《等音》版本研究——兼析《等音》中的重出字

《等音》是清初云南学者的一部重要的韵学著作,现存版本众多,唯原本不可见,因此,如何对待各种版本的差异和确定其可靠性,就成为研究《等音》的基础性工作之一。论文对三种版本进行对比分析后,认为高奣映的《等音声位合汇》最为可靠,并通过著作中在不同音位上重复出现的30个字进行归类分析,进一步证明了这个观点。同时,这30个重出字还反映出另外两个情况:当时的入声韵正处于消失的过程中;因为"角音"在官话中已经不存在,作者难辨"角音"和"徵音"的区别。

《等音》作者及成书时间考

在汉语语音史的研究中,为了准确描写一部韵书的音系并认定其音系性质,往往要先确定韵书的生平和创作年代。《等音》是清初云南学者的一部韵学著作。论文从史料记载出发,确认了《等音》的作者马自援就是吴三桂手下大将马宝的次子,解答了以往研究者的疑问,从而进一步确定《等音》的成书时间为1673年至1681年之间。

《等音》《声位》比较研究(一)

清·康熙年间,云南省有两部声的韵学著作,一为马自援的《等音》,一为林本裕的《声位》。两部书是姊妹篇。它们在我国声韵学史上具有一定的地位。罗常培、赵荫棠、李新魁先生著作中都曾给予肯定。但是,作为专著研究,过去由于种种原因,还没有全面深入地进行过,所以其具体价值至今鲜为人知。文章试着对这两部书作一次初步探讨:一方面指出它主流上反映现代汉语普通话语音系统形成上的贡献,一方面也指出它是云南方音的宝贵史料之一。希望它能为我省广大语言工作者在寻求全省各地方音与普通话语音对应规律时起到一些参考作用。

现代汉语普通话zhuang,chuang,shuang的来源、形成过程及其相关问题

本文指出现代汉语普通话音节zhuang,chuang,shuang来自《广韵》的江韵(举平赅上去)开口二等知组、庄组声母字和阳韵(举平赅上去)开口三等庄组声母字,涉及到21个反切,其读音格局(即音类、音类关系和音值的格局)初步形成于元代的《中原音韵》,定型于明代的《等韵图经》。并讨论了把这类《广韵》反切折合成现代汉语普通话读音的问题。

精见两组声母腭化规律的例外现象及其成因

中古汉语精组、见组十个声母在细音韵母前面受韵母腭化作用影响而演变成现代汉语的j、q、x。但有许多例外情况。本文对这些例外情况及其成因作了比较详细的分析探讨。

Preparation and properties of supersonic atmospheric plasma sprayed TiB2−SiC coating

With the TiB2−SiC powders after spray granulation and vacuum calcination as raw materials,the TiB2−SiC coating was prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying(SAPS).The effects of spraying power and spraying distance on the properties of the TiB2−SiC coating were investigated and the fabrication processing of SAPS was optimized.The results show that the sprayed powders after calcination have a uniform particle size distribution,good sphericity and enhanced fluidity.The coating prepared by the calcined powders has a dense structure and high deposition efficiency.When the calcined TiB2−SiC powders are used and the spraying power is 95 kW and the spraying distance is 150 mm during supersonic plasma spraying,the obtained TiB2−SiC coating behaves the best comprehensive performance with the porosity,microhardness,bonding strength and resistivity equal to 5.6%,3.57 GPa,18.3 MPa and 10.8 mΩ·cm,respectively.

Spatially Periodic System with Infinite Globally Coupled Oscillators Driven by Temporal-Spatial Noise

In this paper, we study spatially periodic system with infinite globally coupled oscillators driven by temporal-spatial noise and subject to a constant force. The results show that the system exhibits the phenomena of the non-equilibrium phase transition, transport of particles, and the anomalous hysteresis cycle for the mean field and the probability current.

Analytical Study of Nonlinear Dust Acoustic Waves in Two-Dimensional Dust Plasma with Dust Charge Variation

The nonlinear dust acoustic waves in two-dimensional dust plasma with dust charge variation is analytically investigated by using the formally variable separation approach. New analytical solutions for the governing equation of this system have been obtained for dust acoustic waves in a dust plasma for the first time. We derive exact analytical expressions for the general case of the nonlinear dust acoustic waves in two-dimensional dust plasma with dust charge variation.

PROBING PLASMA SPECIES IN A TM_(010) CAVITY

ith the aid of a fibre optical device, the profile of plasma parameters, such as plasma length and noise power spectrum, in a normally enclosed TM 010 cavity was probed. Experimental results show that the physical length of a plasma is linearly related to the microwave power applied and that the profile of noise power spectra varies significantly along the length of a plasma.

Bioavailability of heavy metals in soil of the Tieguanyin tea garden, southeastern China

The bioavailability of 22 heavy metals was investigated at 19 sampling sites in Tieguanyin tea garden in Anxi County,Fujian Province,southeastern China.Heavy metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and evaluated by geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)).Dilute nitric acid extraction was used to evaluate biological activity.Cu,Pb,and Cd were highly bioavailable and most easily absorbed by tea trees.Heavy metal bioavailability in the surface soil was as the ratio of the effective state to the total amount.Cd had the highest I_(geo)values,and the respective samples and sites were classified as moderately/strongly contaminated.Cd element is considered the main factor of heavy metal pollution in the tea garden in Anxi.The other heavy metals studied were present in lower concentrations;thus,the samples were classified as uncontaminated or slightly contaminated.

The Androgynic Pedagogic Approach in the Study and Teaching of Performing Arts in South Africa

For many years now, scholars or researchers have been advocating for an androgynous or all-embracing （multicultural） approach in teaching and learning of musical arts and other performing arts at universities, performing arts centres and other institutions. This article discusses the study and teaching situation of musical arts in South Africa, based on the research of nine institutions of higher learning. The major objective of this article therefore is to explore the extent to which South African institutions of higher learning and performing arts centres have incorporated the arts and culture of the historically marginalised people of South Africa in their respective curricula. From the results, it points out that music departments at South African institutions of higher learning have not yet fully transformed their programmes away from European models to programmes that affirm and embrace all the musical styles and genres practiced in the country. The article provides an advocacy for a strong androgynic approach in the study and teaching of performing arts in South Africa： the incorporation of both African indigenous and Western art forms in the respective curricula.

Colleges should focus on transformation of applied community-oriented professional music talents

In the context of higher education development, the prominent problem the development of higher education facing is different levels and types of schools convergence development. This directly affects the convergence and development tendencies of music professional construction and development local high school, it is highlighted that music training objectives positioning is not clear in the local high school, they consciously or unconsciously move closer to the music professional institutions in teaching content and methods, so higher education cannot meet the local music community, especially the diverse musical talent needs of grassroots community.

Investigation on Major Noise Sources of Vehicle Diesel Engine Based on Sound Intensity Measurement

In order to reduce the noise and vibration of the diesel engine,it is crucial to exactly identify the engine noise source character.Based on "two-microphone" method,the sound intensity measurement of a vehicle four-stroke diesel engine was carried out in a hemi-anechoic chamber.Then the sound intensity contour maps were obtained from the measurement results and the main noise components of different frequencies on all the measurement surfaces were picked out to construct contour maps.By analysizing the relationship between the characteristics of contour maps and the space distribution of the engine compartment,the major sources of the exterior radiation noise of the diesel engine were identified.The results provided a creditable basis for improving the noise performance of the engine in the next phase.

Adsorption of Phosphate onto Ferrihydrite and Ferrihydrite-Humic Acid Complexes

The adsorption of phosphate onto ferrihydrite(FH) and two FH-humic acid(HA) complexes, obtained by co-precipitating FH with low(FH-HA1) and relatively high amounts of humic acid(FH-HA2), was studied through kinetics and isotherm experiments to determine the differences in phosphate adsorption between FH-HA complexes and FH and to reveal the mechanisms of phosphate adsorption onto two soil compositions. The isoelectric point(IEP) and the specific surface area(SSA) of the mineral decreased as the particle porosity of the mineral increased, which corresponded to an increase in the amount of organic carbon. The adsorption capacity of phosphate was higher on FH than on FH-HA1 and FH-HA2 at the scale of micromoles per kilogram. The initial adsorption rate and adsorption affinity of phosphate decreased with an increase in the amount of HA in the mineral. The sensitivity of phosphate adsorption to the change in the pH was greater for FH than for FH-HA complexes. Ionic strength did not affect the adsorption of phosphate onto FH and FH-HA1 at a lower p H, and the increase in the ionic strength promoted phosphate adsorption at a higher p H.However, for the FH-HA2 complex, the increase in the ionic strength inhibited the adsorption of phosphate onto FH-HA2 at a lower p H and increased the adsorption at a higher pH.

Experimental measurement-device-independent type quantum key distribution with flawed and correlated sources

The security of quantum key distribution(QKD)is severely threatened by discrepancies between realistic devices and theoretical assumptions.Recently,a significant framework called the reference technique was proposed to provide security against arbitrary source flaws under current technology such as state preparation flaws,side channels caused by mode dependencies,the Trojan horse attacks and pulse correlations.Here,we adopt the reference technique to prove security of an efficient four-phase measurement-device-independent QKD using laser pulses against potential source imperfections.We present a characterization of source flaws and connect them to experiments,together with a finite-key analysis against coherent attacks.In addition,we demonstrate the feasibility of our protocol through a proof-of-principle experimental implementation and achieve a secure key rate of 253 bps with a 20 d B channel loss.Compared with previous QKD protocols with imperfect devices,our study considerably improves both the secure key rate and the transmission distance,and shows application potential in the practical deployment of secure QKD with device imperfections.

Nonexistence of a Globally Stable Supersonic Conic Shock Wave for the Steady Supersonic Isothermal Euler Flow

In this paper, for the full Euler system of the isothermal gas, we show that a globally stable supersonic conic shock wave solution does not exist when a uniform supersonic incoming flow hits an infinitely long and curved sharp conic body.