AIM: To compare the racial differences of anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the association of age, gender and time with anatomical distribution between patients from America (white) and...AIM: To compare the racial differences of anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the association of age, gender and time with anatomical distribution between patients from America (white) and China (oriental).METHODS: Data was collected from 690 consecutive patients in Cleveland Clinic Florida, U.S.A. and 870consecutive patients in Nan Fang Hospital affiliated to the First Military Medical University, China over the past 11years from 1990 to 2000. All patients had colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by histology and underwent surgery.RESULTS: The anatomical subsite distribution of tumor,age and gender were significantly different between white and oriental patients. Lesions in the proximal colon (P＜0.001) were found in 36.3 % of white vs 26.0 % of oriental patients and cancers located in the distal colon and rectum in 63.7 % of white and 74 % of oriental patients (P＜0.001). There was a trend towards the redistribution from distal colon and rectum to proximal colon in white males over time, especially in older patients (＞80 years).No significant change of anatomical distribution occurred in white women and Oriental patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.0 years in white patients and 48.3 years in Oriental patients (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: This is the first study comparing the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancers in whites and Chinese patients. White Americans have a higher risk of proximal CRC and this risk increased with time. The proportion of white males with CRC also increased with time.Chinese patients were more likely to have distal CRC and developed the disease at a significantly earlier age than white patients. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the disease process of colorectal cancer in these two races.展开更多
Jade Snow Wong was one of the most famous literary writers to recount the complexity of cross-cultural experiences as Americans became sympathetic toward Chinese at the historic juncture of WWII. Her autobiography, Fi...Jade Snow Wong was one of the most famous literary writers to recount the complexity of cross-cultural experiences as Americans became sympathetic toward Chinese at the historic juncture of WWII. Her autobiography, Fifth Chinese Daughter, once represented early immigrants＇ assimilationist position, yet it was lately reread for the strength of her Chinese heritage in a multicultural American society. To interpret the cultural value of Chinese existence in America, this article analyzes the historic contexts of her story, and argues that her life experiences provide insights into fresh meanings of multiculturalism for various ethnic groups, as well as into the particular importance of Chinese American culture in connecting separate worlds within the world of America.展开更多
Informed by the framework of Halliday＇s Systemic Functional Grammar, this paper compares ＂The Little Mermaid＂ （1872） by Hans Christian Andersen and its parodic version ＂The Little Mer-persun＂ （1995） by James ...Informed by the framework of Halliday＇s Systemic Functional Grammar, this paper compares ＂The Little Mermaid＂ （1872） by Hans Christian Andersen and its parodic version ＂The Little Mer-persun＂ （1995） by James Finn Garner. Andersen＇s story creates gender stereotype by under-representing the heroine as an effectual Actor and Sayer but establishing the image of the hero as a powerful Actor and assertive Sayer. Garner＇s story, on the other hand, tends to subvert the traditional gender stereotype by representing the heroine as a more dynamic Actor and Sayer than the hero and by reversing the power relationship between the two. These differing characterizations reflect the two competing literary traditions and embedded ideologies of romanticist fairy tale genre and modem ＂politically-correct＂ parodic satire展开更多
文摘AIM: To compare the racial differences of anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the association of age, gender and time with anatomical distribution between patients from America (white) and China (oriental).METHODS: Data was collected from 690 consecutive patients in Cleveland Clinic Florida, U.S.A. and 870consecutive patients in Nan Fang Hospital affiliated to the First Military Medical University, China over the past 11years from 1990 to 2000. All patients had colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by histology and underwent surgery.RESULTS: The anatomical subsite distribution of tumor,age and gender were significantly different between white and oriental patients. Lesions in the proximal colon (P＜0.001) were found in 36.3 % of white vs 26.0 % of oriental patients and cancers located in the distal colon and rectum in 63.7 % of white and 74 % of oriental patients (P＜0.001). There was a trend towards the redistribution from distal colon and rectum to proximal colon in white males over time, especially in older patients (＞80 years).No significant change of anatomical distribution occurred in white women and Oriental patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.0 years in white patients and 48.3 years in Oriental patients (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: This is the first study comparing the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancers in whites and Chinese patients. White Americans have a higher risk of proximal CRC and this risk increased with time. The proportion of white males with CRC also increased with time.Chinese patients were more likely to have distal CRC and developed the disease at a significantly earlier age than white patients. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the disease process of colorectal cancer in these two races.
文摘Jade Snow Wong was one of the most famous literary writers to recount the complexity of cross-cultural experiences as Americans became sympathetic toward Chinese at the historic juncture of WWII. Her autobiography, Fifth Chinese Daughter, once represented early immigrants＇ assimilationist position, yet it was lately reread for the strength of her Chinese heritage in a multicultural American society. To interpret the cultural value of Chinese existence in America, this article analyzes the historic contexts of her story, and argues that her life experiences provide insights into fresh meanings of multiculturalism for various ethnic groups, as well as into the particular importance of Chinese American culture in connecting separate worlds within the world of America.
文摘Informed by the framework of Halliday＇s Systemic Functional Grammar, this paper compares ＂The Little Mermaid＂ （1872） by Hans Christian Andersen and its parodic version ＂The Little Mer-persun＂ （1995） by James Finn Garner. Andersen＇s story creates gender stereotype by under-representing the heroine as an effectual Actor and Sayer but establishing the image of the hero as a powerful Actor and assertive Sayer. Garner＇s story, on the other hand, tends to subvert the traditional gender stereotype by representing the heroine as a more dynamic Actor and Sayer than the hero and by reversing the power relationship between the two. These differing characterizations reflect the two competing literary traditions and embedded ideologies of romanticist fairy tale genre and modem ＂politically-correct＂ parodic satire
