The thermal protective performance (TPP) is important for heat and flame resistant fabrics. In this study, fabrics which are made of flame resistant cotton, Nomex, polybenzimidazole (PBI), polysulfonamide (PSA),...The thermal protective performance (TPP) is important for heat and flame resistant fabrics. In this study, fabrics which are made of flame resistant cotton, Nomex, polybenzimidazole (PBI), polysulfonamide (PSA), kermel, and blend of kermei with rayon fiber are investigated on high intensity of different radiant and convective heat source. The mechanism of heat transfer in different situations is discussed. It is identified that exposed candition has an important effect on thermal protective performance. TPP rating increases with the increasing percentage of convective heat.展开更多
Poly ( m-phenylene isophthalamine) (PMIA) and Poly( p-phenylene terphthalamine) (PPTA) are among the most important high-temperature resistant aramid fibers. The pyrolysis behaviors of these two fibers under i...Poly ( m-phenylene isophthalamine) (PMIA) and Poly( p-phenylene terphthalamine) (PPTA) are among the most important high-temperature resistant aramid fibers. The pyrolysis behaviors of these two fibers under inert gases were studied using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry ( TGA-DTA/MS ). The pyrolysis processes of PMIA and PPTA are distinguishing, and the stepwise pyrolysates reflect these differences. A mechanism system of pyrolysis is suggested, which involving hydrolysis and homolysis, At low pyrolysis temperatures, hydrolysis is a primary reaction, and it is very noticeable in the first-step pyrolysis region of PMIA. Elevating pyrolysis temperature, homolysis is enhanced and keep a large advantage in the high temperature range. On the other hand, at higher temperatures, carbonization happens and the homolysis and carbonization of PPTA are emphasized more than of PMIA.展开更多
As very useful superficial mediflcation agents, the common long perfluoroalkyl -- containing agents are facing the ecological problems, such as persistence, bioacumulatlen, and/or toxicity in the environment. In order...As very useful superficial mediflcation agents, the common long perfluoroalkyl -- containing agents are facing the ecological problems, such as persistence, bioacumulatlen, and/or toxicity in the environment. In order to overcome the problems, we designed and synthesized a polyether dioi containing short perfluoroaikyl side chains, which was condensed with diisocyanate to form fluorine-containing aqueous polyurethane. This aqueous polyurethane was applied on cotton fabrics by conventional pad-dry-cure process. The treated cotton fabrics showed good water repellent property with the contact angle reached 131°, and also IXBSessed good washing durability.展开更多
The removal of surface oligomers from polyester fiber was investigated by an Ultrasonic / Alkali System. Effects of concentration of alkali, temperature, time and ultrasonic frequency were discussed. It was found tbat...The removal of surface oligomers from polyester fiber was investigated by an Ultrasonic / Alkali System. Effects of concentration of alkali, temperature, time and ultrasonic frequency were discussed. It was found tbat Ultrasonic / Alkali System could decrease remarkably surface oligomers content of polyester fiber dyed by HIP without influencing the dyeing properties of the fiber.展开更多
An important property of moisture absorption and sweat discharge yarns is their water transport property. In the paper, two water transport models of moisture absorption and sweat discharge yarns were developed to inv...An important property of moisture absorption and sweat discharge yarns is their water transport property. In the paper, two water transport models of moisture absorption and sweat discharge yarns were developed to investigate the influence factors on their wicking rate. In parallel Column Pores Model, wicking rate is determined by the equivalent capillary radius R and length of the capillary tube L. In Pellets Accumulation Model, wicking rate is decided by the capillary radius r and length of the fiber unit assemble L0.展开更多
This work described the application of wet air oxidation (WAO) to the treatment of desizing wastewater from natural fiber processing. A two-liter autoclave batch reactor was used for the experiments. The range of op...This work described the application of wet air oxidation (WAO) to the treatment of desizing wastewater from natural fiber processing. A two-liter autoclave batch reactor was used for the experiments. The range of operating temperature examined was between 150 and 290℃, and partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0.375 to 2.25 MPa standardized at 25℃. Variations in Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) and Total Organic Carbon(TOC) were monitored during each experiment and used to assess the performance of the process. Experimental results showed that WAO can be an efficient method for the treatment of desizing wastewater. Furthermore, Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) was applied to reduce the reaction temperature and pressure in WAO process. A higher COD removal ratio was achieved under more mild reaction condition with the aid of CWAO. A mathematical model was also proposed to simulate the WAO process of desizing wastewater, in which three distinct kinetics steps were considered to describe the degradation of starch. The model simulations were in well agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
The methods in testing the bean-protein fiber and the standards used were simply introduced. The fiber's mechanical and chemical performances were further analyzed. And the correlative performance of the bean-prot...The methods in testing the bean-protein fiber and the standards used were simply introduced. The fiber's mechanical and chemical performances were further analyzed. And the correlative performance of the bean-protein fibers and other natural fibers have been compared, then full knowledge of the fiber's performance was concluded.展开更多
The textile processing plants utilize a wide variety of dyes and other chemicals such as acids, bases, salts, detergents, sizes, oxidants, mercerizing and finishing chemicals. Many of these are not retained in the fin...The textile processing plants utilize a wide variety of dyes and other chemicals such as acids, bases, salts, detergents, sizes, oxidants, mercerizing and finishing chemicals. Many of these are not retained in the final product and are discharged in the effluent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactor to treat synthetic textile wastewater. Several experiments using Direct Red 81 and volatile fatty acids as model substrates were conducted. The problems of decolorization was evaluated at a variety of relevant operational conditions, such as substrate concentration, organic and hydraulic loading rates. The results showed that retention time of EGSB equals 1.6 h and 80 mg/L at the hydraulic and dye concentration respectively, and that the color removal efficiency can reach 90%. Additionally, some chemical additions were proposed to improve the decolorization rate and increase the treatment efficiency of the system. For instance, sulfide was added at 200 mg/L in the influent, which can increase the dye removal efficiency to 95%.展开更多
Since the azo dyes widely used in textile-dyeing industry are toxic, highly persistent, and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, their treatment efficiencies and fade in ecosystems have received worldwide atte...Since the azo dyes widely used in textile-dyeing industry are toxic, highly persistent, and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, their treatment efficiencies and fade in ecosystems have received worldwide attention. Due to the microbes play important roles in azo-dye degradation, exogenous nutrient addition is used as a promising biostimulation strategy to improve the treatment efficiencies of azo-dye wastewater. However, little is known about the effects of different kinds of exogenous nutrients on the azo-dye wastewater treatment directly. Here, three kinds of common nutrients, glucose, starch and yeast extract, were added to the sequencing batch reactors (SBR) for the treatment of wastewater containing acid red 73 to compare the biostimulation efficiencies by investigating the dye's removal efficiencies and the changes of related water qualities. Our results showed that the reactors added yeast extract had highest removal efficiencies and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as well, followed by glucose and starch. The removal rates of acid red 73 and COD were 90.63% and 8713% in the reactors added yeast extract, respectively, while 86.49% and 78.4% in those with glucose and 85.38% and 75.2% in those with starch. This study provided some useful information for the biostimulation strategy of azo-dye wastewater treatment and preliminarily suggested that yeast extract would be the optimal choice.展开更多
The objective of this research was to investigate the optimum condition for treatment of textile industrial wastewater from water jet loom machine by chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation methods. The variables ...The objective of this research was to investigate the optimum condition for treatment of textile industrial wastewater from water jet loom machine by chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation methods. The variables of chemical coagulation method were type and amount of chemicals, pH and stirring rate. For electrocoagulation method, the variables were electrode materials, electric potential and contact time. It was found that the optimum condition of chemical coagulation method was 10% (w/w) of aqueous solution of aluminum sulphate 80 mL and 0.01% (w/w) of aqueous solution of coagulant aids, cationic polymer 32 mL per 4 L of wastewater at oH 8. The mixture solution was rapidly stirred with 120 rpm for 1 min and then slowly stirred with 20 rpm for 20 rain. The removal efficiency of turbidity, COD and oil content were 88.88%, 85.20% and 77.72%, respectively. For electrocoagulation method, the optimum condition was using aluminum electrode with 35 V and 150 min of contact time. The removal efficiency of turbidity, COD and oil content were 98.86%, 91.63% and 89.84%, respectively. It can be concluded from this study that the textile industrial wastewater treatment from water jet loom machine with electrocoagulation method is more efficient than that with chemical coagulation method.展开更多
文摘The thermal protective performance (TPP) is important for heat and flame resistant fabrics. In this study, fabrics which are made of flame resistant cotton, Nomex, polybenzimidazole (PBI), polysulfonamide (PSA), kermel, and blend of kermei with rayon fiber are investigated on high intensity of different radiant and convective heat source. The mechanism of heat transfer in different situations is discussed. It is identified that exposed candition has an important effect on thermal protective performance. TPP rating increases with the increasing percentage of convective heat.
文摘Poly ( m-phenylene isophthalamine) (PMIA) and Poly( p-phenylene terphthalamine) (PPTA) are among the most important high-temperature resistant aramid fibers. The pyrolysis behaviors of these two fibers under inert gases were studied using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry ( TGA-DTA/MS ). The pyrolysis processes of PMIA and PPTA are distinguishing, and the stepwise pyrolysates reflect these differences. A mechanism system of pyrolysis is suggested, which involving hydrolysis and homolysis, At low pyrolysis temperatures, hydrolysis is a primary reaction, and it is very noticeable in the first-step pyrolysis region of PMIA. Elevating pyrolysis temperature, homolysis is enhanced and keep a large advantage in the high temperature range. On the other hand, at higher temperatures, carbonization happens and the homolysis and carbonization of PPTA are emphasized more than of PMIA.
基金Supported by the Programfor Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teamin University (No.IRT0526)
文摘As very useful superficial mediflcation agents, the common long perfluoroalkyl -- containing agents are facing the ecological problems, such as persistence, bioacumulatlen, and/or toxicity in the environment. In order to overcome the problems, we designed and synthesized a polyether dioi containing short perfluoroaikyl side chains, which was condensed with diisocyanate to form fluorine-containing aqueous polyurethane. This aqueous polyurethane was applied on cotton fabrics by conventional pad-dry-cure process. The treated cotton fabrics showed good water repellent property with the contact angle reached 131°, and also IXBSessed good washing durability.
文摘The removal of surface oligomers from polyester fiber was investigated by an Ultrasonic / Alkali System. Effects of concentration of alkali, temperature, time and ultrasonic frequency were discussed. It was found tbat Ultrasonic / Alkali System could decrease remarkably surface oligomers content of polyester fiber dyed by HIP without influencing the dyeing properties of the fiber.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Fund ( No.50643014)"Yangtze Scholar and Innovation Team Development Plan"Innovation Team(No.IRT0654)Science Research Fund of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (No.0601065-Y)
文摘An important property of moisture absorption and sweat discharge yarns is their water transport property. In the paper, two water transport models of moisture absorption and sweat discharge yarns were developed to investigate the influence factors on their wicking rate. In parallel Column Pores Model, wicking rate is determined by the equivalent capillary radius R and length of the capillary tube L. In Pellets Accumulation Model, wicking rate is decided by the capillary radius r and length of the fiber unit assemble L0.
文摘This work described the application of wet air oxidation (WAO) to the treatment of desizing wastewater from natural fiber processing. A two-liter autoclave batch reactor was used for the experiments. The range of operating temperature examined was between 150 and 290℃, and partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0.375 to 2.25 MPa standardized at 25℃. Variations in Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) and Total Organic Carbon(TOC) were monitored during each experiment and used to assess the performance of the process. Experimental results showed that WAO can be an efficient method for the treatment of desizing wastewater. Furthermore, Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) was applied to reduce the reaction temperature and pressure in WAO process. A higher COD removal ratio was achieved under more mild reaction condition with the aid of CWAO. A mathematical model was also proposed to simulate the WAO process of desizing wastewater, in which three distinct kinetics steps were considered to describe the degradation of starch. The model simulations were in well agreement with the experimental data.
文摘The methods in testing the bean-protein fiber and the standards used were simply introduced. The fiber's mechanical and chemical performances were further analyzed. And the correlative performance of the bean-protein fibers and other natural fibers have been compared, then full knowledge of the fiber's performance was concluded.
文摘The textile processing plants utilize a wide variety of dyes and other chemicals such as acids, bases, salts, detergents, sizes, oxidants, mercerizing and finishing chemicals. Many of these are not retained in the final product and are discharged in the effluent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactor to treat synthetic textile wastewater. Several experiments using Direct Red 81 and volatile fatty acids as model substrates were conducted. The problems of decolorization was evaluated at a variety of relevant operational conditions, such as substrate concentration, organic and hydraulic loading rates. The results showed that retention time of EGSB equals 1.6 h and 80 mg/L at the hydraulic and dye concentration respectively, and that the color removal efficiency can reach 90%. Additionally, some chemical additions were proposed to improve the decolorization rate and increase the treatment efficiency of the system. For instance, sulfide was added at 200 mg/L in the influent, which can increase the dye removal efficiency to 95%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51308133)Guangdong Provincial National Natural Science Foundation(2014A030308019)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2015A020215016)the support of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
文摘Since the azo dyes widely used in textile-dyeing industry are toxic, highly persistent, and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, their treatment efficiencies and fade in ecosystems have received worldwide attention. Due to the microbes play important roles in azo-dye degradation, exogenous nutrient addition is used as a promising biostimulation strategy to improve the treatment efficiencies of azo-dye wastewater. However, little is known about the effects of different kinds of exogenous nutrients on the azo-dye wastewater treatment directly. Here, three kinds of common nutrients, glucose, starch and yeast extract, were added to the sequencing batch reactors (SBR) for the treatment of wastewater containing acid red 73 to compare the biostimulation efficiencies by investigating the dye's removal efficiencies and the changes of related water qualities. Our results showed that the reactors added yeast extract had highest removal efficiencies and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as well, followed by glucose and starch. The removal rates of acid red 73 and COD were 90.63% and 8713% in the reactors added yeast extract, respectively, while 86.49% and 78.4% in those with glucose and 85.38% and 75.2% in those with starch. This study provided some useful information for the biostimulation strategy of azo-dye wastewater treatment and preliminarily suggested that yeast extract would be the optimal choice.
文摘The objective of this research was to investigate the optimum condition for treatment of textile industrial wastewater from water jet loom machine by chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation methods. The variables of chemical coagulation method were type and amount of chemicals, pH and stirring rate. For electrocoagulation method, the variables were electrode materials, electric potential and contact time. It was found that the optimum condition of chemical coagulation method was 10% (w/w) of aqueous solution of aluminum sulphate 80 mL and 0.01% (w/w) of aqueous solution of coagulant aids, cationic polymer 32 mL per 4 L of wastewater at oH 8. The mixture solution was rapidly stirred with 120 rpm for 1 min and then slowly stirred with 20 rpm for 20 rain. The removal efficiency of turbidity, COD and oil content were 88.88%, 85.20% and 77.72%, respectively. For electrocoagulation method, the optimum condition was using aluminum electrode with 35 V and 150 min of contact time. The removal efficiency of turbidity, COD and oil content were 98.86%, 91.63% and 89.84%, respectively. It can be concluded from this study that the textile industrial wastewater treatment from water jet loom machine with electrocoagulation method is more efficient than that with chemical coagulation method.