论冰心重庆时期小说《空屋》

《空屋》既是冰心重庆时期创作发表的唯一小说,也是研究者关注较少、尚无专门研究论文的一篇小说。从空间时间、显示隐藏、对比照应三方面对它展开分析,将会发现:小说将理想与爱情悲剧故事发生的特定情境空间设置在空屋所在的山上,直到外部信息与外在人物的干扰,才造成他们的幻想破灭、爱情悲剧;小说按照时间顺序,先后运用了回叙、插叙、简叙、叙述来展现季节循环的时间周期性延续发展。小说的时空转换、意境象征、主题思想等显得摇曳多姿,可以多元阐释。

空屋

临场拍脑袋,企盼急智来。任尔敲破门,屋空最无奈。Notes:1.pate 脑袋 2.knock as you please 随你怎么敲(门)[评析] 这是Alexander Pope的一首警句式英雄双行体诗,抑扬格,五音步,两行同韵。

空屋

长沙坡子街。镜头掠过这条由鞋店秤店寿服店戏服店槟榔店炒货店火宫殿等等串连起来的充满浓郁的地域色彩的老街。画面停留在一扇红漆院门上。门开了,出现一个小院子,一间小屋子。这里,布满灰尘,洒满落叶。看得出,这是间空屋,好久没人居住。

迟子建小说的叙事伦理表达——以《空色林澡屋》为中心的考察

迟子建的小说具有独特的叙事伦理,《空色林澡屋》是典型代表。小说落笔真实自然,揉进生命的感悟,思考社会、伦理、自然的共融,歌颂美与善。迟子建在小说创作中,以惩恶扬善、打破人性二元对立模式、尊崇个体生命和爱的力量作为伦理叙事途径,将底层写作、婚恋叙事、动物写作作为伦理叙事主题,以实现诠释生命本真、维护生命尊严、遏制恶意滋生的叙事伦理目标。

论迟子建《空色林澡屋》的深层意义

迟子建2016年的中篇小说《空色林澡屋》结构复杂、内蕴丰富,小说采用了"套中套"的叙述模式,用"真"与"假"的二元对立,阐释了"真实"与"虚假"的复杂关系;"沐浴"主题在当下浮躁社会中显现了精神净化和超脱的象征意义;皂娘"善良母神"形象的确立,对当今女性选择人生道路赋有启示意义。

空山结屋图

此图画山石坡树，溪流小桥。山间水边树下，散布屋舍房字，其中一屋内有二人对坐而谈。干笔皴擦，萧疏有致，一派高旷清幽之景。此图布局工整，树石刻画精微，设色淡雅。

空屋

1 清晨五点半，那个女孩子一如往常般地出现。这是我这个星期以来第二次看到她。

《空色林澡屋》的叙事解读

《空色林澡屋》是当代作家迟子建的中篇小说,作者以高妙的叙事手法将宏大的叙事格局浓缩在仅有的篇幅中,厚实饱满、条理清晰地讲述了关于空色林澡屋的故事。本文以叙事学角度解读小说叙事的巧妙之处。

Coupling mechanism of roof and supporting wall in gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized mining with gangue backfilling

We analyzed the deformation characteristics of overlying stratum in backfilling with fully-mechanized and retaining roadways along the gob area coal mining technology, and established a mechanical model for the roof key stratum of retaining roadways along gob under the conditions of backfilling and fully- mechanized coal mining technology. Using Winkler elastic foundation theory, we analyzed a part of the key stratum under the action of elastic foundation coupling problem, and derived deflection analyt- ical expressions. Combined with specific conditions, we obtained the deflection curves for the roof key stratum of retaining roadways along gob under the conditions of backfilling and fully-mechanized coal mining technology. On this basis, we adopted the Coulomb's earth pressure theory to solve the problem of lateral pressure of the gangue filling area on the supporting wall beside the roadway and to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable selection of the distance between gangue concrete wall and roof and fur- ther discussion on the supporting stability of roadway.

Analysis on stability of pillar and stiff roof system in the gob area

Based on the open stope method,the stability of the gob area was decided bypillars and stiff roof.Therefore,it was dispensable to leave pillars with long-term strengthand enough size to support the stiff roof during mining activities.Based on the miningconditions of Baixiang wollastonite mine in Changxing County of Zhejiang,while consideringpillars with different shape,irregular size,and distribution,the load imposed on the pillarswas analyzed,and the safety coefficient was calculated in order to determine theirsupport status.The strength of stiff roof was calculated by means of analytical solution-theory of rectangle thin plate rested on elastic foundation.The system stability ofpillar and stiff roof was analyzed according to the proportion of the total cross section areaof pillars to the stiff roof area above the mined area.

Spatial Distribution of Internal Temperatures in a LGR （Light Green Roof） for Brazilian Tropical Weather

This article aims to assess the spatial distribution of the IST （internal surface temperatures） in the ceiling and DBT （dry bulb temperatures） of a LGR （light green roof） in a test cell. Cover systems known as green roofs have the potential to retain rainwater and help reduce runoff. However, the characteristic considered in this work is the insulation capacity of this kind of coverage. To evaluate the spatial distribution of temperatures in an environment with light green roof, we proposed a new method for acquisition of series of climatological data and temperatures according to spatial and temporal approaches of dynamic climatology. Climatological data were provided by an automatic weather station and temperatures were collected in a test cell with light green roof. The spatial distribution of surface temperatures and internal air temperature （DBT） are based on the concepts of a climatic episode and typical experimental day from the study of the dynamic climatology. The results led to the conclusion that the light green roof has a balanced spatial distribution of the IST and of the internal air temperature （DBT）, i.e., without substantial variations over the day. The new methodology also showed the importance of specifying the location of the sensors and automatic weather station in experimental studies on the thermal behaviour of buildings.

Space for Hygiene in Housing Architecture

In this paper, the author focuses on spaces used for personal hygiene--the bathroom. The paper begins with a description of the hygienic movement in the late 19th century. At that time, urinating took place in semi-public spaces outside the dwelling. Today, the WC has moved well into the dwelling, and in many dwellings, the bathroom has developed as the most private space. Thus, the bathroom can be regarded as the last domain of privacy in today＇s housing, and in a number of new dwellings this quality is exploited in new ways. The development of ＂space for hygiene＂ in the 20th century will be studied by analyzing the spatial organization of dwellings.

Consumption and species preference for house construction wood in central highlands of Ethiopia–implications for enhancing tree growing

A study was conducted in central Ethiopian highland in 2008 to investigate the consumption of house construction wood, the tree species preference for construction wood and the forthcoming conditions of this forest product and possible strategies for future availability. Twenty-four iron-roofed houses and twenty-eight thatch-roofed houses belonging to thirty-six farm households were investigated for types, volumes and sources of construction wood used. It was found that an average farmhouse with a floor space of 57 m^2 consumed about 13.7 m^3 of wood. Both floor space and wood consumptions vary with house types An average iron-roofed house with floor space of 51.9 m^2 consumed 16.8 m^3 of wood and an average thatch-roofed house with mean floor space of 28.6 m^2 consumed 3.2 m^3 of wood. Family size and floor space were the major factors influencing construction wood consumption. An average living house was composed of woods of 39.3% ,luniperus procera, 5.6% Cupressus lusitanica, 29.2% Eucalyptus globulus and 26% Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The wood volume from the first two species and half that of the third species were obtained from state forest which is currently banned from any construction wood extraction and hence there is a shortage of around 59.5% of woods. We suggest the promotion of various tree planting approaches to increase the wood supply and the use of alternative local materials like soil bricks for house construction.

Clues for Architectural Education： Flexibility in Traditional and Modern Turkish House

Traditional Turkish house which characterized with its original shape of the room, plan layout, construction and roof forms has two main spaces as ＂sofa＂ （common space） and the ＂room＂ differentiate it from the houses in different geographies. The flexibility of the room in traditional Turkish house is characterized with its fixed-in-furniture, which supplies all necessities of a person in a house. This paper will discuss the similarities and differences in use of space between traditional Turkish houses and today＇s flats in apartments. The comprehensions will be made through the field works on traditional houses and with the projects of architecture students in Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanhul. The concept of the students＇ projects is redesigning their own houses. Since the students come from different regions of Turkey, their houses have both similar and different spatial characteristics. Whether the cultural identity of the user plays a role in use of living space will be discussed. The aim of this study is to put the relation between the past and today＇s use of interior spaces of Turkish houses.

The Combination Effect of Night Ventilation and Thermal Insulation on Passive Cooling of Buildings in Baghdad

An experimental investigation of passive cooling buildings has been carried out for a typical summer days extended from July to December of Baghdad in Iraq. Six independent chambers were designed and constructed for different roof constructions. Night ventilation has been applied to study the possibility of reducing air temperature in buildings by testing different air changes per hour extended from 5 to 30. Measurements outside chambers including air temperature; relative humidity and solar radiation were achieved, while surface temperature and air temperature inside the chambers were recorded. The results show that the air temperature can be decreased with a range from 3 ℃ to 6 ℃ when using 50 mm polystyrene. This decrease can further be lowered by 2 ℃ to 4 ℃ if night ventilation of change per hours in buildings is allowed. The reduction in air temperature can be reduced to 5 ℃ by combination of external night ventilation and white paint.

Damage of Historical Stone Masonry Buildings： Combined Effects of Spatial Variability of Stone Properties and Environmental Conditions

The everyday fluctuations of temperature and humidity lead to fluctuation of stress on the stones constituting many constructions and produce in long term some kinds of fatigue damage. This paper investigates the combined role of stone properties variability and environmental conditions on the generation and the amplification of stress variation and fatigue. Thus, the randomness and spatial variability 0fthe mechanical, thermal and hydraulic properties are taken into account in a finite elements model of typical stone wall masonry of Chambord Castle. The quantification of the impact of this spatial variability on the variability of generated stress is performed.

Means-End Chain Model Framework for Measuring Housing Environment Choice Behavior

Housing and housing space has been a place for personal development, recreation and self accentuation. The need for housing and housing space quality can therefore not be overemphasized. The need for housing remains a constant index for all societies through the ages. Housing is a complex and heterogeneous product in its setting, the cognitive structures of housing users for housing attributes is also complex as well as their choice behaviors. Means-End Chain （MEC） model has been found to be very effective and potent in measuring these complexities. This conceptual paper explores from literature the MEC model and attempts to propagate its use as a research model for housing research, environment-behavior studies and person-environment congruence. It also presents the methodology employed by MEC for data collection and data management. It will suggest an extension to the traditional methodology that MEC utilizes. The possibility of extending the previous methods and their applicability in design process is herein presented; and to make a case for the usability of MEC model as a research tool for housing researchers. In dealing with user preference of housing, there is a need for research for a development of a technological tool for the identification of user needs and preference, and the kind of decision support that are required to identify these needs.

Intelligent Identification of Building Patches and Assessment of Roof Greening Suitability in High-density Urban Areas:A Case Study of Chengdu

With the expansion of a city,the urban green space is occupied and the urban heat island effect is serious.Greening the roof surfaces of urban buildings is an effective way to increase the area of urban green space and improve the urban ecological environment.To provide effective data support for urban green space planning,this paper used high-resolution images to(1)obtain accurate building spots on the map of the study area through deep learning assisted manual correction;and(2)establish an evaluation index system of roof greening including the characteristics of the roof itself,the natural environment and the human society environment.The weight values of attributes not related to the roof itself were calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).The suitable green roof locations were evaluated by spatial join,weighted superposition and other spatial analysis methods.Taking the areas within the Chengdu city’s third ring road as the study area,the results show that an accurate building pattern obtained by deep learning greatly improves the efficiency of the experiment.The roof surfaces unsuitable for greening can be effectively classified by the method of feature extraction,with an accuracy of 86.58%.The roofs suitable for greening account for 48.08%,among which,the high-suitability roofs,medium-suitability roofs and low-suitability roofs represent 45.32%,38.95%and 15.73%.The high-suitability green buildings are mainly distributed in the first ring district and the western area outside the first ring district in Chengdu.This paper is useful for solving the current problem of the more saturated high-density urban area and allowing the expansion of the urban ecological environment.