困境中的突围——阿宁小说《能耐》人物形象分析

阿宁的长篇小说《能耐》中塑造了陈占文、陈珀、祁淑琴等系列人物形象。贪官陈占文出狱后面临了种种复杂的人事关系,折射出世态炎凉。陈占文的女儿陈珀却在生活的打击中逐渐锻炼成熟,找到了自己的人生道路。贫困生祁淑琴也经受了生活的种种磨难,最终选择回归故乡,奉献青春,也实现了人生的价值。阿宁的笔触深入人物内心,通过几个人物形象的塑造,展现了人性的丰富内涵。

能耐,就是能够忍耐！

韦文军的传奇般的发家史被同行炒得沸沸扬扬,版本众多,他自己也毫不避讳：“其实我是刷马桶出身.”

Corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties of Ti−3Cu alloy prepared by selective laser melting

The corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties of Ti−3Cu alloy prepared by selective laser melting were evaluated using electrochemical experiments and a variety of antibacterial characterization.It is found that the charge transfer resistance of Ti−3Cu alloy was 4.89×10^(5)Ω∙cm^(2),which was doubled the data obtained by CP-Ti alloy.The antibacterial rates of Ti−3Cu alloy against S.mutans and P.gingivalis were 45.0%and 54.5%.And the antibacterial rates increased with the prolongation of cultivation time,reaching up to 62.8%and 68.6%,respectively.The in-situ nano Ti_(2)Cu precipitates were homogeneously distributed in the matrix of the Ti−3Cu alloy,which was the key reason of increasing the corrosion resistance.Additionally,the microscale electric fields between theα-Ti matrix and the Ti_(2)Cu was responsible for the enhancement of the antibacterial properties.

Effect of Mo substitution of Fe on strength and corrosion resistance of AlCoCrFe_(1−x)NiMo_(x) high-entropy alloys

A series of AlCoCrFe_(1−x)NiMo_(x)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)were fabricated and characterized by XRD,SEM,EDS mapping,compression test,hardness and electrochemistry measurements.The research results indicate that after Mo completely replaces Fe,the compressive strength of the alloys can reach 3181 MPa because the addition of Mo can formσphase beneficial to the grain refinement,thereby improving the strength of the alloys.However,the addition of Mo has a detrimental effect on corrosion resistance as a result of formation of galvanic cell between the substrate andσphases.Although most of AlCoCrFe_(1−x)NiMo_(x)have lower corrosion current densities than pristine alloy,a partial Mo substitution(x=0.25)widens the passivation region of HEAs.The inconsistency of mechanical properties with corrosion resistance is ascribed to different roles of Mo in phase formation and protection of passive film.

Corrosion and antimicrobial property of TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O and TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O@CeO_(2)micro-arc oxidation coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloys in natural seawater

Microarc oxidation is an effective surface treatment for improving certain properties of metals and their alloys.In this paper,TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O and TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O@CeO_(2)coatings were prepared on Ti-6Al-4V by microarc oxidation.Thecoatings exhibited good corrosion resistance and antimicrobial properties.X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electronmicroscopy(SEM),and 3D laser confocal were used to characterize the coatings.The properties of TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O and TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O@CeO_(2)coatings were analyzed,including microstructure,surface roughness,corrosion resistance,andantimicrobial properties.The electrochemical results showed that the coatings prepared by microarc oxidation hadenhanced corrosion resistance compared to the substrate.The antibacterial properties of TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O and TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O@CeO_(2)coating against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and plate counting.The antibacterial rate of TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O@CeO_(2)coating was up to 99.70%.In summary,the TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O and TiO_(2)/Cu_(2)O@CeO_(2)coatings prepared by microarc oxidation have a potential application background in the field of marine corrosionprotection and biofouling.

Preparation and curing kinetics of“bottlebrush-like structure”green bio-based ultra-low-temperature polyfarnesene nanocomposites

Based on the requirements of dual-carbon strategy and the major needs of sustainable development,it was of great significance to develop green and environmentally-friendly bio-based rubbers.However,it was difficult for existing rubber materials to simultaneously meet the requirements of low-temperature resistance and excellent dynamic performance,which greatly limited its application in special fields at low temperature.To solve this problem,the bio-based acyclic sesquiterpene compound,trans-β-farnesene was autonomously synthesized by bio-fermentation in our laboratory.

Structure and mechanical properties of thick Cr/Cr_2N/CrN multilayer coating deposited by multi-arc ion plating

A Cr/Cr2N/CrN multilayer coating with a thickness of 24.4 μm was deposited by multi-arc ion plating. The coating was systematically characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry(XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Hardness and adhesion were tested by nanoindentation and scratch tester, respectively. The friction properties were investigated by a reciprocating UMT-3MT ball-on-disk tribometer in air and seawater. The results showed that the multilayer coating consisted of three different layers, with Cr,Cr2N and CrN phases, respectively. Compared with CrN single layer coating, the adhesion of the multilayer coating was improved significantly, the hardness of the multilayer coating was(21±2) GPa. The corrosion resistance of the multilayer coating was also improved in artificial seawater. The friction coefficient of multilayer coating was lower than that of CrN single layer coating both in air and seawater.

Preparation and performance of coating on rare-earth compounds-immersed magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation

A composite ceramic coating containing Y2O3-ZrO2-MgO（YSZ-MgO） was prepared on AZ91D magnesium alloy,which was immersed in Y（NO3）3 aqueous solution as pretreatment,by micro-arc oxidation（MAO） process.The morphology,elemental and phase compositions,corrosion behavior and thermal stability of the coatings were studied by SEM,EDX,XRD,electrochemical corrosion test,high temperature oxidation and thermal shock test.The results show that the coating mainly consists of ZrO2,Y2O3,MgO,Mg2SiO4,and MgF2.Among these compounds,Y2O3 accounts for 26.7% of（Y2O3 ＋ ZrO2）.The thickness of YSZ-MgO coating is smaller than that of ZrO2-MgO coating,but its compactness and surface roughness are better than those of ZrO2-MgO coating.YSZ-MgO coating has a good corrosion resistance,and its corrosion rate in 5% NaCl aqueous solution is lower than that of ZrO2-MgO and only about 8.5% of that of AZ91D magnesium alloy.After oxidation at 410 °C,the mass gain of AZ91D magnesium alloy presents a linear increase with the oxidation time.The YSZ-MgO coating and ZrO2-MgO coating can remarkably decrease the oxidation mass gain.The oxidation mass gain of YSZ-MgO coating is lower than that of ZrO2-MgO coating,especially during a long oxidation period.The thermal shock resistance of YSZ-MgO coating is superior to ZrO2-MgO coating.

Effects of surface roughness of substrate on properties of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings

Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings were deposited on Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates with different surface roughnesses by vacuum cathodic arc deposition method. Microstructure, micro-hardness, adhesion strength and cross-sectional morphology of the obtained multilayer coatings were investigated. The results show that the Vickers hardness of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coating, with a film thickness of 11.37 μm, is 29.36 GPa. The erosion and salt spray resistance performance of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates can be evidently improved by Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coating. The surface roughness of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates plays an important role in determining the mechanical and erosion performances of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings. Overall, a low value of the surface roughness of substrates corresponds to an improved performance of erosion and salt spray resistance of multilayer coatings. The optimized performance of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings can be achieved provided that the surface roughness of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates is lower than 0.4μm.

Effects of Sr and Y on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy

The effects of Sr and Y with different contents on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ31 alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of Sr can obviously reduce the grain size of AZ31 alloy and transform β-Mg 17 Al 12 phase from continuous network to scattered form. Simultaneously, Al 4 Sr phase distributed along the boundaries of grains is formed in AZ31-Sr magnesium alloys. The addition of Sr is not as effective as the simultaneous addition of Sr＋Y for the refinement of grains, and Al 2 Y and Al 3 Y phases are distributed both in intracrystalline and along grain boundaries. The corrosion resistance is improved slightly in AZ31 alloy with simultaneous addition of 0.5%Sr＋Y. Due to its smallest corrosion current density and corrosion rate, the corrosion resistance of AZ31-0.5%Sr-1.5%Y magnesium alloy is proved the best.

Screening and Evaluation of Salt Tolerant Varieties in Peanut

The selection and application of salt tolerance varieties in peanut is impor- tant for the exploitation of saline soil. In this study, 41 peanut varieties were select- ed for the evaluation of salt tolerance in both germination and young seedling stage. The results showed the germination and growth of peanut were significantly inhibited by salt stress, which were enhanced by salt concentration increasing. The 0.5% NaCI was selected as the most suitable concentration for further identification, and the characters in germination stage （including the relative germination potential, relative germination rate and germination index） and young seedling stage （including relative main root length, seedling height, fresh weight, dry weight, et aL） were measured. Cluster analysis showed the varieties could be divided into different groups, and 9 and 3 salt-tolerant varieties were identified in the two stages, respec- tively, including two varieties performed well in both two stages, which could be useful for the breeding of new salt tolerance varieties and the study of salt toler- ance mechanism.

Sedum alfredii : A New Lead-Accumulating Ecotype

hi a survey of plant population, Sedum alfredii Hance, a new lead (Pb)-tolerant and lead (Pb)accumulating ecotype, was found in an old Pb/Zn mining area in Zhejiang Province of China. The growth and Pb content of plant ecotypes being able to and unable to accumulate Pb were studied by hydroponic culture with different concentrations of Pb(NO3)(2). Growth of shoots of accumulating ecotype was not affected by Ph treatments up to 320 mg/L, whereas that of non-accumulating ecotype was inhibited in all Ph treatments. The Ph concentrations in the roots and shoots of accumulating ecotype increased with increasing of Pb level in the nutrient solution. The maximum Ph concentrations in the shoots and roots of accumulating ecotype were 514 mg/kg and 13 922 mg/kg, 2.27 times and 2.62 times as much as that of non-accumulating ecotype, respectively. The highest rate of Pb accumulation of accumulating ecotype was 8.62 mug/plant/d, 7.16 times as much as that of non-accumulating ecotype. Due to its fast growth rate and high Pb-accumulating ability, from a phytoremediation perspective, accumulating ecotype of S. alfredii is a potential plant species for Pb removal from contaminated soils.

In vitro corrosion and antibacterial properties of layer-by-layer assembled GS/PSS coating on AZ31 magnesium alloys

To enhance the corrosion resistance of magnesium（Mg） alloy and to impart its surface with antibacterial functionality for inhibiting biofilm formation and biocorrosion, Mg（OH）2 films were fabricated on AZ31 magnesium alloy substrates by an in-situ hydrothermal method and well-defined multilayer coatings, consisting of gentamicin sulfate（GS） and poly（sodium 4-styrene sulfonate）（PSS）, were prepared via layer-by-layer（Lb L） assembly. The morphologies, chemical compositions and corrosion resistance of the obtained（PSS/GS）n/Mg sample were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical methods and immersion tests. Finally, the bactericidal activity of（PSS/GS）n/Mg samples against Staphylococcus aureus was assessed by the zone of inhibition methods and plate-counting method. The so-synthesized composite coating on the Mg alloy substrates exhibits good corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance, which make them attractive as coatings for medical implanted devices.

Electrodeposition and corrosion resistance of Ni-P-TiN composite coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

In order to improve the corrosion resistance and microhardness of AZ91D magnesium alloy, TiN nanoparticles were addedto fabricate Ni-P-TiN composite coating by electrodeposition. The surface, cross-section morphology and composition wereexamined using SEM, EDS and XRD, and the corrosion resistance was checked by electrochemical technology. The results indicatethat TiN nanoparticles were doped successfully in the Ni-P matrix after a series of complex pretreatments including activation, zincimmersion and pre-electroplating, which enhances the stability of magnesium alloy in electrolyte and the adhesion betweenmagnesium alloy and composite coating. The microhardness of the Ni-P coating increases dramatically by adding TiN nanoparticlesand subsequent heat treatment. The corrosion experimental results indicate that the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-TiN compositecoating is much higher than that of uncoated AZ91D magnesium alloy and similar with Ni-P coating in short immersion time.However, TiN nanoparticles play a significant role in long-term corrosion resistance of composite coatings.

Heat-treated wood and its development in Europe

Efficient use of timber is a vital concern problem, especially in these regions where the forestry coverage ratio is decreasing. Studies on physical modification of wood have been taken more attention due to the increasing attentions on environmental protection. Thermal modification is emphasized and developed quickly in developing countries, especially in European countries. A large number of researches have been conducted and some industrial production plants have been built. This paper reviewed the history of heat treatment, exemplifies the industrial developments in several European countries, summarized the basic principle of heat treatment and describes the environmental characteristics. The properties of heat-treated wood and its usage are also summed up.

Surface modification of biomedical magnesium alloy wires by micro-arc oxidation

Magnesium alloy wires were processed by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） in a modified silicate-phosphate composite electrolyte containing hydroxyapatite （HA） nanopowders and NaOH. Effects of NaOH content in the composite electrolyte on the microstructure and properties of the MAO ceramic coatings on magnesium alloy wires were studied. It is found that the arc voltage of magnesium alloy wires in the micro-arc oxidation process is significantly reduced while the oxidation rate is accelerated. Addition of 2 g/L NaOH in the composite electrolyte is a better choice for improving corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy wires. During early simulated body fluids （SBF） immersion, the micro-arc oxidized magnesium alloy wires undergo a slow and stable degradation. After soaking for 28 d, the protective ceramic coating still shows no damage but significant degradation is observed for magnesium alloy wires after immersion for more than 60 d.

Corrosion behavior of thermal sprayed WC cermet coatings containing metallic binders in saline environment

A series of electrochemical and long-term corrosion tests were carried out in a neutral saline （5%NaCl） vapor of 35 °C on thermal sprayed WC cermet coatings containing different kinds of metallic binders in order to examine the effect of composition of binder materials on the corrosion behavior. The experimental results revealed that the overall corrosion resistance of WC-Co coating was inferior to that of WC-Co-Cr coating. For the coatings without Cr, WC-Co, general corrosion occurred in binder materials in addition to galvanic corrosion between WC particles and metallic binders in the neutral environment. By contrast, the formation of passive film in the form of surface oxide in the coatings containing Cr, WC-Co-Cr, suppressed the binder and metallic binders to be eroded. It is found that the chemical composition of metallic binder materials is one of the important factors influencing the corrosion resistance of HVOF sprayed WC cermet coatings in the neutral vapor.

Effects of surface nanocrystallization on corrosion resistance of β-type titanium alloy

Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was performed on biomedicalβ-type TiNbZrFe alloy for 60 min at room temperature to study the effect of surface nanocrystallization on the corrosion resistance of TiNbZrFe alloy in physiological environment. The surface nanostructure was characterized by TEM, and the electrochemical behaviors of the samples with nanocrystalline layer and coarse grain were comparatively investigated in 0.9% NaCl and 0.2% NaF solutions, respectively. The results indicate that nanocrystallines with the size of 10-30 nm are formed within the surface layer of 30 μm in depth. The nanocrystallized surface behaves higher impedance, more positive corrosion potential and lower corrosion current density in 0.9%NaCl and 0.2%NaF solutions as compared with the coarse grain surface. The improvement of the corrosion resistance is attributed to the rapid formation of stable and dense passive film on the nanocrystallized surface of TiNbZrFe alloy.

Effect of additive BaO on corrosion resistance of xCu/(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4) cermet inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis

xCu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet and 1BaO-xCu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet（x=5,10,17） inert anodes were prepared as potential inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis and their corrosion resistance to traditional electrolyte was studied with anodic current density of 1.0 A/cm2 in laboratory electrolysis.The substantial corrosion of metal Cu was observed,many pores appeared on the surface of anode and electrolytes infiltrated inside anodes during the electrolysis.The wear rates of 5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,1BaO-5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,1BaO-10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） and 1BaO-17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） are 2.15,6.50,8.30,4.88,4.70 and 4.48 cm/a,respectively.The addition of BaO to 10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet and 17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet is advantageous because BaO can effectively promote densification and thus improve corrosion resistance.But the addition of BaO to 5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet is unfavorable to corrosion resistance because additive BaO at the grain boundary of anode accelerates possibly the corrosion of cermet.

Incorporation of Reactive Corrosion Inhibitor in Waterborne Acrylic Polyurethane Coatings and Evaluation of its Corrosion Performance

Hydroxyl-epoxy phosphate （HEP） as a reactive corrosion inhibitor was innovatively synthe- sized by the reaction of bisphenol A epoxy resin with phosphoric acid. HEP was mixed with hydroxyl acrylate resin, and crosslinked with waterborne isocyanate curing agent, which was used to form waterborne HEP/acrylic polyurethane composite （HEP-APU） coatings on Q235 steel surfaces. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves were applied to analyze the corrosion behavior of the HEP-APU coatings in 3.5wt% NaCl solutions. The results indicated that the HEP-APU coatings show a superior passivation property and efficient corrosion protection of Q235 steel. The waterborne acrylic polyurethane coating containing 0.5wt% HEP exhibited the best corrosion performance among all the coating specimens. The improved flash-rust resistance can be attributed to the introduction of the phosphate group which could form phosphate film on the steel substrate.