关于制定《自然保护区法》的论证

为了进一步推进自然保护区的保护、建设和管理工作,我国应当抓紧制定《自然保护区法》。该法的调整对象,是指由于对自然保护区进行保护、建设和管理而产生和存在的社会关系。自然保护区立法应本着协调好自然保护区共性和个性的原则、严格管理和保护的原则,以及对海洋保护区给予更多政策倾斜的原则。

我国将制定《自然保护区法》

列入十届全国人大常委会立法规划的第二类。负责该草案起草工作的全国人大环境与资源保护委员会负责人日前表示，将尽快开展有关立法研究工作。在深入调查研究的基础上，着手进行法律草案起草工作。

论湿地自然保护区跨部门管理的法律问题

湿地自然保护区是由水、土、生物和人构成的生态系统,其自然资源和自然环境管理必然涉及多个管理部门。因此,应当按照生态系统管理思想,建立协调管理机制,成立合作管理机构,对湿地自然保护区自然资源和自然环境进行综合管理。《自然保护区法》等法律、法规中应当安排适当的原则和规则,综合考虑自然保护区跨部门管理问题。

我国拟起草《自然保护区法》

全国人大环境与资源保护委员会主任委员毛如柏在日前举行的“中国自然保护区合作管理研究国际研讨会”上透露，目前中国自然保护区应有的法律地位尚未完全明确，现行的以《自然保护区条例》为核心的法规体系已不能适应自然保护区发展的需要。全国人大环资委正在酝酿起草《自然保护区法》，初步打算在2006年向全国人大提交草案。

七起破坏保护区案件被通报

国家环保总局有关负责人最近向媒体通报了内蒙古九峰山省（自治区）级自然保护区内众多采煤企业违法生产、破坏生态环境等7个破坏自然保护区的典型违法案件。国家环保总局将坚决依法查处破坏自然保护区的违法违规行为，维护国家生态安全。针对此次检查发现和暴露出的问题，积极配合全国人大加快制订《自然保护区法》，建立自然保护区评估和升降级制度，加强统一监管。

生态文明、国土绿化与相关立法

周训芳撰文《生态文明、国土绿化与相关立法》指出，在环境事件频发的今天，有三项重要的环境资源保护立法格外引入注目：一是《自然保护区法》的制定，二是《环境保护法》的修改，三是《中华人民共和国森林法》（简称《森林法》）的修改。上述三项立法，均涉及生态建设、环境保护和资源管理相关部门之间的利益格局调整，因此，注定会经历一个步履蹒跚、充满艰难、旷日持久的立法过程。

“两会”代表关注环保热点难点问题

今年“两会”期间,代表所提交的议案涉及环保、生态、饮用水安全等方面的议案53件,主要集中在环保热点和难点问题上。代表们认为，20年来，我国的经济社会和环境形势都发生了很大的变化,《环保法》是基于当时的立法背景，已明显滞后于当前的经济社会和环境保护形势，建议加快《环保法》的修改进程。有105名代表提出了《关于制定自然保护区法的议案》，建议加快《自然保护区法》的立法进程，注重和国家主体功能区、国家生态功能区做好衔接。代表们还针对可再生能源、大气污染防治及生态补偿等领域存在的法律缺位问题，

我国逾1／7陆地国土被“自然保护”

记者日前从中国《自然保护区法》前期调研工作国际研讨会上了解到，截至2004年底，我国已建成各种类型、不同级别的自然保护区2194个，总面积达14822．58万hm^2．我国陆地自然保护区面积占陆地国土总面积的比例已由1965年的0.07％上升到2004年的14．81％。换句话说，我国逾1／7陆地国土被“自然保护”。

Reconstruction of October Mean Temperature since 1796 in Wuying Based on Tree Ring Data

The monthly mean temperature for October in the Fenglin National Natural Reserve of Wuying, in Heilongjiang province, was reconstructed for the period running from 1796 to 2004 using RES tree ring chronology. The explained variance of the reconstruction is 34.8%. In the past 209 years, there are 4 colder and 4 warmer periods according to the reconstructed series. A period of 3.33-year is found significant based on the power spectrum method. Abrupt changes are also detected in the reconstructed series with 30-year time scale based on the smoothing t-test, smoothing F-test and Le Page test methods. Significant abrupt changes in mean value are observed for around 1871 and 1900, and a significant abrupt change in standard deviation is observed for around 1851.

The Policies of Seismic Risk Management： Case of the Protected Areas of Dellys and Tenes Cities, Algeria

The greater part of urban heritage, especially of the medium and small Algerian cities, is subject to a major seismic risk. The probability of a happening earthquake is strong, and the territories vulnerability is great. Legislative procedures are implemented to support urban heritage and managing natural disasters. In fact, the PPSMVSS （permanent plan of safeguard and enhancement of saved sectors） as an instrument of protection, preservation and enhancement of this heritage, in its content, does not guide decision makers on how to manage the vulnerability of preserved areas from the earthquake. After the disaster of the earthquake that hit the Algerian Centre （wilaya of Boumerdes） in 2003. A legislative framework was created while other texts have been adapted. Emergency measures operations are launched to preserve the under threat monuments and protected areas. Saved sectors of Dellys, in the wilaya of Boumerdes and T6n^s in the wilaya of Chlef, are all the time subjected to seismic risk. This article presents a comparative study of two PPSMVSS, Dellys and T6n6s, and the management of the vulnerability of their two safeguarded areas. As a result of this study, some indicators were identified to allow the development of plans for the protection and management natural risks of these protected areas.

Reserve network planning for fishes in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin by systematic conservation approaches

Although China has established more than 600 wetland nature reserves, conservation gaps still exist for many species, especially for freshwater fishes. Underlying this problem is the fact that top-level planning is missing in the construction of nature reserves. To promote the development of nature reserves for fishes, this study took the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin(MLYRB) as an example to carry out top-level reserve network planning for fishes using approaches of systematic conservation planning. Typical fish species living in freshwater habitats were defined and considered in the planning. Based on sample data collected from large quantities of literatures, continuous distribution patterns of 142 fishes were obtained with species distribution modeling and subsequent processing, and the distributions of another eleven species were artificially designated. With the distribution pattern of species, Marxan was used to carry out conservation planning. To obtain ideal solutions with representativeness, persistence, and efficiency, parameters were set with careful consideration regarding existing wetland reserves, human disturbances, hydrological connectivity, and representation targets of species. Marxan produced the selection frequency of planning units(PUs) and a best solution. Selection frequency indicates the relative protection importance of a PU. The best solution is a representative of ideal fish reserve networks. Both of the PUs with high selection frequency and those in the best solution have low proportions included in existing wetland nature reserves, suggesting that there are significant conservation gaps for fish species in MLYRB. The best solution could serve as a reference for establishing a fish reserve network in the MLYRB. There is great flexibility for replacing selected PUs in the solution, and such flexibility facilitates the implementation of the solution in reality in case of unexpected obstacles. Further, we suggested adopting a freshwater management framework in the implementation of such solution.

Comparison of Extrapolation and Interpolation Methods for Estimating Daily Photosynthetically Active Radiation(PAR)——A Case Study of the Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve,China

Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, which are indispensable for simulating plant growth and productivity, are generally very scarce. This study aimed to compare two extrapolation and one interpolation methods for estimating daily PAR reaching the earth surface within the Poyang Lake national nature reserve, China. The daily global solar radiation records at Nanchang meteorological station and daily sunshine duration measurements at nine meteorological stations around Poyang Lake were obtained to achieve the objective. Two extrapolation methods of PARs using recorded and estimated global solar radiation at Nanchang station and three stations （Yongxiu, Xingzi and Duchang） near the nature reserve were carried out, respectively, and a spatial interpolation method combining triangulated irregular network （TIN） and inverse distance weighting （IDW） was imple- mented to estimate daily PAR. The performance evaluation of the three methods using the PARs measured at Dahuchi Conservation Station （day number of measurement = 105 days） revealed that： （1） the spatial interpolation method achieved the best PAR estima- tion （R2 - 0.89, s.c. = 0.99, F= 830.02, P 〈 0.001 ）; （2） the extrapolation method from Nanchang station obtained an unbiased result （R2 = 0.88, s.c. = 0.99, F = 745.29, P 〈 0.001）; however, （3） the extrapolation methods from Yongxiu, Xingzi and Duchang stations were not suitable for this specific site for their biased estimations. Considering the assumptions and principles supporting the extrapolation and interpolation methods, the authors conclude that the spatial interpolation method produces more reliable results than the extrapolation methods and holds the greatest potential in all tested methods, and more PAR measurements should be recorded to evaluate the seasonal, yearly and spatial stabilities of these models for their application to the whole nature reserve of Poyang Lake.