect biodiversity. Expanding TRIPS to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge can make multilateral trade fairer and more balanced and will enable developing members to better protect biodiversity.

Enhancing Innovation Through Intellectual Capital： A Theoretical Overview

Innovation is one of the main drivers of economic development. In the knowledge economy era, the quickness of technological developments and globalization has changed the structure of business world. Consequently, this situation creates opportunities and also threats for companies. Companies should attach importance to innovation in order to maintain sustainable growth and gain competitive advantage. According to Barsky and Marchat （2000） in the new economy the value of a company is not found with its tangible assets, revenues, financial ratios or market share, but with its intellectual capital, organizational culture, customer loyalty and brand equity. According to resource-based view of the company; the resources are fundamental factors of competitiveness and performance. These resources are regarded as strategic assets, which include tangible and intangible assets. Intellectual capital which is becoming one of the important commercial assets of the 21 st century is a way of describing a company＇s intangible assets that are vital for company success. Intellectual capital consists of human capital, relational capital and structural capital. Intellectual capital which is a core strategical resource of a company is playing a crucial role in a company＇s innovation performance. This study attempts to analyze the interrelationships between intellectual capital and innovation in the context of resource-based view of the company. This study also focuses in particular on the effects of human capital, relational capital and structural capital which are the components of intellectual capital, on innovation by integrating the relevant theoretical and empirical evidence.

Intellectual capital and value creation in the production and assembly of vehicles and auto-parts sector in Brazil： A panel data analysis

This work investigates the relationship between intellectual capital and value creation in the sector of production and assembly of vehicles and auto-parts in Brazil. Through the access of the database from the annual industrial research conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, we gathered 865 observations, from 2000 to 2006, of public and private Brazilian companies with more than 100 employees. The database allows the estimate of relevant aggregated variables such as national accounts, gross domestic product, intermediate consumption, as well as propitiates a sectorial study of business strategies and performance, including value added by individual companies. In particular, in this study we use data on variables associated to intellectual capital. To achieve the goal of the study, we consider intellectual capital as defined by Pulic （2000, 2002）, including human capital and structural capital. For the analysis of business performance, we used Pulic＇s VAIC （Value Added Intellectual Cofficient） index as a measure of efficiency of the employed financial and intellectual capital. Regression models were run to verify the relationship among the efficiency in the use of intellectual capital and the profitability of Brazilian companies. The gross income, calculated as before selling, general and administrative expenses, depreciation expenses, amortization and interest expenses, was used as measure of the flows of value creation and the profitability was measured by the gross income to the total assets of the companies. Considering the constructs defined by Pulic （2000, 2002）, we tested, for the Brazilian sector of Production and Assembly of Vehicles and Auto-parts, the following hypotheses： （l） there is a positive relationship between value creation and intellectual capital, （2） there is a positive relationship between value creation and stock of intellectual capital, （3） there is a positive relationship between value creation and efficiency of the employed capital, （4） there is a positive relationship between value creation and efficiency of the human capital, （5） there is a positive relationship between value creation and efficiency of the structural capital. The results of the study, obtained through panel data analysis and through the use static and dynamic models, support the hypotheses that the intellectual capital of the companies, in its flow and stock dimensions, is positively and significantly related to value creation.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Strategies for Scaling-Up Jatropha curcas （L.） Production in Ghana

Jatropha curcas （L） has gained popularity as a biodiesel plant to serve as an alternative fuel source and generate income to small landholders. From the Bioenergy policy of Ghana, the government is collaborating with the private sector to develop about one million hectares of Jatropha plantation throughout the country. The objective of this study was to assess the importance which farmers give to ,Jcurcas compared with other indigenous tree species and identify the indigenous uses and niches of J. curcas in Ghana. Three farming communities were selected from each of the ten regions. A total of six hundred farmers, consisting of twenty farmers from each community were selected at random and interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that J curcas was identified as one of the most important tree species in nine out of the ten regions. Majority （56%） of the respondents indicated that it is mainly used for medicinal purpose and mostly found around homesteads. However. the study observed that, research attention is needed on integration into agricultural lands, germplasm collection and genetic improvement. These findings will help boost production ofJ. curcas in Ghana for the nation to realize her dream of alternative fuel from the plant.

Multiple Attributes and Research Paradigms of Intellectual Property Rights

Among the multifarious systems of civil law rights, intellectual property rights （IPR） score relatively high in terms of scientific and technological content and knowledge factors. It is generally accepted that copyright occurs in the realm of cultural creation, and is closely related to cultural innovation and the culture industry; patent rights arise in the field of technical applications, and are closely allied with technical innovation and the technology industry; and trademarks function in the area of business operations and involve a number of issues such as product sales and market trading. In the knowledge-based economy, the implementation of an IPR system can have a profound impact on a country＇s economic development, technological progress, and cultural and educational prosperity. And in the context of economic globalization, IPR protection also involves international politics and trade as well as cultural and technological exchanges and cooperation between countries.It is therefore both important and necessary for us to explore the attributes of IPR from the perspective of civil law, and to examine the functions of IPR from the multiple perspectives of human rights theories, economics, management and policy science. This helps us reveal the basic meaning of intellectual property rights from different disciplinary perspectives, and to maintain problem orientation and methodological openness in IPR research.

Functional knowledge integration of the design process

Functional knowledge integration is the initial and core phase of a design process. It is the key phase to ensure that the functional requirement of the design product can be appropriately complied with, and its result is also the rudiment of the subsequent detailed design work. If this important phase can be supported by an increasingly distributed resource environment, and be automated such that its completion requires less manual work, the efficiency of the design process would be largely improved and its ability to promote innovation would be enhanced. Therefore, this study involved a detailed analysis of the functional knowledge integration of the design process, as well as the proposal of a corresponding running model. Based on the model, a computational algorithm and an evaluating method were established to automate functional knowledge integration. A corresponding computer program was developed to prove the feasibility of this approach, and it was used to design a solarpowered wiper blade.