民族法实施监督的里程碑——简论全国人大常委会首次检查《民族区域自治法》实施情况

民族法实施监督是我国法制监督的重要组成部分,对于民族法的有效贯彻落实具有重要作用。2006年全国人大常委会22年来首次检查《民族区域自治法》实施情况,标志着民族法实施监督工作迈上新台阶,是我国民族法实施监督的里程碑。以全国人大常委会首次检查《民族区域自治法》实施情况为契机,加强和完善民族法实施监督,为少数民族和民族地区全面建设小康社会、构建和谐社会和建设社会主义新农村提供强有力的民族法制保障。

论民族区域自治法与少数民族权益保护——基于云南德宏州的个案研究

本文对《民族区域自治法》在云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州的实施情况进行实地调查的基础上,深入探讨、分析和解释了《民族区域自治法》的实施与少数民族权益保护的内在联系,并对个案调查中存在的问题有针对性地提出了解决问题的途径。

Acute recurrent pancreatitis:An autoimmune disease?

In this review article, we will briefly describe the main characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis and then we will concentrate on our aim, namely, evaluating the clinical characteristics of patients having recurrence of pain from the disease. In fact, the open question is to evaluate the possible presence of autoimmune pancreatitis in patients with an undefined etiology of acute pancreatitis and for this reason we carried out a search in the literature in order to explore this issue. In cases of recurrent attacks of pain in patients with "idiopathic" pancreatitis, we need to keep in mind the possibility that our patients may have autoimmune pancreatitis. Even though the frequency of this disease seems to be quite low, we believe that in the future, by increasing our knowledge on the subject, we will be able to diagnose an ever-increasing number of patients having acute recurrence of pain from autoimmune pancreatitis.

Low-Storage Runge-Kutta Method for Simulating Time-Dependent Quantum Dynamics

A wide range of quantum systems are time-invariant and the corresponding dynamics is dic- tated by linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Although simple in math- ematical concept, the integration of these equations is usually complicated in practice for complex systems, where both the computational time and the memory storage become limit- ing factors. For this reason, low-storage Runge-Kutta methods become increasingly popular for the time integration. This work suggests a series of s-stage sth-order explicit Runge- Kutta methods specific for autonomous linear equations, which only requires two times of the memory storage for the state vector. We also introduce a 13-stage eighth-order scheme for autonomous linear equations, which has optimized stability region and is reduced to a fifth-order method for general equations. These methods exhibit significant performance improvements over the previous general-purpose low-stage schemes. As an example, we ap- ply the integrator to simulate the non-Markovian exciton dynamics in a 15-site linear chain consisting of perylene-bisimide derivatives.

Optimization of S-surface controller for autonomous underwater vehicle with immune-genetic algorithm

To deduce error and fussy work of manual adjustment of parameters for an S-surface controller in underwater vehicle motion control, the immune-genetic optimization of S-surface controller of an underwater vehicle was proposed. The ability of producing various antibodies for the immune algorithm, the self-adjustment of antibody density, and the antigen immune memory were used to realize the rapid convergence of S-surface controller parameters. It avoided loitering near the local peak value. Deduction of the S-surface controller was given. General process of the immune-genetic algorithm was described and immune-genetic optimization of S-surface controller parameters was discussed. Definitive results were obtained from many simulation experiments and lake experiments, which indicate that the algorithm can get good effect in optimizing the nonlinear motion controller parameters of an underwater vehicle.

The Conflict between Patient Autonomy and the Dying Patient Law in Israel

The Dying Patient Law is very controversial in Israel; there are opinions that the reason for the Law was to prevent the court from making decisions on the subject of end of life according to democratic principles. I decided to do this study because I wanted to know if the legal principles of the Law are democratic as were the court rulings or they are only, or mostly, Jewish principles and meant to prevent a democratic ruling in the courts. The work is a review of the Law and the Dying Patient Committee discussions as well as the chairman＇s writings on the Law, critique articles, and a review of democratic and bioethical principles. In this project, I have seen that the underlying basis of the Dying Patient Law is Jewish principles and not democratic principles, although Israel is a declared democratic state. This law illustrates the problem in Israel being both a democratic and a Jewish state. It raises the question： What can be done to resolve the conflict between the Jewish principles and democratic and/or bioethical principles？

Real-valued multi-area self set optimization in immunity-based network intrusion detection system

The real-valued self set in immunity-based network intrusion detection system （INIDS） has some defects： multi-area and overlapping, which are ignored before. The detectors generated by this kind of self set may have the problem of boundary holes between self and nonself regions, and the generation efficiency is low, so that, the self set needs to be optimized before generation stage. This paper proposes a self set optimization algorithm which uses the modified clustering algorithm and Gaussian distribution theory. The clustering deals with multi-area and the Gaussian distribution deals with the overlapping. The algorithm was tested by Iris data and real network data, and the results show that the optimized self set can solve the problem of boundary holes, increase the efficiency of detector generation effectively, and improve the system＇s detection rate.

Innocuous-looking skin scab over an arteriovenous fistula: Case report and literature review

Little is written on the management of an innocuouslooking skin scab over an autogenous arteriovenous fistula(AVF)used for haemodialysis.The seriousness of the underlying pathology can be under-estimated,and this may lead to early loss of the AVF,and majorlife-threatening haemorrhage.We describe the management of a 78-year-old patient presenting with an innocuous-looking scab over an AVF and review the pertinent literature on this subject.

Chinese and Western medicine treatment of blocking antibody in recurrent spontaneous abortion

The causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion are complex traditional Chinese medicine holds that its etiology is losses of spleen and kidney qi, qi and xue deficiency, in addition to secretion, genetic, anatomical, infection, systemic diseases, environmental factors and other related immune factors, the deficiency of blocking antibody is also one of the reasons for the lack of immune factors. In treating it, Chinese medicine treatment combines the patients personal constitution and treatment based on syndrome differentiation; Western medicine treatment mainly applies Aspirin, active immune lymphocyte treatment, low molecular heparin, gamma globulin protein passive immune treatment and psychological intervention therapy. In this paper, a review of the treatment methods for closed antibodies in the past 5 years is made.

Political Frustration, Trauma, and Self-therapy from Nature： Life and Freedom

When ancient Chinese literatus suffered political frustration, they generally experienced tremendous emotional and psychological traumas. These traumas are entangled with disappointment, anger, fear, grief, desolation, and other emotions. In most cases, the literatus would turn to nature for relaxation and freedom, composing a lot of literatures in an attempt to reflect on the meaning of life. In this paper, I will analyze the written works of Qu Yuan, the Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove （~tJ~$qS~）, Liu Zongyuan, and Su Shi after they suffered political frustration to： （1） describe how their emotions changed; （2） illustrate how they built relationships between nature and self to relieve their frustrations; （3） clarify during these reflecting processes how they actually experienced the transformation and pursued the meaning of life; and （4） illuminate the significance of these pursuits, not only in spurring the boom of literal naturalism, but also in passing on the message for the current era with the joint crises of humans and the environment, to heal the earth and free themselves.

Using the Chinese-Spanish Dictionary by Video： Methodological Guidelines for the Design

The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the methodological guidelines that directed the design, production, and use of the video program 衹要功夫深,铁棒磨成针 or How to Use the Chinese Dictionary： Beginners＇ Level, as well as expose the development phases of the program and its use by teachers in the classrooms of Chinese as a foreign language. This program is part of a series of videos about the use of dictionaries in different languages, which have been designed, produced, used, and assessed in the framework of the project ＂Diseno y produccion de material didctico en video para la ensefianza de lenguas en la UNAM＂ （Design and Production of Didactic Materials on Video for the Teaching of Languages at UNAM）, just as presented at the II Congreso Internacional de Lexicografia Hispanica （II International Congress of Hispanic Lexicography） （2006）. The topic Of this paper is the use of Chinese-Spanish bilingual dictionary. The method used was descriptive and systematic analysis methodological guidelines for creation derived from the design model proposed.

THE INNER-SYSTEM LABELING ALGORITHM AND ITS FAIRNESS ANALYSIS

On the basis of inner-system labeling signaling used in the integrated access system,a kind of inner-system labeling algorithm is introduced in this paper, and the fairness of the algorithm for each traffic stream in the integrated-services is analyzed. The base of this algorithm is Class of Services (CoS), and each packet entering the relative independent area (an autonomous system) would be labeled according to the service type or Quality of Service (QoS) in demand,and be scheduled and managed within the system (the system can be enlarged if conforming to the same protocol). The experimental results show that each of the stream rate in the integratedservices would converge to a stable value if the rates of transmitting converge to that of the receiving exponentially, that is, the effective traffic of each stream would be fair.

A Fast Underwater Optical Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on a Histogram Weighted Fuzzy C-means Improved by PSO

The S/N of an underwater image is low and has a fuzzy edge.If using traditional methods to process it directly,the result is not satisfying.Though the traditional fuzzy C-means algorithm can sometimes divide the image into object and background,its time-consuming computation is often an obstacle.The mission of the vision system of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is to rapidly and exactly deal with the information about the object in a complex environment for the AUV to use the obtained result to execute the next task.So,by using the statistical characteristics of the gray image histogram,a fast and effective fuzzy C-means underwater image segmentation algorithm was presented.With the weighted histogram modifying the fuzzy membership,the above algorithm can not only cut down on a large amount of data processing and storage during the computation process compared with the traditional algorithm,so as to speed up the efficiency of the segmentation,but also improve the quality of underwater image segmentation.Finally,particle swarm optimization (PSO) described by the sine function was introduced to the algorithm mentioned above.It made up for the shortcomings that the FCM algorithm can not get the global optimal solution.Thus,on the one hand,it considers the global impact and achieves the local optimal solution,and on the other hand,further greatly increases the computing speed.Experimental results indicate that the novel algorithm can reach a better segmentation quality and the processing time of each image is reduced.They enhance efficiency and satisfy the requirements of a highly effective,real-time AUV.

The Public Health VS the People＇s Autonomy： Banning Smoking in Orthodox Jewish Community

Smoking is a worldwide problem. Research in recent years has shown us that smoking and second hand smoking can cause many diseases1. As a result of the understanding of the results of smoking, the house of legislator in Israel decided to legislate a law that people under the age of 18 cannot smoke and, a couple of years later, it decided to ban smoking in public places. The problem begins when the law is affecting the person＇s autonomy and the person＇s culture. More than four decades ago when the smoking habit began in Israel, no one knew what the influence would be. Now, although that information is available, the orthodox community in Israel is not exposed to the knowledge. Smoking in this community begins from Purima or from the Bar-Mitzvah3 and from the will of the young orthodox to rebel. This law raises a question： Is it ethical to deprive the young orthodox of the right to smoke？ Alternatively, is there a better way to stop the orthodox from smoking than only the regulation？ In this paper, the author will try to show that regulation alone will not help in the orthodox community, and we need to think on more options to make the orthodox more informed to smoking problems. The author thinks that the best way will be to educate the orthodox community from young age.

Semi-physical simulation of AUV pipeline tracking

Before the task of autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) was implemented actually,its semi-physical simulation system of pipeline tracking had been designed.This semi-physical simulation system was used to test the software logic,hardware architecture,data interface and reliability of the control system.To implement this system,the whole system plan,including interface computer and the methods of pipeline tracking,was described.Compared to numerical simulation,the semi-physical simulation was used to test the real software and hardware more veritably.In the semi-physical simulation system,tracking experiments of both straight lines and polygonal lines were carried out,considering the influence of ocean current and the situation of buried pipeline.The experimental results indicate that the AUV can do pipeline tracking task,when angles of pipeline are 15°,30°,45° and 60°.In the ocean current of 2 knots,AUV could track buried pipeline.

An extended high-dimensional Melnikov analysis for global and chaotic dynamics of a non-autonomous rectangular buckled thin plate

By using an extended Melnikov method on multi-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems with perturbations,the global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics are investigated for a parametrically excited,simply supported rectangular buckled thin plate.The formulas of the rectangular buckled thin plate are derived by using the von Karman type equation.The two cases of the buckling for the rectangular thin plate are considered.With the aid of Galerkin's approach,a two-degree-of-freedom nonautonomous nonlinear system is obtained for the non-autonomous rectangular buckled thin plate.The high-dimensional Melnikov method developed by Yagasaki is directly employed to the non-autonomous ordinary differential equation of motion to analyze the global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics of the rectangular buckled thin plate.Numerical method is used to find the chaotic responses of the non-autonomous rectangular buckled thin plate.The results obtained here indicate that the chaotic motions can occur in the parametrically excited,simply supported rectangular buckled thin plate.

Norms of legality in relation to the validity of juristic acts (rechtsgesch(?)ft):the influence of public law on the effect of juristic acts and its limitations

It is a common principle in all countries that juristic acts that violate jus cogens are invalid. This may be termed ＂norms of legality＂ in relation to the effect of juristic acts （Rechtsgeschaft）. This refers only to jus cogens in public law, since jus cogens in private law is self-governing or autonomous in nature and its violation results at worst in ineffectiveness rather than invalidity. In determining whether legal acts that contravene public law are valid, the objectives of the related public laws must be examined and the principle of proportionality applied to limit the interpretation of the objectives of the public law in question, in order to further distinguish obligations in public law from those in private law. Local laws and administrative rules cannot be excluded completely in the application of civil law. Violation of the law and violation of public order and good custom have totally different effects and cannot be treated as the same thing.

Travelling wave solutions of a generalized Camassa-Holm-Degasperis-Procesi equation

The travelling wave solutions of a generalized Camassa-Holm-Degasperis-Procesi equation ut-uxxt + (1 + b)umux = buxuxx + uuxxx are considered where b > 1 and m are positive integers. The qualitative analysis methods of planar autonomous systems yield its phase portraits. Its soliton wave solutions, kink or antikink wave solutions, peakon wave solutions, compacton wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and periodic cusp wave solutions are obtained. Some numerical simulations of these solutions are also given.