Facing serious environmental problems,governments and manufacturers are taking action to reduce carbon emissions.Among these endeavors,carbon tax policy are widely adopted by governments,and trade-old-for-new(TON)and ...Facing serious environmental problems,governments and manufacturers are taking action to reduce carbon emissions.Among these endeavors,carbon tax policy are widely adopted by governments,and trade-old-for-new(TON)and trade-old-for-remanufactured(TOR)are offered by manufacturers and subsidized by governments.To explore the effects of remanufacturer competition and carbon tax on the manufacturer’s TON and TOR decisions and the environment,we formulate three profit maximization models and present some theoretical and numerical analyses.The results show that,under the remanufacturer competition and carbon tax,the manufacturer’s optimal price and production decisions mainly depend on consumer willingness and carbon tax rate.A higher consumer willingness to manufacturer’s remanufactured products will decrease the demand for the manufacturer’s TON,but it always increases the demand for the manufacturer’s TOR.A higher consumer willingness to remanufacturer’s products will not affect the demand for the manufacturer’s TON;however,it will reduce the demand for manufacturer’s TOR.In addition,we find that a higher carbon tax rate always reduces total carbon emission reduction,and that it may increase the manufacturer’s profit due to the increase in TOR demand.展开更多
The panel dataset which covered the socio-economic data of 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous region） in China from 2000-2007 was used to do empirical analysis on the effect of abolishing agricultural taxes...The panel dataset which covered the socio-economic data of 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous region） in China from 2000-2007 was used to do empirical analysis on the effect of abolishing agricultural taxes on farmers＇ income by referring to the fixed effect estimation method. It found that the abolition of agricultural taxes increased farmer＇s net income per capita by 2%. Combining with the results of empirical analysis, related policy suggestions were put forward to increase farmers＇ income.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71973001).
文摘Facing serious environmental problems,governments and manufacturers are taking action to reduce carbon emissions.Among these endeavors,carbon tax policy are widely adopted by governments,and trade-old-for-new(TON)and trade-old-for-remanufactured(TOR)are offered by manufacturers and subsidized by governments.To explore the effects of remanufacturer competition and carbon tax on the manufacturer’s TON and TOR decisions and the environment,we formulate three profit maximization models and present some theoretical and numerical analyses.The results show that,under the remanufacturer competition and carbon tax,the manufacturer’s optimal price and production decisions mainly depend on consumer willingness and carbon tax rate.A higher consumer willingness to manufacturer’s remanufactured products will decrease the demand for the manufacturer’s TON,but it always increases the demand for the manufacturer’s TOR.A higher consumer willingness to remanufacturer’s products will not affect the demand for the manufacturer’s TON;however,it will reduce the demand for manufacturer’s TOR.In addition,we find that a higher carbon tax rate always reduces total carbon emission reduction,and that it may increase the manufacturer’s profit due to the increase in TOR demand.
文摘The panel dataset which covered the socio-economic data of 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous region） in China from 2000-2007 was used to do empirical analysis on the effect of abolishing agricultural taxes on farmers＇ income by referring to the fixed effect estimation method. It found that the abolition of agricultural taxes increased farmer＇s net income per capita by 2%. Combining with the results of empirical analysis, related policy suggestions were put forward to increase farmers＇ income.
