AIM:To assess the validity of the Milan and University of California San Francisco(UCSF) criteria and examine the long-term outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HC...AIM:To assess the validity of the Milan and University of California San Francisco(UCSF) criteria and examine the long-term outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in a single-center study.METHODS:This study is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data.Between 1998 and 2009,56 of 356 OLTs were performed in patients with HCC.Based on pathological examination of liver explants,patients were retrospectively categorized into 3 groups:Milan +(n = 34),Milan-/UCSF +(n = 7) and UCSF-(n = 14).RESULTS:Median follow-up period was 39.5(1-124) mo.The 5-year overall survival rates in the Milan +,Milan-/UCSF + and UCSF-groups were 87.7%,53.6% and 33.3%,respectively(P < 0.000).Within these groups,tumor recurrence was determined in 5.8%,14.3% and 40% of patients,respectively(P < 0.011).Additionally,the presence of microvascular invasion within the explanted liver had a negative effect on the 5-year disease free survival(74.7% vs 46.7%,P < 0.044).CONCLUSION:The Milan criteria are reliable in the selection of suitable candidates for OLT for the treatment of HCC.For cases of OLT involving living donors,the UCSF criteria may be applied.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma is becoming an increasing indication for liver transplantation, but selection and allocation of patients are challenging because of organ shortages. Conventional Milan criteria are the referen...Hepatocellular carcinoma is becoming an increasing indication for liver transplantation, but selection and allocation of patients are challenging because of organ shortages. Conventional Milan criteria are the reference for the selection of patients worldwide, but many expanded criteria, like University of California San Francisco criteria and up-to-7 criteria, have demonstrated that survival and recurrence results are lower than those for restricted indications. Correct staging is crucial and should include surrogate markers of biological aggressiveness(α-fetoprotein, response to loco-regional treatments). Successful down-staging can select between patients with tumor burden initially beyond transplantation criteria those with a more favorable biology, provided a 3-mo stability in meeting the transplantation criteria. Allocation rules are constantly adjusted to minimize the imbalance between the priorities of candidates with and without hepatocellular carcinoma, and take into account local donor rate and waitlist dynamics. Recently, Mazzaferro et al proposed a benefit-oriented "adaptive approach", in which the selection and allocation of patients are based on their response to non-transplantation treatments: low priority for transplantation in case of complete response, high priority in case of partial response or recurrence, and no listing in case of progression beyond transplantation criteria.展开更多
The elementary mechanistic model of adsorption and sorption is based on a simple hypothesis： the adsorption sites are uniformly distnbuted on the surface of the pore walls in the adsorbent, the sorption sites are uni...The elementary mechanistic model of adsorption and sorption is based on a simple hypothesis： the adsorption sites are uniformly distnbuted on the surface of the pore walls in the adsorbent, the sorption sites are uniformly distributed in the volume of the polymer. In this first paper we will analyze the simple case where one solute molecule is only allowed to occupy a single adsorption or sorption site. A common elementary occupation law of the free sites is assumed： the differential increase of the number of the adsorbed/sorbed molecules is proportional to the differential increase of the activity of the solute and the concentration of the free （non-occupied） sites in the solid. The proportionality coefficient is called affinity coefficient depending on the solid/solute couple and on the temperature and independent of the concentration of the solute. In adsorption the concentration of the free sites is a surface concentration on the pore walls and in sorption it is expressed by the molarity. The simple monolayer adsorption law of Jovanovic is obtained： n = no（1 - e KP） where n is the number of moles adsorbed when the pressure is P. no is the total number of adsorption sites and K the affinity coefficient for adsorption. The sorption law writes： a = 1/k [Ф/1-Ф] ＋ 1-r/k In [1 ＋ 1/r Ф/1-Ф] where Ф, r and k hold respectively for the volume fraction of the solvent in the polymer, for the ratio of the molar volumes of the solvent to the elementary polymer chain containing one single adsorption site and for the sorption affinity coefficient. The confrontation of these equations to experimental isotherms is satisfactory in comparison with the classical Langmuir and Flory-Huggins equations： the best results are obtained for adsorption of vapors on a 5A zeolite and for all analyzed sorption results.展开更多
Based on the detailed planktonic foraminifera faunal count and Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca ratio analysis of Core MD05-2901,we reconstructed the longest Mg/Ca sea surface temperature(SST) sequence of the upwelling are...Based on the detailed planktonic foraminifera faunal count and Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca ratio analysis of Core MD05-2901,we reconstructed the longest Mg/Ca sea surface temperature(SST) sequence of the upwelling area off Vietnam in the western South China Sea(SCS).Ocean environment,especially the SST variation,over the last 450 ka is discussed in this study.SST variation has typical glacial/interglacial alternations from 23.03°C to 29.93°C with a glacial/interglacial difference of 4.8°C on average.SST during the interglacial periods fluctuates significantly,up to 5.6°C,which is larger than the average glacial/interglacial difference.SST variation during the glacial periods is much smaller.Spectrum analysis shows that SST change dominates on the typical Milankovitch cycles,such as 112,40.7 and 23.6 ka.Evident leading of SST variation against the δ 18 O can be observed during the Terminations 1,4,and 5,which is confirmed by their cross-spectrum analysis on these cycles.MD05-2901 is the first core in the South China Sea that has multi-SST records,such as SST Mg/Ca,k' 37 U-SST and planktonic foraminiferal fauna-based SST.SSTs from different methods can be correlated with each other in glacial/interglacial time scale,whereas SST Mg/Ca records abrupt climate change events more clearly.SST Mg/Ca at MD05-2901 since MIS 5 is 0.6°C lower than that of the southern SCS on average,but equivalent to or even 2°C lower than that of the northern SCS during some interglacial period.The SST character of MD05-2901 reflects less influence of latitude,but an important role of the regional upwelling driven by the eastern Asian summer monsoon,and suggests a stronger upwelling during the interglacial periods in the western SCS.展开更多
Metallic silver （Ag） and its ability to combat infection have been known since ancient history. In the wake of nanotechnology advancement, silver＇s efficacy to fight broad spectrum bacterial infections is further i...Metallic silver （Ag） and its ability to combat infection have been known since ancient history. In the wake of nanotechnology advancement, silver＇s efficacy to fight broad spectrum bacterial infections is further improved in the form of Ag nanoparticles （NPs）. Recent studies have ascribed the broad spectrum antimicrobial properties of Ag NPs to dissociation of Ag＊ ions from the NPs, which may not be entirely applicable when the size of Ag NPs decreases to the sub-2 nm range [denoted Ag nanoclusters （NCs）]. In this paper we report that ultrasmall glutathione （GSH）-protected Ag^＋-rich NCs （Ag^＋-R NCs for short, with a predominance of Ag＋ species in the NCs） have much higher antimicrobial activities towards both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria than the reference NC, GSH-Ag^＋-R NCs. They have the same size and surface ligand, but with different oxidation states of the core silver. This interesting finding suggests that the undissociated Ag^＋-R NCs armed with abundant Ag^＋ ions on the surface are highly active in bacterial killing, which was not observed in the system of their larger counterpart, Ag NPs.展开更多
Biogenic opal and calcium carbonate contents in the Quaternary fine-grained sediments in the deep sea coral mound area (Hole U1317E and Hole U1318B drilled by IODP Expedition 307) in Porcupine Seabight, southwest off ...Biogenic opal and calcium carbonate contents in the Quaternary fine-grained sediments in the deep sea coral mound area (Hole U1317E and Hole U1318B drilled by IODP Expedition 307) in Porcupine Seabight, southwest off Ireland, were measured to estimate the primary productivity (Pp) of the surface seawater in NE Atlantic. The results from the two holes commonly show relatively high Pp values of 10-30 g cm-2 ky-1, having stratigraphic cyclicity reversely correlated with the δ13C profile. The high Pp could be attributed to the oceanic setting controlled by the Eastern North Atlantic (Central) Water and Shelf Edge Current, which have been strongly influenced by the obliquity forcing of the Milankovitch cycle. A positive covariance was observed between high Pp and the mound development in U1317E, implying that the organic matter was the principal food source for the mound coral community. It is proposed that the pelagic marl matrix of the mound sediments provides information of the surface water productivity that is useful for reconstructing the paleoceanography and the paleoclimate in the NW Atlantic.展开更多
The supramolecular assembly of bis[3, 4, 12, 13, 21, 22, 30, 31-octa(dodecylthio)-2, 3-naphthalocyaninato] erbium complex (Er[Nc(SC12H25)8]2) was fabricated at the air/water interface by Langmuir monolayer technique. ...The supramolecular assembly of bis[3, 4, 12, 13, 21, 22, 30, 31-octa(dodecylthio)-2, 3-naphthalocyaninato] erbium complex (Er[Nc(SC12H25)8]2) was fabricated at the air/water interface by Langmuir monolayer technique. Surface pressure-area isotherm indicates that stable monolayer is formed. The monolayer morphology on mica was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Columnar domains of ca. 100 nm X (20–30) nm appearing in the micrograph have ordered orientation. Polarized UV-vis spectra and small-angle X-ray diffraction pattern show that the macrocycles tilt in the monolayer. The orientation angle of the naphthalocyanine ring with respect to the substrate was found to be ca. 54°. Each monolayer is ca. 3.53 nm thick. The columnar domain comprises 4–6 rows of columnar supramolecular assemblies where the molecules stack face-to-face.展开更多
A theoretical calculation of the nonrelativistic Lamb shift in nano-sized semiconducting （GaAs） and metallic （AI） circular rings is carried out. On the basis of a flat one-electron potential with infinitely high b...A theoretical calculation of the nonrelativistic Lamb shift in nano-sized semiconducting （GaAs） and metallic （AI） circular rings is carried out. On the basis of a flat one-electron potential with infinitely high barriers, the radiative back-action is obtained to second order in perturbation theory. Numerical results are presented for the radiative correction to the transition frequency between the ground state and first excited radial quantum states （initial state： （1,1,0）, final state： （2,1,0）） neglecting the curvature term in the Schr6dinger equation. Lamb shifts are calculated as functions of the inner ring radius, the ring thickness, and the temperature.展开更多
文摘AIM:To assess the validity of the Milan and University of California San Francisco(UCSF) criteria and examine the long-term outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in a single-center study.METHODS:This study is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data.Between 1998 and 2009,56 of 356 OLTs were performed in patients with HCC.Based on pathological examination of liver explants,patients were retrospectively categorized into 3 groups:Milan +(n = 34),Milan-/UCSF +(n = 7) and UCSF-(n = 14).RESULTS:Median follow-up period was 39.5(1-124) mo.The 5-year overall survival rates in the Milan +,Milan-/UCSF + and UCSF-groups were 87.7%,53.6% and 33.3%,respectively(P < 0.000).Within these groups,tumor recurrence was determined in 5.8%,14.3% and 40% of patients,respectively(P < 0.011).Additionally,the presence of microvascular invasion within the explanted liver had a negative effect on the 5-year disease free survival(74.7% vs 46.7%,P < 0.044).CONCLUSION:The Milan criteria are reliable in the selection of suitable candidates for OLT for the treatment of HCC.For cases of OLT involving living donors,the UCSF criteria may be applied.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma is becoming an increasing indication for liver transplantation, but selection and allocation of patients are challenging because of organ shortages. Conventional Milan criteria are the reference for the selection of patients worldwide, but many expanded criteria, like University of California San Francisco criteria and up-to-7 criteria, have demonstrated that survival and recurrence results are lower than those for restricted indications. Correct staging is crucial and should include surrogate markers of biological aggressiveness(α-fetoprotein, response to loco-regional treatments). Successful down-staging can select between patients with tumor burden initially beyond transplantation criteria those with a more favorable biology, provided a 3-mo stability in meeting the transplantation criteria. Allocation rules are constantly adjusted to minimize the imbalance between the priorities of candidates with and without hepatocellular carcinoma, and take into account local donor rate and waitlist dynamics. Recently, Mazzaferro et al proposed a benefit-oriented "adaptive approach", in which the selection and allocation of patients are based on their response to non-transplantation treatments: low priority for transplantation in case of complete response, high priority in case of partial response or recurrence, and no listing in case of progression beyond transplantation criteria.
文摘The elementary mechanistic model of adsorption and sorption is based on a simple hypothesis： the adsorption sites are uniformly distnbuted on the surface of the pore walls in the adsorbent, the sorption sites are uniformly distributed in the volume of the polymer. In this first paper we will analyze the simple case where one solute molecule is only allowed to occupy a single adsorption or sorption site. A common elementary occupation law of the free sites is assumed： the differential increase of the number of the adsorbed/sorbed molecules is proportional to the differential increase of the activity of the solute and the concentration of the free （non-occupied） sites in the solid. The proportionality coefficient is called affinity coefficient depending on the solid/solute couple and on the temperature and independent of the concentration of the solute. In adsorption the concentration of the free sites is a surface concentration on the pore walls and in sorption it is expressed by the molarity. The simple monolayer adsorption law of Jovanovic is obtained： n = no（1 - e KP） where n is the number of moles adsorbed when the pressure is P. no is the total number of adsorption sites and K the affinity coefficient for adsorption. The sorption law writes： a = 1/k [Ф/1-Ф] ＋ 1-r/k In [1 ＋ 1/r Ф/1-Ф] where Ф, r and k hold respectively for the volume fraction of the solvent in the polymer, for the ratio of the molar volumes of the solvent to the elementary polymer chain containing one single adsorption site and for the sorption affinity coefficient. The confrontation of these equations to experimental isotherms is satisfactory in comparison with the classical Langmuir and Flory-Huggins equations： the best results are obtained for adsorption of vapors on a 5A zeolite and for all analyzed sorption results.
基金supported by the CAS Knowledge Innovation Projects (Grant No.KZCX-YW-155-2)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40879020 and 41106035)+1 种基金National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815902)State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,Tongji University (Grant No. G0901)
文摘Based on the detailed planktonic foraminifera faunal count and Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca ratio analysis of Core MD05-2901,we reconstructed the longest Mg/Ca sea surface temperature(SST) sequence of the upwelling area off Vietnam in the western South China Sea(SCS).Ocean environment,especially the SST variation,over the last 450 ka is discussed in this study.SST variation has typical glacial/interglacial alternations from 23.03°C to 29.93°C with a glacial/interglacial difference of 4.8°C on average.SST during the interglacial periods fluctuates significantly,up to 5.6°C,which is larger than the average glacial/interglacial difference.SST variation during the glacial periods is much smaller.Spectrum analysis shows that SST change dominates on the typical Milankovitch cycles,such as 112,40.7 and 23.6 ka.Evident leading of SST variation against the δ 18 O can be observed during the Terminations 1,4,and 5,which is confirmed by their cross-spectrum analysis on these cycles.MD05-2901 is the first core in the South China Sea that has multi-SST records,such as SST Mg/Ca,k' 37 U-SST and planktonic foraminiferal fauna-based SST.SSTs from different methods can be correlated with each other in glacial/interglacial time scale,whereas SST Mg/Ca records abrupt climate change events more clearly.SST Mg/Ca at MD05-2901 since MIS 5 is 0.6°C lower than that of the southern SCS on average,but equivalent to or even 2°C lower than that of the northern SCS during some interglacial period.The SST character of MD05-2901 reflects less influence of latitude,but an important role of the regional upwelling driven by the eastern Asian summer monsoon,and suggests a stronger upwelling during the interglacial periods in the western SCS.
文摘Metallic silver （Ag） and its ability to combat infection have been known since ancient history. In the wake of nanotechnology advancement, silver＇s efficacy to fight broad spectrum bacterial infections is further improved in the form of Ag nanoparticles （NPs）. Recent studies have ascribed the broad spectrum antimicrobial properties of Ag NPs to dissociation of Ag＊ ions from the NPs, which may not be entirely applicable when the size of Ag NPs decreases to the sub-2 nm range [denoted Ag nanoclusters （NCs）]. In this paper we report that ultrasmall glutathione （GSH）-protected Ag^＋-rich NCs （Ag^＋-R NCs for short, with a predominance of Ag＋ species in the NCs） have much higher antimicrobial activities towards both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria than the reference NC, GSH-Ag^＋-R NCs. They have the same size and surface ligand, but with different oxidation states of the core silver. This interesting finding suggests that the undissociated Ag^＋-R NCs armed with abundant Ag^＋ ions on the surface are highly active in bacterial killing, which was not observed in the system of their larger counterpart, Ag NPs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40772074, 40643017)the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technologypartly by the Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University
文摘Biogenic opal and calcium carbonate contents in the Quaternary fine-grained sediments in the deep sea coral mound area (Hole U1317E and Hole U1318B drilled by IODP Expedition 307) in Porcupine Seabight, southwest off Ireland, were measured to estimate the primary productivity (Pp) of the surface seawater in NE Atlantic. The results from the two holes commonly show relatively high Pp values of 10-30 g cm-2 ky-1, having stratigraphic cyclicity reversely correlated with the δ13C profile. The high Pp could be attributed to the oceanic setting controlled by the Eastern North Atlantic (Central) Water and Shelf Edge Current, which have been strongly influenced by the obliquity forcing of the Milankovitch cycle. A positive covariance was observed between high Pp and the mound development in U1317E, implying that the organic matter was the principal food source for the mound coral community. It is proposed that the pelagic marl matrix of the mound sediments provides information of the surface water productivity that is useful for reconstructing the paleoceanography and the paleoclimate in the NW Atlantic.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.29701002), the Ministry of Education of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. Z99B02), the Science Committee of Shandong Province, Shandong University, and State
文摘The supramolecular assembly of bis[3, 4, 12, 13, 21, 22, 30, 31-octa(dodecylthio)-2, 3-naphthalocyaninato] erbium complex (Er[Nc(SC12H25)8]2) was fabricated at the air/water interface by Langmuir monolayer technique. Surface pressure-area isotherm indicates that stable monolayer is formed. The monolayer morphology on mica was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Columnar domains of ca. 100 nm X (20–30) nm appearing in the micrograph have ordered orientation. Polarized UV-vis spectra and small-angle X-ray diffraction pattern show that the macrocycles tilt in the monolayer. The orientation angle of the naphthalocyanine ring with respect to the substrate was found to be ca. 54°. Each monolayer is ca. 3.53 nm thick. The columnar domain comprises 4–6 rows of columnar supramolecular assemblies where the molecules stack face-to-face.
文摘A theoretical calculation of the nonrelativistic Lamb shift in nano-sized semiconducting （GaAs） and metallic （AI） circular rings is carried out. On the basis of a flat one-electron potential with infinitely high barriers, the radiative back-action is obtained to second order in perturbation theory. Numerical results are presented for the radiative correction to the transition frequency between the ground state and first excited radial quantum states （initial state： （1,1,0）, final state： （2,1,0）） neglecting the curvature term in the Schr6dinger equation. Lamb shifts are calculated as functions of the inner ring radius, the ring thickness, and the temperature.
