作为“诗的内在精神”与“技巧”的节奏--对《节奏与中国现代诗歌》的语言学考察

中国现代诗歌追求散文化,在已经有了丰硕的创作成果的前提下,其能否成立却至今是一个聚讼纷纭的话题,造成这一现象的一个重要原因在于相应理论话语的缺失。王雪松努力建立的“节奏研究框架”为“节奏”话语体系的建构奠定了坚实的基础,有望将中国现代诗歌批评与研究从“格律”话语体系中解救出来,进而化解追求散文化的中国现代诗歌对于自身是否成立的怀疑与焦虑。中国现代诗歌节奏研究仍有着诸多困惑,需要众多学科的共同参与和助力,其中更不能少了哲学思辨的助力,而在哲学已经实现语言学转向的今天,中国现代诗歌节奏研究在哲学思辨上遭遇的困惑从某种意义上都可以归结为语言学困惑,因此对王雪松的中国现代诗歌节奏研究进行语言学考察就是十分必要的。

中国现代诗歌本体研究的深入推进--评王雪松著《节奏与中国现代诗歌》

在中国现代诗歌研究领域,有关诗歌形式本体的话题持续得到关注,由王雪松所著的《节奏与中国现代诗歌》正是诗歌本体研究的深入推进。王雪松将中国现代诗歌节奏置于中西方比较的视野中进行观照,同时援引语言学和心理学相关理论,采取了共时性研究与历时性研究相结合的方式。该书从诗歌节奏原理出发,结合具体的诗歌节奏实践文本,梳理了新诗的节奏学说,总结了相关节奏形态,初步建立了中国现代诗歌节奏诗学研究的体系,并阐释了该节奏体系的运转机制。

节奏:新诗的形式之美--《节奏与中国现代诗歌》评议

节奏是中国新诗诗体建构的重要组成部分与本质性诗学元素。王雪松教授的专著《节奏与中国现代诗歌》经由概念论、历史论和比较论三条路径全面考察了中国现代诗歌节奏原理机制、诗学理论和创作实践。该论著在概念上扩大了新诗节奏的外延并适当调整了节奏理论系统的内部结构,使之适应多变的新诗文本现象;从语言本质、传播接受和传统影响三个方面描述了新诗节奏形态与功能的现代性特征;通过新诗史上几种代表性节奏观的梳理,打开了新诗发展不同阶段的节奏美学空间。王雪松的研究尝试建构一个新诗节奏理论体系和阐释平台,具有一定的现实意义,是近年来新诗本体研究领域的重要研究成果。

俄罗斯芭蕾与英国小杂志《节奏》

俄罗斯芭蕾对英国现代主义的形成产生过重要影响,其主要媒介之一是1910年代在英国伦敦兴起的小杂志。本文以英国文学小杂志《节奏》为例,通过分析杂志中的俄罗斯芭蕾插图及其评论,论述它与野兽派和后印象画派的关系,审视俄罗斯元素所折射出的英国文艺界面临的问题和困境,揭示俄罗斯艺术在英国现代主义文学发展史上的历史作用。

译著《节奏、色彩和鸟类学的论著——德彪西的音乐》所引发的思考

本文为作者在翻译梅西安所著《节奏、色彩和鸟类学的论著——德彪西的音乐》过程中的些许思考。一方面寻找进入梅西安音乐世界的"解码",另从音乐创作技术与创作理念方面,"解读"梅西安所受到的德彪西的影响,并"解决"当下作品分析课程教学的困惑。

列斐伏尔《节奏分析:空间、时间和日常生活》一书的结构

《节奏分析:空间、时间和日常生活》是法国哲学家列斐伏尔思考资本主义条件下异化问题的核心著作,这部著作构建了一个有关节奏化与异化的哲学体系。该著作七大章节之间具有深层次的逻辑关系,其中,节奏化即异化是该书作出的基本判断,"节奏分析"和"身体"是其基本的建构主线。

节奏

有那么一天 再相约 你依然说忙 你忙 那只好忙

行为艺术表演《节奏0》背后的社会学思考

玛丽娜·阿布拉莫维奇"节奏系列"中的《节奏0》,作为一场行为艺术表演,初衷是想知道人们在卸除责任的情况下会做出何等程度的事,而在表演过程中由于失范而出现了社会越轨行为,幸而最后关头有人在文化控制的内化下阻止了危及表演者生命的行为。这场如实验般的表演表明,在社会中,准确把握社会控制的度,实现适量的社会控制是不可或缺的。同时,这个表演的发展也印证了破窗理论。

节奏与舞韵

对于爱乐辈中的"普罗群",去现场欣赏高水平的音乐会的机会肯定是不多的.好在,如今可以借助电视画面和录音来弥补此种不足.这里,DVD音乐碟是个很重要的载体,它可以完整记录下演出的实况,让影音再现艺术家们的风采.

“新生代”教师(下) 之三 每个人都似“一本打开的书”——“新生代”教师的故事

很多并不起眼的小事，决定了一个人的人生走向。谁也没有想到，“节奏”两个字让我悟了很长时间才觉得似乎走进了语文教学之门。

Pituitary hormone circadian rhythm alterations in cirrhosis patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy

AIM:To analyze pituitary hormone and melatonin circadian rhythms, and to correlate hormonal alterations with clinical performance, hepatic disease severity and diagnostic tests used for the detection of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. METHODS:Twenty-six patients with cirrhosis were enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients hospitalized for systemic diseases not affecting the liver were included as controls. Liver disease severity was assessed by the Child-Pugh score. All patients underwent detailed neurological assessment, electroencephalogram (EEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assays of pituitary hormone, cortisol and melatonin, and complete blood chemistry evaluation. RESULTS: Pituitary hormone and melatonin circadian patterns were altered in cirrhosis patients without clinical encephalopathy. Circadian hormone alterations were different in cirrhosis patients compared with controls. Although cortisol secretion was not altered in any patient with cirrhosis, the basal cortisol levels were lowand correlated with EEG and brain MRI abnormalities. Melatonin was the only hormone associated with the severity of liver insufficiency. CONCLUSION: Abnormal pituitary hormone and melatonin circadian patterns are present in cirrhosis before the development of hepatic encephalopathy. These abnormalities may be early indicators of impending hepatic encephalopathy. Factors affecting the human biologic clock at the early stages of liver insufficiency require further study.

Common genetic variations in CLOCK transcription factor are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

To investigate the role of gene variants and derived haplotypes of the CLOCK transcription factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFID） and their relation with the disease severity.METHODS： A total of 136 patients with NAFLD and 64 healthy individuals were studied. Liver biopsy was performed in 91 patients. Six tag SNPs showing a minor allele frequency 〉 10% （rs1554483 C/G; rs11932595 A/G; rs4580704 C/G; rs6843722 A/C; rs6850524 C/G and rs4864548 A/G） encompassing 117 kb of chromosome 4 and representing 115 polymorphic sites （P 〉 0.8） were genotyped. RESULTS： rs11932595 and rs6843722 showed significant associations with NAFLD （empiric P = 0.0449 and 0.023, respectively）. A significant association was also observed between clinical or histologic spectrum of NAFLD and rs1554483 （empiric P = 0.0399）, rs6843722 （empiric P = 0.0229） and rs6850524 （empiric P = 0.00899） and between fibrosis score and rs1554483 （empiric P = 0.02697）, rs6843722 （empiric P = 0.01898） and rs4864548 （empiric P = 0.02697）. Test of haplotypic association showed that CLOCK gene variant haplotypes frequencies in NAFLD individuals significantly differed from those in controls （empiric P = 0.0097）.CONCLUSION： Our study suggests a potential role of the CLOCK polymorphisms and their haplotypes insusceptibility to NAFLD and disease severity.

Effects of photoperiod on daily activity rhythm of juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

In nature, Apostichopus japonicus exhibits a behavioral characteristic of emerging at night and sheltering during the day. Hence, it was commonly believed that longer and darker light conditions are better for a population of A. japonicus. In aquaculture situations therefore, animals have commonly been cultured without lighting, especially during juvenile-hatching culture. However, how the length of darkness each day affects .4.japonicus and what the mechanism is of behavioral response of A. japonicus to different photoperiods remain unclear, and are specifically addressed in this study. We applied nine photoperiod treatments （light：dark （LD） cycles at 0：24, 3：21, 6：18, 9：15, 12：12, 15：9, 18：6, 21：3, and 24：0 under 500Ix） to 60 individuals （29.73±0.23 g） per treatment （with 3 replicates）. The enviroramental conditions were set as： water temperature = 16.9±0.3℃, dissolved oxygen〉6.0 rag/L, ammonia〈0.3 mg/L, pH=7.8-8.2, and salinity=30-32. Under experimental conditions of continuous darkness as well as continuous light, cyclic nocturnal activity patterns of A. japonicus （viz. the animals emerged and fed at night and sheltered during the day） were observed. However, they spent more and less time, respectively, moving and feeding under continuous darkness and continuous light, than those under a natural light cycle. Under photoperiods with 6-12 h of light, the animals showed one sheltering behavior transition and two emerging behavior transitions. These behavior transitions appeared to be governed by some internal physiological factors and induced by daily light variation. The behavior of the animals was significantly affected by different photoperiods, and the distribution rate （DR） of the animals emerging at ＂daytime＂ increased with lengthening ＂light time＂ （except for the LD 3：21 cycle）. We also found that there was no significant difference in mean DR per day under LD cycles of 6：18, 9：15, 15：9, and 12：12. Mean DRs per day were significantly lower for these photoperiods, than for those under LD cycles of 0：24 and 3：21, and significantly higher than for those under LD cycles of 18：6, 21：3 and 24：0. These results imply that 6-15 h light per day were the similar photoperiods to natural sunlight. From the viewpoint of activity and feeding behaviors, these might be the optimal photoperiods for rearing A. japonicus.

Effect of dynamic light at the coronary care unit on the length of hospital stay and development of delirium： a retrospective cohort study

Background Disturbed circadian rhythm is a potential cause of delirium and is linked to disorganisation of the circadian rhythmicity. Dynamic light （DL） could reset the circadian rhythm by activation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus to prevent delirium. Evidence regarding the effects of light therapy is predominantly focused on psychiatric disorders and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In this study, we investi- gated the effect of DL on the total hospital length of stay （LOS） and occurrence of delirium in patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit （CCU）. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients older than 18 years, who were hospitalized longer than 12 h at the CCU and had a total hospital LOS for at least 24 h, were included. Patients were assigned to a room with DL （n = 369） or regular lighting condi- tions （n = 379）. DL was administered at the CCU by two ceiling-mounted light panels delivering light with a colour temperature between 2700 and 6500 degrees Kelvin. Reported outcome data were： total hospital LOS, delirium incidence, consultation of a geriatrician and the amount of prescripted antipsychotics. Results Between May 2015 and May 2016, data from 748 patients were collected. Baseline charac- teristics, including risk factors provoking delirium, were equal in both groups. Median total hospital LOS in the DL group was 100.5 （70.8-186.0） and 101.0 （73.0-176.4） h in the control group （P = 0.935）. The incidence of delirium in the DL and control group was 5.4% （20/369） and 5.0% （19/379）, respectively （P = 0.802）. No significant differences between the DL and control group were observed in secon- dary endpoints. Subgroup analysis based on age and CCU LOS also showed no differences. Conclusion Our study suggests exposure to DL as an early single approach does not result in a reduction of total hospital LOS or reduced incidence of delirium. When delirium was diagnosed, it was associated with poor hospital outcome.

The trend of change in catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for the management of atrial fibrillation over time： a meta-analysis and meta-regression

Objective To evaluate the trend of change in the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy （ADT） for rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation （AF） over time. Methods The online databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies. STATA software （version 12.0） was used to perform the meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results Fifteen randomized controlled trials including 2249 patients with AF were identified. The pooled results showed that catheter ablation was associated with a 52% reduction in the risk of AF recurrence compared with ADT [risk ratio （RR） = 0.48, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.40-0.57, I2 = 70.7%）. Subgroup analyses showed that catheter ablation exhibited less efficacy in studies after 2011 compared to studies before 2011 （RR = 0.61, 95% CI： 0.54-0.68, I2 = 9.3% and RR = 0.34, 95% CI： 0.24-0.47, I2 = 69.9%, respectively）, and the safety outcome showed a 1.08-fold higher incidence of adverse events （14.2% vs. 7.3%; RR = 1.08, 95% CI： 1.04-1.13） in studies after 2011. Conclusions Catheter ablation appears to be superior to ADT for rhythm control. However, less efficacy and a higher rate of adverse events were observed in studies after 2011 compared to studies before 2011.

Central pattern generation underlying Limulus rhythmic behavior patterns

Many behavioral activities of the horseshoe crab Limulus are rhythmic, and most of these are produced in large part by central pattern generators within the CNS. The chain of opisthosomal （‘abdominal＇） ganglia controls gill movements of ventilation and gill cleaning, and the prosomal ring of fused ganglia （brain and segmental ‘thoracic＇ ganglia） controls generation of feeding and locomotor movements of the legs. Both the opisthosomal CNS and the prosomal CNS can generate behaviorally ap- propriate patterns of motor output in isolation, without movements or sensory input. Preparations of the isolated opisthosomal CNS generate rhythmic output patterns of motor activity characterized as fictive ventilatory and gill cleaning rhythms. Moreover, CNS preparations also express longer-term patterns, such as intermittent ventilation or sequential bouts of ventilation and gill cleaning. Such longer-term patterns are commonly observed in intact animals. The isolated prosomal CNS does not spontaneously generate the activity patterns characteristic of walking, swimming, and feeding. However, perfusion of octopamine in the isolated prosomal CNS activates central pattern generators underlying rhythmic chewing movements, and injection of octopamine into in- tact Limulus promotes the chewing pattern of feeding, whether or not food is presented. Our understanding of the ability of neu-romodulators such as octopamine to elicit or alter central motor programs may help to clarify the central neural circuits of pattern generation that oroduce and coordinate these rhythmic behaviors

Theoretical Study on Electronic Gain-and-loss Properties of TEMPO and Its Derivates in Charge/Discharge Processes

Theoretical study on the electronic structures and related properties of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl- l-piperidinyloxy （TEMPO） and its cationic lipid derivates in the charge/discharge processes has been carried out using the density functional theory （DFT） at the （U）B3LYP/6-31G（d,p） or 6-31＋G（d,p） level. The changes and regularities of geometric and electronic properties of these compounds in the charge/discharge processes were revealed in detail. The compu- tational results show that the substitute group plays a very important role in the electronic structures and related properties of TEMPOs during the charge/discharge processes. It is very interesting to find that after getting an electron, TEMPO is more stable in singlet state but the lipid is more stable in triplet state. For TEMPO, both the charge and the discharge processes greatly influence the electronic properties of N and O atoms of the radical part. For the cationic lipid, the discharge process mainly influences the pyridinium head and the charge process mainly influences the free radical head. Moreover, the solvent effect plays an important role in some bond lengths and the charge population of the free radical head. In addition, the UV-Vis absorption spectra simulated using TDDFT at the 6-31G（d,p） with the experimental ones. of TEMPO and the lipid were calculated and or 6-31＋G（d,p） level, in satisfying agreement

Circadian variation in expression of G_1 phase cyclins D_1 and E and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p21 in human bowel mucosa

AIM： To evaluate whether the cellular proliferation rate in the large bowel epithelial cells is characterized by circadian rhythm. METHODS： Between January 2003 and December 2004, twenty patients who were diagnosed as suffering from primary, resectable, non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum, infiltrating the sphincter mechanism, underwent abdominoperineal resection, total mesorectal excision and permanent left iliac colostomy. In formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens obtained from the colostomy mucosa every six hours （00：00, 06：00, 12：00, 18：00 and 24：00）, we studied the expression of G1 phase cyclins （D1 and E） as well as the expression of the G1 phase cyclin-dependent kinase （CDK） inhibitors p16 and p21 as indicators of cell cycle progres- sion in colonic epithelial cells using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS： The expression of both cyclins showed a similar circadian fashion obtaining their lowest and highest values at 00：00 and 18：00, respectively （P〈 0.001）. A circadian rhythm in the expression of CDK inhibitor proteins p16 and p21 was also observed, with the lowest levels obtained at 12：00 and 18：00 （P〈0.001）, respectively. When the complexes cyclins D1-p21 and E-p21 were examined, the expression of the cyclins was adversely correlated to the p21 expression throughout the day. When the complexes the cyclins D1-p16 and E-p16 were examined, high levels of p16 expression were correlated to low levels of cyclin expression at 00：00, 06：00 and 24：00. Meanwhile, the highest expression levels of both cyclins were correlated to high levels of p16 expression at 18：00. CONCLUSION： Colonic epithelial cells seem to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle during afternoon （between 12：00 and 18：00） with the highest rates obtained at 18：00. From a clinical point of view, the present results suggest that G1-phase specific anticancer therapies in afternoon might maximize their anti-tumor effect while minimizing toxicity.

Integration of light signaling with photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythm

Plants become photosynthetic through de-etiolation, a developmental process regulated by red/far-red light-absorbing phytochromes and blue/ultraviolet A light-absorbing cryptochromes. Genetic screens have identified in the last decade many far-red light signaling mutants and several red and blue light signaling mutants, suggesting the existence of distinct red, far-red, or blue light signaling pathways downstream of phytochromes and cryptochromes. However, genetic screens have also identified mutants with defective de-etiolation responses under multiple wavelengths. Thus, the opti- mal de-etiolation responses of a plant depend on coordination among the different light signaling pathways. This review intends to discuss several recently identified signaling components that have a potential role to integrate red, far-red, and blue light signalings. This review also highlights the recent discoveries on proteolytic degradation in the desensitization of light signal transmission, and the tight connection of light signaling with photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythm. Studies on the controlling mechanisms of de-etiolation, photoperiodic flowering, and circadian rhythm have been the fascinating topics in Arabidopsis research. The knowledge obtained from Arabidopsis can be readily applied to food crops and ornamental species, and can be contributed to our general understanding of signal perception and transduction in all organisms.

交融·联觉·糅合——梅西安音乐分析理论中的象征美学

作为法国当代音乐的代表和最重要的作曲家之一,梅西安以其别具一格的美学观念、高度个性化的音乐语言及自成一体的创作技巧,在众多派系和不同风格中独树一帜。他不局限于作曲家的身份,更是一位兼容并蓄、著作等身的理论家,他的创作与分析对20世纪当代音乐的发展具有举足轻重的影响。本文主要论及梅西安音乐分析理论中的象征美学问题,以期为当代音乐的创作与分析提供借鉴和启示。