引导中学生走人类社会发展必由之路——从事《社会发展史》编写经历与人生感悟

在简要回顾编写《社会发展史》工作的基础上，文章指出，以人类社会发展历史的规律教育中学生，就必须理论联系实际地与现实条件、现实道路、现实任务相结合，其重点是通俗、初步地教育引导学生正确认识世界和中国发展大势，从我们党探索中国特色社会主义历史发展和伟大实践中，认识和把握人类社会发展的历史必然性，认识和把握中国特色社会主义的历史必然性，不断树立为共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想而奋斗的信念和信心。

对生产方式的再认识

马克思的唯物史观说明人类社会经历了五种生产方式，即：原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会、社会主义社会。前三种已经历完了，后两种正在实践。对后两种生产方式发展规律的认识，我是逐步深入的，上个世纪五十年代学《社会发展史》时，对资本主义生产方式十分憎恨认为它是万恶之源、贫困之根，恨不得马上把它消灭。可是半个多世纪的实践说明，资本主义生产方式是腐朽的，但也有活力向上的一面，如瑞典，

Marxism and the Subsidy Period in Vietnam （1975-1986）

Marxism was spread into Vietnam by patriotic intellectuals from the 20s of the 20th century and still exists until today. The presence of Marxism in Vietnam through such a long history is enough to prove its importmlce and strong influence in the socio-political life of Vietnam. First of all, Marxism is closely related to the movement of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam from the 20s to the mid 70s of the 20th century： Marxism, with its outright revolutionary nature, had most adequately and effectively met the urgent needs of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam at that time, and at the same time evoked the fierce belief of patriotic revolutionists in a noble ideal--tJle ideal of communist society, and encouraged them to devote themselves to national liberation revolutions. It can be said that Marxism has become the soul of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam; hence, the victory of such revolutions in the mid 70s of the 20th century is also the victory of Marxism in an Eastern country that was very obsolete then. Furthermore, Marxism is also associated with the reforming of old society and building of new society--the socialist society in Vietnam： after winning national independence and unification for the country in the mid-70s of the 20th century, Vietnamese patriotic revolutionists posed the question of＂What new model of society should be built in Vietnam to match the country＇s history context？＂ This question is not only related to the fate of of everyone, but also related to the fate of Vietnamese people as a whole. Marxism had brought to patriotic revolutionists and all Vietnamese people a very clear answer： the socialist society （the first phase of communist society）, where there will no longer be capitalist ownership, no people exploiting people, no rich and poor, from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs, all resources are of common ownership, etc Thus, from 1975 to 1986 （the subsidy period in Vietnam）, the Communist Party of Vietnam had led the people to begin reforming the old society and building new one nationwide with a very happy attitude and a strong belief in the future of socialist society. However, only when embarking on the construction of a new society did our party notice that the realization of an ideal model of society according to Marxism in an obsolete country which had just been out of wax like Vietnam （without any initial material premises, except a political party of the working class and labor population--the Communist Party of Vietnam） is a very difficult job. Therefore, the construction of socialist society in Vietnam in the early stage, from 1975 to 1986, ended in a severe social-economic crisis. Thus, Marxism had capitalized on its strengths in national liberation revolutions in Vietnam, helping Vietnamese people to be free from the domination of colonial counties and empires, but it also had adverse impacts on the reforming of old society and building of new society, which was reflected in the socioeconomic crisis in Vietnam during the 1975-1986 period. Here, the questions to be posed are,＂Has Marxism ended its historic mission for Vietnamese people？＂, or ＂How should Marxism be adjusted to be appropriate to the new historical context of Vietnam？＂ and ＂If such adjustments are needed, what will the prospects of Marxism in Vietnam be like？＂ This article will focus on answering those questions

Institutionalized Power and Pederasty in the Ancient and Medieval South Asia -A Study of Literary Evidences of Love, Lust, and Violence Against Men

Even if the act of pederasty is considered as a heinous crime, if we look into the ancient South Asian history, we will find evidences where pederasty has been widely a common practice. The folk-tales, literature, music, and other cultural evidences of ancient South Asia provide us numerous references of institutionalized pederasty. This research will investigate on the causes and effects of pederasty of ancient South Asia and will probe into the matter how this necessitated the minors to lem-n about sexuality

The Way of the Social and Economic Development of China An Attempt of Historical and Synthetic Representation

The issue of social and economic development is an important part of theoretical and empirical research of the contemporary economy. China is an example of an economy which in a short period of time achieved success within this scope. Therefore it seems to be justified to draw the reader＇s attention to the factors and determinants which may be regarded as the key ones for the economy of China, both in the period of 1949-1978, namely, in the period of real socialism, and in the period after 1978, so-called ＂socialist market economy＂ to date. On the basis of an analysis of Polish and foreign reference sources and source materials, the author tried to trace both similarities and differences in China＇s economic development over those two periods, first of all paying attention to the Chinese authorities＇ pragmatism of governing in the other period, accompanied by limiting ideological influences. Maintaining the socialist system, in that period China worked out its own, specific principles, and rules of internal activities and activities in the international arena, which enabled to it the creation of a model, especially for developing countries, the system of economic planning and programming, its constant modernization during the implementation of economic tasks, with the consideration given to changing conditionings in the world economy. It was pointed out that with maintaining the laboriousness of the Chinese and their loyalty to authority, they make up China＇s economic power. The aim of the article is to pay special attention to the circumstances, phenomena, conditionings, and factors which occurred on the way to the social and economic development of China, which enabled it to achieve the economic success in a relatively short period of time. This success can be expressed by such indicators as for instance the poverty rate, the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, the value of export, and the value of foreign direct investment as well as other factors.

坚守信念 与时俱进

新中国成立之初．我尚在家乡的初中求学。1950年的一天，父亲从他工作单位带回几本“干部必读”的政治读物，出于好奇，我翻开其中的《社会发展史》读了起来，却陷入了云里雾里，看不懂什么意思，但留下一点较深的印象。由于书中多次出现“家庭、私有制和国家的起源”这样的话语，似懂非懂，误以为这是一个原理：家庭是私有制和国家的起源。直到多年之后，才知道这原来是恩格斯一本著作的书名。我与马克思主义的最初接触，就是在这样的场景下开始的。