[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of sunflower artificial aging on seed vigor and physiological characteristics.[Method] The varieties of seed germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigo...[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of sunflower artificial aging on seed vigor and physiological characteristics.[Method] The varieties of seed germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,peroxidase（POD） activity,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content for four sunflower germplasms such as＇SunM20＇,＇Deep Purple Minle＇,＇Da San Kui Hua 4＇and＇Ji Kui 24＇were studied under high temperature and high humidity conditions（100% RH,45 ℃） for different days（0 d,2 d,4 d,6 d,8 d,10 d）.[Result]The result showed that the germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,POD activity,SOD activity declined gradually with the increase of seed aging days,whereas MDA content enhanced by degrees;The diggerences of resistance to artifical aging existed among the four accessions,＇SunM20＇was the most resistant one,and exhibited the strongest seed vigor,highest activities of two protective enzyme（POD,SOD） and lowest content of MDA at the uniform condition,moreover,the seed vigor and protective enzyme activities of＇SunM20＇changed slowest among the four materials during the aging process.[Conclusion]The distinct reduction of POD,SOD activities maybe the main reasons for the decrease of sunflower seed vigor at the artificial aging,and the gradual accumulation of a few MDA accelerated seeds aging.展开更多
This study was carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of boron （0, 300 and 600 ppm B） as boric acid （H3BO3, 17% B...This study was carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of boron （0, 300 and 600 ppm B） as boric acid （H3BO3, 17% B） on the yield and yield components and also the seed quality of two sunflower cultivars （Sakha-53 and Giza-102）. B application at a rate of 600 ppm produced the highest values of seed yield/plant （g）, head diameter （cm）, number of seeds/head, weight of 1,000 seed （g）, percentage of oil （%） and oil yield/plant （g） of both cultivars. Seed yield/plant increased by 26.85% and 34.81% with increasing B concentration from 300 ppm and 600 ppm as compared to control plants, respectively. The results indicated that application of 300 ppm B resulted in an increase of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids as compared to the treatment with 600 ppm B and control plants. However, the linoleic acid increased gradually with increasing B up to 600 ppm. Such increases were estimated by 8.72% and 7.19% over the control plants or the treatment sprayed with 300 ppm B, respectively. The highest oleic and linoleic acids percentages （52.71% and 36.05%, respectively） were obtained from Sakha-53 cultivar with 300 ppm B foliar application, while the lowest lenolenic acid percentage （2.01%） was obtained at 600 ppm B. The highest content of gluatmine, isoleucine and arginine （9.61, 3.97 and 3.97 mg/100 g dry weight） was obtained from Sakha-53 cultivar, followed by Giza-102 at a rate of 600 ppm foliar application of B. It can be concluded that B plays a vital role for increasing the productivity and quality of sunflower plants, especially when grown under B deficient soil.展开更多
RAPDs and AFLPs were used to determine the genetic relationships among 23 elite cultivars of confectionary sunflowers (Helianthas annuus) from different districts in China. Both approaches uniquely fingerprint each of...RAPDs and AFLPs were used to determine the genetic relationships among 23 elite cultivars of confectionary sunflowers (Helianthas annuus) from different districts in China. Both approaches uniquely fingerprint each of the accessions. Twenty-six RAPD primers resulted in a total of 192 strong DNA fragments, ranging from 0.26 kb to 1.98 kb, among which 165 (86.12%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA band produced by each primer was 7.38. A total of 576 AFLP markers were produced with 8 primer combinations, ranging from 100 bp to 500 bp, and 341 polymorphic bands (59.20%) were revealed. The polymorphism rate was 76.00% and the average bands amplified by per primer combination were 72. Effective number of alleles per locus of RAPD marker (1.76) was larger than that of the AFLP marker (1.65). The mean PIC value of AFLP markers (0.38) was lower than that of the RAPD markers (0.41), but AFLP marker had much higher Ai value (38.52) than RAPD marker (6.38). Genetic similarities from RAPD data ranged from 47.84% to 82.06% and the average Nei's coefficient was 0.649 5; the Nei's coefficient of similarity from AFLP data ranged from 54.15% to 83.52%, and the average Nei's coefficient was 0.688 4. However, standard deviation (SD) of RAPDs was 0.13 but the SD of AFLPs was 0.08. In general, the RAPD data gave lower similarity values and higher SD values than those based on the AFLP analysis. The correlation coefficient between the two genetic similarity matrices was 0.51, revealing the estimations of genetic relationship provided by the two marker systems were only moderate. However, cluster analyses of RAPD or AFLP data divided the 23 sunflower genotypes into identical 3 groups.展开更多
This study aimed to induce callus from three sunflower （Helianthus annulus L.） hybrids, namely Anna, Alhaja and Kuds, and to evaluate their callus for salt stress tolerance. Cotyledons and hypocotyl were taken from ...This study aimed to induce callus from three sunflower （Helianthus annulus L.） hybrids, namely Anna, Alhaja and Kuds, and to evaluate their callus for salt stress tolerance. Cotyledons and hypocotyl were taken from seedling of these hybrids and cultured on MS media contained 2,4-D （0,0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L） and kinetin （0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L）. The cultures incubated at 25 ＋ I^C under light condition （1,000 Lux） for 16 h/day. After 6 weeks observations were taken on the response of cotyledons and hypocotyl to callus induction. The induced callus were cultured on the same MS media that contained appropriate concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin for callus induction as well as contained various concentration of sodium chloride NaCI （0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%）. After six weeks callus fresh and dry weights, proline and total carbohydrates concentrations were measured. The results showed significant differences among the hybrids, explants, 2,4-D and kinetin concentration and significant interaction between them in their percentage response for callus induction. The results also revealed that fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced with increased NaCI concentration in the medium, hybrids showed significant differences in their response to salt stress. Proline and total carbohydrate concentration increased in callus as NaCI increased in the media. Significant interaction was showed between hybrids and NaCI concentration in these parameters.展开更多
Confectionery sunflower hybrid breeding program started at VNIIMK in 1999. Aim of our study was to evaluate sunflower lines and hybrids, developed in this program. Best restorer lines were crossed with two lines with ...Confectionery sunflower hybrid breeding program started at VNIIMK in 1999. Aim of our study was to evaluate sunflower lines and hybrids, developed in this program. Best restorer lines were crossed with two lines with cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS-lines） used as testers. Hybrids were tested for seed yield, husk content and 1,000 seeds weight. Two-year hybrid trial allows us to define the most prominent hybrid combination （VK-905 A ~ K-4） and parental lines （CMS-line VK-905 A and restorer lines K-4, K-3 and K-I） for the future sunflower breeding work. It was further showed that confectionery hybrids with CMS-line VK-905 A do not show decrease in seed size with the increase in plant density.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture content, size and loading orientation on mechanical properties such as force, deformation and energy absorbed per unit volume for fracturing Irania...The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture content, size and loading orientation on mechanical properties such as force, deformation and energy absorbed per unit volume for fracturing Iranian sunflower seed and its kernel （Azargol as a case study） under quasi-static loading. Sunflower seeds and their kernels were quasi-statically loaded in horizontal and vertical orientations with moisture content in three levels： 3%, 7% and 14%, and size category in three levels： small, medium and large. The obtained results showed that rupture force for both sunflower seed and its kernel decreased with increasing moisture content while the absorbed energy and deformation at rupture point increased for all size categories in both horizontal and vertical loading orientations. Also, seeds in the vertical orientation developed hull cracks at a higher level of force than those loaded in the horizontal orientation. However, for the kernels it was the opposite. In addition, the average forces required to cause kernel rupture were lower （11.64-39.9 N） than those required to rupture the seed （30.06-117.46 N） in both orientations. Seeds loaded in a vertical orientation absorbed more energy （87.67 mJ） prior to rupture than those loaded in the horizontal （46.60 mJ） orientation. However, for the kernels it was the opposite.展开更多
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of sunflower artificial aging on seed vigor and physiological characteristics.[Method] The varieties of seed germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,peroxidase（POD） activity,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content for four sunflower germplasms such as＇SunM20＇,＇Deep Purple Minle＇,＇Da San Kui Hua 4＇and＇Ji Kui 24＇were studied under high temperature and high humidity conditions（100% RH,45 ℃） for different days（0 d,2 d,4 d,6 d,8 d,10 d）.[Result]The result showed that the germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,POD activity,SOD activity declined gradually with the increase of seed aging days,whereas MDA content enhanced by degrees;The diggerences of resistance to artifical aging existed among the four accessions,＇SunM20＇was the most resistant one,and exhibited the strongest seed vigor,highest activities of two protective enzyme（POD,SOD） and lowest content of MDA at the uniform condition,moreover,the seed vigor and protective enzyme activities of＇SunM20＇changed slowest among the four materials during the aging process.[Conclusion]The distinct reduction of POD,SOD activities maybe the main reasons for the decrease of sunflower seed vigor at the artificial aging,and the gradual accumulation of a few MDA accelerated seeds aging.
文摘This study was carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of boron （0, 300 and 600 ppm B） as boric acid （H3BO3, 17% B） on the yield and yield components and also the seed quality of two sunflower cultivars （Sakha-53 and Giza-102）. B application at a rate of 600 ppm produced the highest values of seed yield/plant （g）, head diameter （cm）, number of seeds/head, weight of 1,000 seed （g）, percentage of oil （%） and oil yield/plant （g） of both cultivars. Seed yield/plant increased by 26.85% and 34.81% with increasing B concentration from 300 ppm and 600 ppm as compared to control plants, respectively. The results indicated that application of 300 ppm B resulted in an increase of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids as compared to the treatment with 600 ppm B and control plants. However, the linoleic acid increased gradually with increasing B up to 600 ppm. Such increases were estimated by 8.72% and 7.19% over the control plants or the treatment sprayed with 300 ppm B, respectively. The highest oleic and linoleic acids percentages （52.71% and 36.05%, respectively） were obtained from Sakha-53 cultivar with 300 ppm B foliar application, while the lowest lenolenic acid percentage （2.01%） was obtained at 600 ppm B. The highest content of gluatmine, isoleucine and arginine （9.61, 3.97 and 3.97 mg/100 g dry weight） was obtained from Sakha-53 cultivar, followed by Giza-102 at a rate of 600 ppm foliar application of B. It can be concluded that B plays a vital role for increasing the productivity and quality of sunflower plants, especially when grown under B deficient soil.
文摘RAPDs and AFLPs were used to determine the genetic relationships among 23 elite cultivars of confectionary sunflowers (Helianthas annuus) from different districts in China. Both approaches uniquely fingerprint each of the accessions. Twenty-six RAPD primers resulted in a total of 192 strong DNA fragments, ranging from 0.26 kb to 1.98 kb, among which 165 (86.12%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA band produced by each primer was 7.38. A total of 576 AFLP markers were produced with 8 primer combinations, ranging from 100 bp to 500 bp, and 341 polymorphic bands (59.20%) were revealed. The polymorphism rate was 76.00% and the average bands amplified by per primer combination were 72. Effective number of alleles per locus of RAPD marker (1.76) was larger than that of the AFLP marker (1.65). The mean PIC value of AFLP markers (0.38) was lower than that of the RAPD markers (0.41), but AFLP marker had much higher Ai value (38.52) than RAPD marker (6.38). Genetic similarities from RAPD data ranged from 47.84% to 82.06% and the average Nei's coefficient was 0.649 5; the Nei's coefficient of similarity from AFLP data ranged from 54.15% to 83.52%, and the average Nei's coefficient was 0.688 4. However, standard deviation (SD) of RAPDs was 0.13 but the SD of AFLPs was 0.08. In general, the RAPD data gave lower similarity values and higher SD values than those based on the AFLP analysis. The correlation coefficient between the two genetic similarity matrices was 0.51, revealing the estimations of genetic relationship provided by the two marker systems were only moderate. However, cluster analyses of RAPD or AFLP data divided the 23 sunflower genotypes into identical 3 groups.
文摘This study aimed to induce callus from three sunflower （Helianthus annulus L.） hybrids, namely Anna, Alhaja and Kuds, and to evaluate their callus for salt stress tolerance. Cotyledons and hypocotyl were taken from seedling of these hybrids and cultured on MS media contained 2,4-D （0,0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L） and kinetin （0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L）. The cultures incubated at 25 ＋ I^C under light condition （1,000 Lux） for 16 h/day. After 6 weeks observations were taken on the response of cotyledons and hypocotyl to callus induction. The induced callus were cultured on the same MS media that contained appropriate concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin for callus induction as well as contained various concentration of sodium chloride NaCI （0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%）. After six weeks callus fresh and dry weights, proline and total carbohydrates concentrations were measured. The results showed significant differences among the hybrids, explants, 2,4-D and kinetin concentration and significant interaction between them in their percentage response for callus induction. The results also revealed that fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced with increased NaCI concentration in the medium, hybrids showed significant differences in their response to salt stress. Proline and total carbohydrate concentration increased in callus as NaCI increased in the media. Significant interaction was showed between hybrids and NaCI concentration in these parameters.
文摘Confectionery sunflower hybrid breeding program started at VNIIMK in 1999. Aim of our study was to evaluate sunflower lines and hybrids, developed in this program. Best restorer lines were crossed with two lines with cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS-lines） used as testers. Hybrids were tested for seed yield, husk content and 1,000 seeds weight. Two-year hybrid trial allows us to define the most prominent hybrid combination （VK-905 A ~ K-4） and parental lines （CMS-line VK-905 A and restorer lines K-4, K-3 and K-I） for the future sunflower breeding work. It was further showed that confectionery hybrids with CMS-line VK-905 A do not show decrease in seed size with the increase in plant density.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture content, size and loading orientation on mechanical properties such as force, deformation and energy absorbed per unit volume for fracturing Iranian sunflower seed and its kernel （Azargol as a case study） under quasi-static loading. Sunflower seeds and their kernels were quasi-statically loaded in horizontal and vertical orientations with moisture content in three levels： 3%, 7% and 14%, and size category in three levels： small, medium and large. The obtained results showed that rupture force for both sunflower seed and its kernel decreased with increasing moisture content while the absorbed energy and deformation at rupture point increased for all size categories in both horizontal and vertical loading orientations. Also, seeds in the vertical orientation developed hull cracks at a higher level of force than those loaded in the horizontal orientation. However, for the kernels it was the opposite. In addition, the average forces required to cause kernel rupture were lower （11.64-39.9 N） than those required to rupture the seed （30.06-117.46 N） in both orientations. Seeds loaded in a vertical orientation absorbed more energy （87.67 mJ） prior to rupture than those loaded in the horizontal （46.60 mJ） orientation. However, for the kernels it was the opposite.
