新书推介

《蔬菜学》,《中国蔬菜名称考释》

新书征订

《蔬菜学》 本书由方智远院士主编，江苏科学技术出版社出版发行。全书共分7大章、33小节，44万字，552页。本书较系统地记叙了中国蔬菜学发展的历史轨迹、学术成就；比较全面地论述了蔬菜作物种质资源、遗传育种、栽培技术、病虫害防治以及贮藏加工等各个专业的性质、研究内容；简述了二十一世纪中国蔬菜学的发展趋势。

Effect of Continuous Vegetable Cultivation on Phosphorus Levels of Fluvo-Aquic Soils

Soil P status, inorganic P fractions, and P sorption properties were studiedusing sandy fluvo-aquic horticultural soils, which are high in organic matter content for vegetableproduction in comparison with a soil used for grain crop production in Zhengzhou, Henan Province,China P fractions, Olsen-P, and OM were determined at different depths in the soil profile andsorption isotherm experiments were performed Most P in excess of plant requirements accumulated inthe topsoil and decreased with soildepth. Total P, inorganic P, and OM concentrations increased withcontinued horticultural use Olsen-P concentrations in the 0-20 cm depth of horticultural soils were9 to 25 times higher than those of the grain crop soil. A linear transformation of the Langmuirequation showed that the P adsorption maximum (491.3 mg P kg^(-1)) and the maximum phosphatebuffering capacity (162.1 L kg^(-1)) for 80--100 cm were greater in the grain crop soil than thehorticultural soils. Thus, the most immediate concern with excess P were in areas where heavy Pfertilizer was used for vegetable crops and where soil P sorption capacities were low due to sandysoils and high organic matter content.

Urban Consumer Attitudes to Fresh Produce Safety in China

The objective of this study was to explain the determinants of the fresh vegetables purchase decision by Chinese urban consumers in Beijing including awareness and attitudes to food safety, and their willingness to pay （WTP） more for specific safety characteristics when buying fresh vegetables. The research rationale arises out of a history of food safety scares and scandals in China, and a national government response to promote quality assurance and safety through labelling. The primary hypothesis was that an understanding of food safety systems and product labelling, and trust in supply chain integrity would be key determinants in consumer willingness to purchase and pay more for safety assured vegetables. Based on a questionnaire survey of consumers in Beijing, the analysis found that the major factors underlying the purchase decision of fresh vegetables were product freshness, convenience and competitive price rather than assured product labelling. The decisions whether to purchase assurance-labelled vegetables and WTP more for chemical residue-free product were analysed by binomial and ordinal multinomial logit modelling respectively. It revealed a WTP moreof between 20% and 40%. Monthly household income was a key determinant of both quality assured product and WTP, together with degree of concern over residues, trust in retailer and assurance labels and place of purchase. The results suggest much still remains to be done to build trust though rigorous monitoring and enforcement of food safety standards to improve supply chain integrity and consumer confidence.

Survey on Indigenous Food Plants of Kaya Kauma and Kaya Tsolokero in Kilifi County Kenya

An ethnobotanical study was carried out in the sacred forests of Kaya Kauma in Kilifi county and Kaya Tsolokero in Junju location in Kenya between 21st January 2015 to 22nd February 2016. Ethnobotanical data on the knowledge of useful Indigenous Food Plants among the dwelling population in the villages around Kaya Kauma and Kaya Tsolokero were obtained from the using semi-structured questionnaire and interviews of the population in the homesteads around both the forests. The Food Plants included vegetables, fruit or any sort of food if they yield to the society. Results based on a questionnaire survey in 18 villages around Kaya Kauma and 9 villages around Kaya Tsolokero are presented by different stratum of Gender, Age, Tribes, Education level, Relationship to the village, Marital status. Usage of plant as food out of the population interviewed around Kaya Kauma and the total fruit plants mentioned by the villagers dwelling around the forest was 18 belonging to 9 different families. The total vegetable plants which were mentioned by the population around Kaya Kauma were 23 belonging to 12 different families. Other Food Plants mentioned by the community was 36. Out of the population interviewed around Kaya Tsolokero out of the Food Plants mentioned by the community, total fruit plants mentioned by the community was 46 belonging to 19 different families, total vegetable plants mentioned was 20 which belonged to 13 different families and other Food Plants mentioned by the community was 23. Out of the dwelling tribes around Kaya Kanma, Mkauma emerged as the most popular tribe and Mjibana as the most popular tribe around Kaya Tsolokero. The 18 adjoining villages to Kaya Kauma were interviewed for the survey and 9 adjoining villages were interviewed adjacent to Kaya Tsolokero.

Prevalence of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Associated Factors Among Secondary School Children in Mongolia

The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of students＇ fruit and vegetable intake and its associated factors among adolescents in Mongolia. Data for this analysis were from the 2010 Mongolia Global School-Based Health Survey （GSHS）. The GSHS administered a self-report questionnaire to a nationally representative sample （N = 5,328） of 7th-llth grade school children. Chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the prevalence and to predict the fruit and vegetable intake from associated factors. Only 7.0% of students met WHO＇s recommendation of eating fruits and vegetables S or more times per day. There was a significant association between gender and fruit and vegetable intake （P = .016）. There was a significant relationship between living condition and fruit and vegetable intake （P =.029）. Students who lived in apartment were more likely to have adequate fruit and vegetable intake than those who lived in ger in the khashaa. To be effective, educational interventions should be implemented as early as possible.

Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Aggregates in Vegetable Cropping Systems

Fertilisers significantly affect crop production and crop biomass inputs to soil organic carbon(SOC). However, the long-term effects of fertilisers on C associated with aggregates are not yet fully understood. Based on soil aggregate and SOC fractionation analysis, this study investigated the long-term effects of organic manure and inorganic fertilisers on the accumulation and change in SOC and its fractions, including the C concentrations of free light fraction, intra-aggregate particulate organic matter(POM) and intra-aggregate mineral-associated organic matter(MOM). Long-term manure applications improved SOC and increased the concentrations of some C fractions. Manure also accelerated the decomposition of coarse POM(cPOM) into fine POM(fPOM) and facilitated the transformation of fPOM encrustation into intra-microaggregate POM within macroaggregates. However, the application of inorganic fertilisers was detrimental to the formation of fPOM and to the subsequent encrustation of fPOM with clay particles, thus inhibiting the formation of stable microaggregates within macroaggregates. No significant differences were observed among the inorganic fertiliser treatments in terms of C concentrations of MOM, intra-microaggregate MOM within macroaggregate(imMMOM) and intra-microaggregate MOM(imMOM). However, the long-term application of manure resulted in large increases in C concentrations of MOM(36.35%), imMMOM(456.31%) and imMOM(19.33%) compared with control treatment.

Use of Spent Mushroom Substrate as Growing Media for Tomato and Cucumber Seedlings

The aim of this research was to evaluate weathered spent mushroom substrate （SMS）, made from spent Flammulina velutipes mushroom substrate, as a growing medium for nursery seedlings. Two vegetable species, cucumber （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinchun No. 2） and tomato （Solanurn lycopersicum L. cv. Mandy）, were grown in 8 media of SMS in various ratios with perlite or vermiculite. A mixed substrate of peat with perlite （1：1; v：v） was used as the control （CK）. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions. Prior to sowing, some physical and chemical properties of the growing media were determined. Results showed that all the mixtures had desirable physical and chemical properties for their use in nursery tomato and cucumber seedlings except for the T4 （SMS：vermiculite = 1：1; v：v） and the T8 （SMS：perlite = 2：1; v：v） mixtures. Compared with the CK, increased plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and index of seedling quality were found in the T3 （SMS：vermiculite = 2：1; v：v） and T6 （SMS：perlite = 4：1; v：v） growing media. SMS should be considered as an alternative for the widely used but expensive and resource-limited peat in greenhouse cultivation.