统计学符号的书写

按国家标准GB3358．1～3-1993《统计学术》的有关规定书写，常用如下：①样本的算术平均数用英文小写^χ（中位数仍用M）；②标准差用英文小写s；③标准误用英文小写s_χ；④t检验用英文小写t；⑤F检验用英文大写F；⑥卡方检验用希文小写χ^2；⑦相关系数用英文小写r；

Authentication based on feature of hand-written signature

The typical features of the coordinate and the curvature as well as the recorded time information were analyzed in the hand-written signatures.In the hand-written signature process 10 biometric features were summarized:the amount of zero speed in direction x and direction y,the amount of zero acceleration in direction x and direction y,the total time of the hand-written signatures,the total distance of the pen traveling in the hand-written process,the frequency for lifting the pen,the time for lifting the pen,the amount of the pressure higher or lower than the threshold values.The formulae of biometric features extraction were summarized.The Gauss function was used to draw the typical information from the above-mentioned biometric features,with which to establish the hidden Markov mode and to train it.The frame of double authentication was proposed by combing the signature with the digital signature.Web service technology was applied in the system to ensure the security of data transmission.The training practice indicates that the hand-written signature verification can satisfy the needs from the office automation systems.

Gastrointestinal tract modelling in health and disease

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient's condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.

Science of empirical design in mining ground control

Many problems in rock engineering are limited by our imperfect knowledge of the material properties and failure mechanics of rock masses. Mining problems are somewhat unique, however, in that plenty of real world experience is generally available and can be turned into valuable experimental data.Every pillar that is developed, or stope that is mined, represents a full-scale test of a rock mechanics design. By harvesting these data, and then using the appropriate statistical techniques to interpret them,mining engineers have developed powerful design techniques that are widely used around the world.Successful empirical methods are readily accepted because they are simple, transparent, practical, and firmly tethered to reality. The author has been intimately associated with empirical design for his entire career, but his previous publications have described the application of individual techniques to specific problems. The focus of this paper is the process used to develop a successful empirical method. A sixstage process is described: identification of the problem, and of the end users of the final product; development of a conceptual rock mechanics model, and identification of the key parameters in that model;identification of measures for each of the key parameters, and the development of new measures(such as rating scales) where necessary; data sources and data collection; statistical analysis; and packaging of the final product. Each of these stages has its own potential rewards and pitfalls, which will be illustrated by incidents from the author's own experience. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a new and deeper appreciation for empirical techniques, as well as some guidelines and opportunities for future developers.

Reaching proficiency in laparoscopic splenectomy

AIM:To investigate the proficiency level reached in laparoscopic splenectomy using the learning curve method.METHODS:All patients in need of splenectomy for benign causes in whom laparoscopic splenectomy was attempted by a single surgeon during a time period of 6 years were included in the study (n=33). Besides demographics, operation-related variables and the response to surgery were recorded. The patients were allocated to groups of five, ranked according to the date of the operation. Operation duration, complications, postoperative length of stay, conversion to laparotomy and splenic weight were then compared between these groups.RESULTS: There was a significant difference regarding operation times between the groups (P = 0.001). An improvement was observed after the first 5 cases. The learning curve was flat up to the 25th case. Following the 25th case the operation times decreased still further. There was no difference between the groups regarding the other parameters.CONCLUSION: Unlike the widely accepted "L" shape, the learning curve for laparoscopic splenectomy is a horizontal lazy "S" with two distinct slopes. Privileges may be granted after the first 5 cases. However proficiency seems to require 25 cases.

Mirizzi Syndrome: Our Experience with 27 Cases in PUMC Hospital

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of Mirizzi syndrome （MS）. Methods Patients who received elective or emergency cholecystectomies in our center during 23 years were retrospectively evaluated. The data reviewed included demography, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, surgical procedures, postoperative complications, and follow-up.

Log integration on large scale for global networking monitoring

Supposing that the overall situation is dug out from the distributed monitoring nodes, there should be two critical obstacles, heterogenous schema and instance, to integrating heterogeneous data from different monitoring sensors. To tackle the challenge of heterogenous schema, an instance-based approach for schema mapping, named instance-based machine-learning （IML） approach was described. And to solve the problem of heterogenous instance, a novel approach, called statistic-based clustering （SBC） approach, which utilized clustering and statistics technologies to match large scale sources holistically, was also proposed. These two algorithms utilized the machine-leaning and clustering technology to improve the accuracy. Experimental analysis shows that the IML approach is more precise than SBC approach, reaching at least precision of 81% and recall rate of 82%. Simulation studies further show that SBC can tackle large scale sources holisticalty with 85% recall rate when there are 38 data sources.

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY TO POPULATION ESTIMATION

This paper attempts to explore a new avenue of urban small-regional population estimation by remote sensing technology, creatively and comprehensively for the first time using a residence count method, area (density) method and model method, incorporating the application experience of American scholars in the light of the state of our country. Firstly, the author proposes theoretical basis for population estimation by remote sensing, on the basis of analysing and evaluating the history and state quo of application of methods of population estimation by remote sensing. Secondly, two original types of mathematical models of population estimation are developed on the basis of remote sensing data, taking Tianjin City as an example. By both of the mathematical models the regional population may be estimated from remote sensing variable values with high accuracy. The number of the independent variables in the latter model is somewhat smaller and the collection of remote sensing data is somewhat easier, but the deviation is a little larger. Finally, some viewpoints on the principled problems about the practical application of remote sensing to population estimation are put forward.

Review and Prospective on Systems Engineering in China

The origin,formation and evolution of the systems engineering theory accompanied QIAN Xuesen's whole life.The systems engineering theory is the concentrated reflection of QIAN's achievements and theory in all aspects.From returning to China to pioneer China's space industry,creating a new management mode of "one overall design department,two command lines",publishing Organization and Management Technology:Systems Engineering,to proposing the theory of Open Complex Giant System(OCGS) and the theory of Metasynthetic Wisdom,all these mark the formation of the Chinese school of systems engineering.Guided by QIAN's academic ideas,various major Chinese space programs have been implemented successfully which verified the fact that the systems engineering is scientific.The systems engineering has been applied to different fields of the national economy and has a development process with the distinguished characteristics of Chinese systems science.On one hand,the systems engineering is put forward deeply along the traditional systems engineering thought and theory;on the other hand,a batch of innovations that break the traditional shackles have occurred,making the Chinese systems engineering unique and outstanding compared with foreign counterparts.

The Research of Education Technology Based on the SPSS Statistical Software

Through a questionnaire survey of primary and secondary school teachers and Normal Students to carry out a statistical analysis of the data based on SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis software. So we draw primary and secondary school teachers and normal students to arrive at the current status quo of educational technology ability and analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the ability of its parts. Finally, we proposed new initiatives and methods of education and technical ability training.

Discussion on the Application of Complex Power Network to Software Engineering

Along with the further development of science and technology, computer hardware and the Intemet are in a rapid development, and information technology has been widely used in all fields so that complex problems are simply solved. Because of the needs for the development, software starts to mutually integrate with complex power network, making the scale of software increase greatly. Such a growing trend of software promotes soft-ware development to go beyond a general understanding and control and thus a complex system is formed. It is necessary to strengthen the research of complex network theory, and this is a new way to help people study the complexity of software systems. In this paper, the development course of complex dynamic network is introduced simply and the use of complex power network in the software engineering is summarized. Hopefully, this paper can help the crossover study of complex power network and software engineering in the future.

Design and implementation of the system of students information management based on WEB

This paper mainly design B/S system structure and small information management system that often appear some problems of college student information management, combines the actual situation of students and student instructor management work. In the process of the development of the whole system, the main use of Microsoft.NET technology as a whole system of compiler environment, SQL Server 2000 is used in the design of backstage supporter＇ s database, were developed and designed by Visual Studi02005 tool, in exchange for page dynamically selected by the ASP.NET database and system interface between Webpage generation. This system has high reliability, high security, low input, so that the efficiency of information management students to improve.

Structured Graduate Programs Design Proposal for UNEXPO Institutions System

The UNEXPO （National Experimental Polytechnic University） system is a public institution dedicated to teaching and researching in engineering area. It was formed to bring together three main institutes located in Venezuelan cities and three more institutes located in rural areas, so that to collectively and collaboratively serve the regions in optimal ways. The academic activity started in 1982 graduating engineers and technicians, although less effort has shown by authorities to develop programs in graduate engineering areas. A proposal for designing a structured graduate program is presented. The structured program presented, will hopefully set the basis to develop graduate and doctoral studies in engineering and related areas to the whole university system, and to achieve academic and social development to the country.

Research on the Application-oriented Art Academy Studio System based on Computer Technology

Application-oriented art academies are professional institutions in which high importance is attached to the training of skills, and play a great help in the improvement of art majors＇ ability to apply professional knowledge. The establishment of a practice-oriented educational plan is an educational demand on the skills training of art majors. Studio system is one of the very important systems in the educational management of the application-oriented colleges and universities. In this paper, new ideas about the construction of studio system are first elaborated, and then the functional characteristics of computer applied to studio system and the innovation flow of studio system based on computer technology are analyzed. It is hoped that this paper can be helpful for the follow-up studies.

Design of Virtual Simulation Experiment System based on VB and VRML

This paper introduces the design and Realization of NC simulation teaching system based on VB and VRML technology. The paper realize functions using the new Parallel development platform launched by Graphics Company for VRML environment （Cortona SDK）, and uses the object oriented programming method based on ActiveX technology in the technical system. Practice has proved that the system has good stability and strong simulation function.

Using GM to Analyze EST Texts

The role of the grammatical metaphor （GM） theory to systemic-functional linguistics （SFL） as well as to metaphor studies has been generally acknowledged. Based on the framework of GM theory in SFL, this thesis, by conducting a statistical analysis of the distribution of 13 types of GM in 20 English for science and technology （EST） texts which are chosen at random and aimed at different readers, is intended, on the one hand, to test and verify the applicability and feasibility of Halliday＇s grammatical metaphor theory as well as the correctness of Halliday-Martin＇s claim and on the other, to analyze the reasons for using GM, especially experiential GM substantially in EST texts.

Members of University Digital Management Information System Design and Implementation Base on Three-Tier

In accordance with the organizational development process and management of party members, in this article it is based on the C/S and B/S mixed structure to finish the application design of client and servers, and using the language of VB.NET develop with Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, members of University College Digital Management Information System. The system from research projects of Agriculture University Occupation Technical College of Inner Mongolia.

Comparative study of College English traditional listening and speaking mode and network listening and speaking teaching mode

Since 1958 the United States Watson research center designed the world＇ s first computer teaching system, the history of computer technology in education has lasted for over 40 years, with the beginning of digitized audio and global network as a symbol of the information age, the rapid development of multimedia network technology＇ s application crosses various fields, like other areas, foreign language teaching also benefit. January 2004, Department of Higher Education issued a ＂College English Curriculum Requirements＂ （Trial）, which clearly states： ＂It should make full use of opportunities of multimedia, network technology development which is brought about by the introduction of new teaching model to improve the original teachers＇ single classroom teaching mode. The new model should be based on modern information technology support, especially network technology, the English teaching towards individualized learning, independent of time and place restrictions learning, active learning direction. ＂

THE 'HYBRID' TECHNIQUE FOR RISK ANALYSIS OF SOME DISEASES

Based on the data obtained from a survey recently made in Shanghai, this paper presents the hybrid technique for risk analysis and evaluation of some diseases. After determination of main risk factors of these diseases by analysis of variance, the authors introduce a new concept ’Illness Fuzzy Set’ and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to evaluate the risk of suffering from a disease for residents. Optimal technique is used to determine the weights wi in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and a new method ’Improved Information Distribution’ is also introduced for the treatment of small sample problem. It is shown that the results obtained by using the hybrid technique are better than by using single fuzzy technique or single statistical method.

42,573 cases of hepatectomy in China： a multicenter retrospective investigation

Hepatectomy is currently routinely performed in most hospitals in China. China owns the largest population of liver diseases and the biggest number of liver resection cases. A nationwide multicenter retrospective investigation involving 112 hospitals was performed, and focused on liver resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). 42,573 cases of hepatectomy were enrolled, and 18,275 valid cases of liver resection for HCC patients were selected for statistical analysis. The epidemiology of HCC, distribution of hepatectomy, postoperative complications and prognosis were finally analyzed. In the 18,275 HCC patients,81% had hepatitis B virus infection and 10% had hepatitis C virus infection. 38% of the HCC patients had normal Alphafetoprotein(AFP) level, and other 35% had an AFP level lower than 400 ng mL^(-1). In the study period, 97% of the hepatectomy for HCC were treated with open surgery, and 23.81% had vascular exclusion techniques. The operation time was(191.7±105.6) min,the blood loss was(546.0±562.8) m L, and blood transfusion was(543.0±1,035.2) m L. The median survival for HCC patients was 631 days, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of 73.2%, 28.8% and 19.6%, respectively. Liver cirrhosis, multiple nodules,tumor thrombosis and high AFP level were risk factors that affect postoperative survival.