归属·融合·延伸——浅淡“豫莎剧”《约/束》中的人物塑造及音乐唱腔之特点

豫剧是中国五大戏曲剧种之一，也是中国第一大地方剧种。莎士比亚是世界上公认的戏剧大家，他的作品在各个时代各个地区常被不同文化形式拿来演绎。当莎翁的戏剧遇上中国的豫剧，两者碰撞会擦出什么样的火花？台湾豫剧团于2009年推出了第一部改编莎翁作品的豫莎剧——《约/束》可谓是一次成功的尝试。本文将从豫莎剧《约/束》归属、融合、延伸的角度对剧中人物塑造及音乐唱腔进行分析，希望能对豫剧改编的学术研究起到抛砖引玉的作用。

简评梆子戏《约/束》

台湾豫剧团根据莎士比亚戏剧《威尼斯商人》改编的豫剧《约/束》成功上演,并成为跨文化改编的又一成功案例。本文主要从戏剧节奏的把握、悲喜因素的转换、人物形象的新塑、语言的换译四个方面来探讨该剧改编的成功之处。

梆子莎士比亚:改编《威尼斯商人》为《约/束》

各个时代、各个地区以不同形式演绎莎士比亚的剧作。他的全球化颇得益于其本土化,因为"莎士比亚永远只是我们当下对他的理解"。莎士比亚与豫剧之间相互丰富、相互制约。本文主要介绍改编《威尼斯商人》为豫剧本《约/束》过程中莎剧同中国传统戏曲之间的约与束。讨论的内容包括情节删减,文化背景与文字转换、人物塑造等。

基于谱图和约束NMF的滚动轴承特征频谱提取算法

为了克服传统时频分析中信号特征频谱提取技术中参数敏感问题,设计了一种基于谱图和约束NMF的特征频谱提取算法。该算法首先对振动信号进行归一化预处理和短时Fourier分析,获得代表原始非平稳信号特性的瞬时参数即谱图;然后对谱图进行约束NMF分解;最后由基矩阵获得原始振动信号的特征频谱。理论分析、仿真和工程试验验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。

试论台湾“豫莎剧”《约/束》的得与失

台湾豫剧《约/束》改编自莎士比亚的名剧《威尼斯商人》,因而台湾豫剧团称其为"豫莎剧"。作为一部跨文化改编的戏剧作品,该剧采取了"贴近原著精义"的改编策略,在主题、情节、结构、人物设置以及舞台呈现上均有可圈可点之处,但也同时存在着一定程度的喜剧感、内在节奏美的缺失等问题。

Bearing mechanism of roof and rib support structure in automatically formed roadway and its support design method

Non-pillar mining technology with automatically formed roadway is a new mining method without coal pillar reservation and roadway excavation.The stability control of automatically formed roadway is the key to the successful application of the new method.In order to realize the stability control of the roadway surrounding rock,the mechanical model of the roof and rib support structure is established,and the influence mechanism of the automatically formed roadway parameters on the compound force is revealed.On this basis,the roof and rib support structure technology of confined lightweight concrete is proposed,and its mechanical tests under different eccentricity are carried out.The results show that the bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens is basically the same as that of ordinary confined concrete specimens.The bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens under different eccentricities is 1.95 times higher than those of U-shaped steel specimens.By comparing the test results with the theoretical calculated results of the confined concrete,the calculation method of the bearing capacity for the confined lightweight concrete structure is selected.The design method of confined lightweight concrete support structure is established,and is successfully applied in the extra-large mine,Ningtiaota Coal Mine,China.

On capped Higgs positivity cone

The Wilson coefficients of the standard model effective field theory are subject to a series of positivity bounds.It has been shown that while the positivity part of the ultraviolet(UV)partial wave unitarity leads to the Wilson coefficients living in a convex cone,further including the nonpositivity part caps the cone from above.For Higgs scattering,a capped positivity cone was obtained using a simplified,linear unitarity condition without utilizing the full internal symmetries of Higgs scattering.Here,we further implement stronger nonlinear unitarity conditions from the UV,which generically gives rise to better bounds.We show that,for the Higgs case in particular,while the nonlinear unitarity conditions per se do not enhance the bounds,the fuller use of the internal symmetries do shrink the capped positivity cone significantly.

3D electrical resistivity inversion using prior spatial shape constraints

To minimize the number of solutions in 3D resistivity inversion, an inherent problem in inversion, the amount of data considered have to be large and prior constraints need to be applied. Geological and geophysical data regarding the extent of a geological anomaly are important prior information. We propose the use of shape constraints in 3D electrical resistivity inversion, Three weighted orthogonal vectors （a normal and two tangent vectors） were used to control the resistivity differences at the boundaries of the anomaly. The spatial shape of the anomaly and the constraints on the boundaries of the anomaly are thus established. We incorporated the spatial shape constraints in the objective function of the 3D resistivity inversion and constructed the 3D resistivity inversion equation with spatial shape constraints. Subsequently, we used numerical modeling based on prior spatial shape data to constrain the direction vectors and weights of the 3D resistivity inversion. We established a reasonable range between the direction vectors and weights, and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of using spatial shape prior constraints in reducing excessive structures and the number of solutions. We applied the prior spatially shape-constrained inversion method to locate the aquifer at the Guangzhou subway. The spatial shape constraints were taken from ground penetrating radar data. The inversion results for the location and shape of the aquifer agree well with drilling data, and the number of inversion solutions is significantly reduced.

Low-frequency data analysis and expansion

The use of low-frequency seismic data improves the seismic resolution, and the imaging and inversion quality. Furthermore, low-frequency data are applied in hydrocarbon exploration; thus, we need to better use low-frequency data. In seismic wavelets, the loss of low-frequency data decreases the main lobe amplitude and increases the first side lobe amplitude and results in the periodic shocking attenuation of the secondary side lobe. The loss of low frequencies likely produces pseudo-events and the false appearance of higher resolution. We use models to examine the removal of low-frequency data in seismic data processing. The results suggest that the removal of low frequencies create distortions, especially for steep structures and thin layers. We also perform low-frequency expansion using compressed sensing and sparse constraints and develop the corresponding module. Finally, we apply the proposed method to real common image point gathers with good results.

Estimating primaries by sparse inversion of the 3D Curvelet transform and the L1-norm constraint

In this paper, we built upon the estimating primaries by sparse inversion （EPSI） method. We use the 3D curvelet transform and modify the EPSI method to the sparse inversion of the biconvex optimization and Ll-norm regularization, and use alternating optimization to directly estimate the primary reflection coefficients and source wavelet. The 3D curvelet transform is used as a sparseness constraint when inverting the primary reflection coefficients, which results in avoiding the prediction subtraction process in the surface-related multiples elimination （SRME） method. The proposed method not only reduces the damage to the effective waves but also improves the elimination of multiples. It is also a wave equation- based method for elimination of surface multiple reflections, which effectively removes surface multiples under complex submarine conditions.

Nonstationary sparsity-constrained seismic deconvolution

The Robinson convolution model is mainly restricted by three inappropriate assumptions, i.e., statistically white reflectivity, minimum-phase wavelet, and stationarity. Modern reflectivity inversion methods（e.g., sparsity-constrained deconvolution） generally attempt to suppress the problems associated with the first two assumptions but often ignore that seismic traces are nonstationary signals, which undermines the basic assumption of unchanging wavelet in reflectivity inversion. Through tests on reflectivity series, we confirm the effects of nonstationarity on reflectivity estimation and the loss of significant information, especially in deep layers. To overcome the problems caused by nonstationarity, we propose a nonstationary convolutional model, and then use the attenuation curve in log spectra to detect and correct the influences of nonstationarity. We use Gabor deconvolution to handle nonstationarity and sparsity-constrained deconvolution to separating reflectivity and wavelet. The combination of the two deconvolution methods effectively handles nonstationarity and greatly reduces the problems associated with the unreasonable assumptions regarding reflectivity and wavelet. Using marine seismic data, we show that correcting nonstationarity helps recover subtle reflectivity information and enhances the characterization of details with respect to the geological record.

VIBRO-IMPACTS OF A SLENDER CANTILEVER BEAM WITH A LUMPED TIP MASS BETWEEN TWO RIGID STOPS

This paper presents a dynamic analysis of vibro impacts of a slender cantilever beam carrying a lumped tip mass between two rigid stops subjected to horizontal harmonic excitation of basement. This vibro impacting system is a simplified model for the vibro impacts between the shell of a flying vehicle and its interior components. The dynamic equation of vibro impacting system is established on the basis of the Galerkin method, the Lagrange method and the Newton rule of collision. The effects of excitation frequency, excitation amplitude and the clearance between the tip mass and a stop on system dynamics are numerically investigated. The nonlinear dynamics, especially various chaotic motions, are observed by using the Poincaré section. Numerical results show that the longterm behavior of system mainly depends on the above three parameters, and there exist a series of processes and corresponding reverse processes, during which a periodic motion undergoes period doubling bifurcation and then becomes chaotic motion, or vice versa.

Compressed sensing estimation of sparse underwater acoustic channels with a large time delay spread

The estimation of sparse underwater acoustic channels with a large time delay spread is investigated under the framework of compressed sensing. For these types of channels, the excessively long impulse response will significantly degrade the convergence rate and tracking capability of the traditional estimation algorithms such as least squares （LS）, while excluding the use of the delay-Doppler spread function due to huge computational complexity. By constructing a Toeplitz matrix with a training sequence as the measurement matrix, the estimation problem of long sparse acoustic channels is formulated into a compressed sensing problem to facilitate the efficient exploitation of sparsity. Furthermore, unlike the traditional l1 norm or exponent-based approximation l0 norm sparse recovery strategy, a novel variant of approximate l0 norm called AL0 is proposed, minimization of which leads to the derivation of a hybrid approach by iteratively projecting the steepest descent solution to the feasible set. Numerical simulations as well as sea trial experiments are compared and analyzed to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.

Weight-based shape modification of NURBS curves by constrained optimization

A new method for shape modification of non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) curves was presented, which was based on constrained optimization by means of altering the corresponding weights of their control points. Using this method, the original NURBS curve was modified to satisfy the specified geometric constraints, including single point and multi-point constraints. With the introduction of free parameters, the shapes of modified NURBS curves could be further controlled by users without destroying geometric constraints and seem more naturally. Since explicit formulae were derived to compute new weights of the modified curve, the method was simple and easy to program. Practical examples showed that the method was applicable for computer aided design (CAD) system.

Study of prestack elastic parameter consistency inversion methods

The three parameters of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density have remarkable differences in conventional prestack inversion accuracy, so study of the consistency inversion of the ＂three parameters＂ is very important. In this paper, we present a new inversion algorithm and approach based on the in-depth analysis of the causes in their accuracy differences. With this new method, the inversion accuracy of the three parameters is improved synchronously by reasonable approximations and mutual constraint among the parameters. Theoretical model calculations and actual data applications with this method indicate that the three elastic parameters all have high inversion accuracy and maintain consistency, which also coincides with the theoretical model and actual data. This method has good application prospects.

Ultimate flexural strength of normal section of FRP-confined RC circular columns

Numerical analysis is carried out to study the sectional properties of the fiber-reinforced polymer（FRP）-confined reinforced concrete（RC）circular columns. The axial load ratio, the FRP confinement ratio and the longitudinal reinforcement characteristic value are the three main parameters that can influence the neutral axis depth when concrete compression strain reaches an ultimate value. The formula for computing the central angle θ, corresponding to the compression zone, is established according to the data regression of the numerical analysis results. The numerical analysis results demonstrate that the concrete stress enhancement from transverse confinement and strain hardening of the longitudinal reinforcement can cause a much greater flexural strength than that defined by the design code. Based on the analytical studies and the test results of 36 large scale columns, the formula to calculate the flexural strength when columns fail under seismic loading is proposed, and the calculated results agree well with the test results. Finally, parametric studies are conducted on a typical column with different axial load ratios, longitudinal reinforcement characteristic value and FRP confinement ratios. Analysis of the results shows that the calculated flexural strength can be increased by 50% compared to that of unconfined columns defined by the code.

Reducing semantic bias of annotations for semantic web service discovery

In order to improve the effectiveness of semantic web service discovery, the semantic bias between an interface parameter and an annotation is reduced by extracting semantic restrictions for the annotation from the description context and generating refined semantic annotations, and then the semantics of the web service is refined. These restrictions are dynamically extracted from the parsing tree of the description text, with the guide of the restriction template extracted from the ontology definition. New semantic annotations are then generated by combining the original concept with the restrictions and represented via refined concept expressions. In addition, a novel semantic similarity measure for refined concept expressions is proposed for semantic web service discovery. Experimental results show that the matchmaker based on this method can improve the average precision of discovery and exhibit low computational complexity. Reducing the semantic bias by utilizing restriction information of annotations can refine the semantics of the web service and improve the discovery effectiveness.

Low-dimensional multi-spectral space for color reproduction based on nonnegative constrained principal component analysis

In order to overcome the shortcomings that the reconstructed spectral reflectance may be negative when using the classic principal component analysis （PCA）to reduce the dimensions of the multi-spectral data, a nonnegative constrained principal component analysis method is proposed to construct a low-dimensional multi-spectral space and accomplish the conversion between the new constructed space and the multispectral space. First, the reason behind the negative data is analyzed and a nonnegative constraint is imposed on the classic PCA. Then a set of nonnegative linear independence weight vectors of principal components is obtained, by which a lowdimensional space is constructed. Finally, a nonlinear optimization technique is used to determine the projection vectors of the high-dimensional multi-spectral data in the constructed space. Experimental results show that the proposed method can keep the reconstructed spectral data in [ 0, 1 ]. The precision of the space created by the proposed method is equivalent to or even higher than that by the PCA.

CONSTRAINED VITERBI ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATION TO ERROR RESILIENT TRANSMISSION OF SPIHT CODED IMAGES

To overcome some drawbacks of Viterbi algorithm （VA）, such as exponential growing complexity of decoding, and its poor performance under bad channel conditions, some available known information must be used as constrained condition and apriori knowledge for decoding. A new constrained VA is proposed by adding con- straint bits directly for conventional codec. Compared with the conventional VA, under the bad channel condi- tion, the proposed scheme can improve the peak signal to noise ratio （PSNR） of the decoding image 2--10 dB by changing the number of constrained bits. Experimental results show that it is an efficient error-controlling way for the transmission of set partitioning in hierarchical trees （SPIHT） coded image.

Generalized linear joint PP-PS inversion based on two constraints

Conventional joint PP-PS inversion is based on approximations of the Zoeppritz equations and assumes constant VP/VS;therefore,the inversion precision and stability cannot satisfy current exploration requirements.We propose a joint PP-PS inversion method based on the exact Zoeppritz equations that combines Bayesian statistics and generalized linear inversion.A forward model based on the exact Zoeppritz equations is built to minimize the error of the approximations in the large-angle data,the prior distribution of the model parameters is added as a regularization item to decrease the ill-posed nature of the inversion,low-frequency constraints are introduced to stabilize the low-frequency data and improve robustness,and a fast algorithm is used to solve the objective function while minimizing the computational load.The proposed method has superior antinoising properties and well reproduces real data.