多视角、多学科、多文化——翻译学研究刊物Perspectives(《视角》)介绍

1991年，第一届国际语言大会(the First Language International Conference)在丹麦小城Elsinore召开，100多名学者从世界各地赶来，研讨翻译及翻译教学问题。论文的数量及质量使大会东道主丹麦哥本哈根大学翻译及词典学研究所感到，在翻译研究领域已经出现了再办一本学术期刊的空间，于是Perspectives：Studies in Translatology(《视角：翻译学研究》)

政治嵌入和政治吸纳——沙特构建政治稳定的方式及其影响

政治嵌入机制和政治吸纳机制是沙特构建政治稳定的重要方式。沙特构建面向宗教集团和部落的政治嵌入机制,将国家权力嵌入主要政治势力。同时,沙特建立面向宗教集团、精英和平民的政治吸纳机制,将其纳入国家主流政治生活。政治嵌入机制和政治吸纳机制实现了权力的集中和统一,强化了政治调控能力,部分地满足了国民的政治参与诉求,重构了维系政治稳定的力量格局,最终促使沙特政治稳定得以长期维持。

Visual navigation in orchard based on multiple images at different shooting angles

The orchards usually have rough terrain,dense tree canopy and weeds.It is hard to use GNSS for autonomous navigation in orchard due to signal occlusion,multipath effect,and radio frequency interference.To achieve autonomous navigation in orchard,a visual navigation method based on multiple images at different shooting angles is proposed in this paper.A dynamic image capturing device is designed for camera installation and multiple images can be shot at different angles.Firstly,the obtained orchard images are classified into sky and soil detection stage.Each image is transformed to HSV space and initially segmented into sky,canopy and soil regions by median filtering and morphological processing.Secondly,the sky and soil regions are extracted by the maximum connected region algorithm,and the region edges are detected and filtered by the Canny operator.Thirdly,the navigation line in the current frame is extracted by fitting the region coordinate points.Then the dynamic weighted filtering algorithm is used to extract the navigation line for the soil and sky detection stage,respectively,and the navigation line for the sky detection stage is mirrored to the soil region.Finally,the Kalman filter algorithm is used to fuse and extract the final navigation path.The test results on 200 images show that the accuracy of visual navigation path fitting is 95.5%,and single frame image processing costs 60 ms,which meets the real-time and robustness requirements of navigation.The visual navigation experiments in Camellia oleifera orchard show that when the driving speed is 0.6 m/s,the maximum tracking offset of visual navigation in weed-free and weedy environments is 0.14 m and 0.24 m,respectively,and the RMSE is 30 mm and 55 mm,respectively.

NEW CORNER DETECTION ALGORITHM BASED ON MULTI-FEATURE SYNTHESIS

Corner detection is a chief step in computer vision. A new corner detection algorithm in planar curves is proposed. Firstly, from the human perception, two key characteristics are given as an amendment of the traditional corner properties. Based on the two properties, the concept of the fuzzy set is introduced into a detection. Secondly, the extracted-formulae of three groups including the features of the corner subject degree are derived. Through synthesizing the features of three groups, the judgments of the corner detection, location, and optimization are obtained. Finally, by using the algorithm the detection results of several examples and feature curves for some interested parts, as well as the detection results for the test images history in references are given. Results show that the algorithm is easily realized after adopting the fuzzy set, and the detection effect is very ideal.

Multi-view feature fusion for rolling bearing fault diagnosis using random forest and autoencoder

To improve the accuracy and robustness of rolling bearing fault diagnosis under complex conditions, a novel method based on multi-view feature fusion is proposed. Firstly, multi-view features from perspectives of the time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain are extracted through the Fourier transform, Hilbert transform and empirical mode decomposition (EMD).Then, the random forest model (RF) is applied to select features which are highly correlated with the bearing operating state. Subsequently, the selected features are fused via the autoencoder (AE) to further reduce the redundancy. Finally, the effectiveness of the fused features is evaluated by the support vector machine (SVM). The experimental results indicate that the proposed method based on the multi-view feature fusion can effectively reflect the difference in the state of the rolling bearing, and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

Research on automatic inspection system for defects on precise optical surface based on machine vision

In manufacture of precise optical products, it is important to inspect and classify the potential defects existing on the products’ surfaces after precise machining in order to obtain high quality in both functionality and aesthetics. The existing methods for detecting and classifying defects all are low accuracy or efficiency or high cost in inspection process. In this paper, a new inspection system based on machine vision has been introduced, which uses automatic focusing and image mosaic technologies to rapidly acquire distinct surface image, and employs Case-Based Reasoning(CBR)method in defects classification. A modificatory fuzzy similarity algorithm in CBR has been adopted for more quick and robust need of pattern recognition in practice inspection. Experiments show that the system can inspect surface diameter of 500mm in half an hour with resolving power of 0.8μm diameter according to digs or 0.5μm transverse width according to scratches. The proposed inspection principles and methods not only have meet manufacturing requirements of precise optical products, but also have great potential applications in other fields of precise surface inspection.

Winesburg, Ohio from the feminist perspective

In Winesburg, Ohio, Sherwood Anderson vividly presented a group of lonely people, deformed in spirit and depressed in life, and longing for love but lack of communication. Such ＂grotesques＂ became considerable images in the research of American literature history. Their life reveals the social role that women play and the change of the man-woman relationship in the United States when it was in its transition to industrialism at the beginning of the 20th century. From the perspective of feminism, this paper conducts a systematical analysis on the social life, social role and family role of the female ＂grotesques＂, and tentatively talks about man-woman relationship.

Efficient fast mode decision using mode complexity for multi-view video coding

The variable block-size motion estimation(ME) and disparity estimation(DE) are adopted in multi-view video coding(MVC) to achieve high coding efficiency. However, much higher computational complexity is also introduced in coding system, which hinders practical application of MVC. An efficient fast mode decision method using mode complexity is proposed to reduce the computational complexity. In the proposed method, mode complexity is firstly computed by using the spatial, temporal and inter-view correlation between the current macroblock(MB) and its neighboring MBs. Based on the observation that direct mode is highly possible to be the optimal mode, mode complexity is always checked in advance whether it is below a predefined threshold for providing an efficient early termination opportunity. If this early termination condition is not met, three mode types for the MBs are classified according to the value of mode complexity, i.e., simple mode, medium mode and complex mode, to speed up the encoding process by reducing the number of the variable block modes required to be checked. Furthermore, for simple and medium mode region, the rate distortion(RD) cost of mode 16×16 in the temporal prediction direction is compared with that of the disparity prediction direction, to determine in advance whether the optimal prediction direction is in the temporal prediction direction or not, for skipping unnecessary disparity estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to significantly reduce the computational load by 78.79% and the total bit rate by 0.07% on average, while only incurring a negligible loss of PSNR(about 0.04 d B on average), compared with the full mode decision(FMD) in the reference software of MVC.

Orientation of larval and juvenile horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus to visual cues: Effects of chemical odors

Adult horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus have long served as models for the study of vision in marine arthropods. Yet, little is known about the ability of early life history stages to detect and respond to visual cues. We examined the visually directed movements of larvae and first stage juveniles to horizons containing dark visual targets of different sizes. The study tested the hypotheses that （1） larval and juvenile crabs can detect and respond to visual targets and （2） the direction of orientation varies with the presence of chemical cues associated with settlement habitats. Orientation of larval and juvenile crabs to rectangles subtending angles from 30--330~ was tested in a circular arena containing water that either lacked estuarine chemical cues （offshore water） or contained odors from aquatic vegetation or known predators. In the absence of chemical odors, larvae oriented toward and juveniles moved away from dark horizons subtending angles 〉 60~. When placed in water containing chemical odors from potential nursery habitats, including the seagrasses Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme, crabs reversed their direction of orientation relative to their responses in offshore water. Odors from two known predators, the mummichug Fundulus grandis and blue crab Callinectes sapidus, had no affect on the orientation of larvae. Yet, juveniles responded to both odors by moving toward the visual target. Results support the hypothesis that the visual orientation of larval and juvenile horseshoe crabs changes upon exposure to habitat and predator cues and that the direction of the response undergoes an ontogenetic shift following metamorphosis

A modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence

Through the analysis and comparison of shortcomings and advantages of existing technologies on object modeling in 3D applications,we propose a new modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence to model irregular objects efficiently in 3D application.In 3D scene,this method can get better visual effect by tracking the viewer's real-time perspective position and projecting the photos from different perspectives dynamically.The philosophy of design,the steps of development and some other relevant topics are discussed in details,and the validity of the algorithm is analyzed.The results demonstrate that this method represents more superiority on simulating irregular objects by applying it to the modeling of virtual museum.

Long Time Series Observations from Antarctica with the International Concordia Explorer Telescope （ICE-T）

The Intemational Concordia explorer telescope （ICE-T） is a f/1.1 Schmidt telescope, 61 cm aperture, with two optical tubes equipped with identical charged coupled devices 10.3× 10.3 k, 9μ pixel size, ultra-wide-fieldwith a total FOV of 65 square degrees. Its aim is to operate at Dome C, the French-Italian Antarctic Station, taking advantage of the long winter night for continuous observations. It is optimized for high precision photometry in two separate filters Sloan g and Sloan i ranging from 100 mmag to 10 mmag （from 9 to16 mag）. Among the scientific tasks there are the detection of hot Jupiters and Super Earths with the transit method, and related magnetic activity of the hosting stars. The 4m Radom dome for ICE-T together with 3 foundation pillars and the cables bundle have been already successfully installed in January 2009.

The Political Aspect of Misogynies in Late Qing Dynasty Crime Fiction

In most Chinese traditional court-case narrative, women often serve as negative social actors, and may even be the alleged cause of the degeneration of men＇s morality as the result of their seductiveness. In the late Qing Dynasty novel Digong＇an, centred on the upright official Digong, there is strong evidence of misogyny by the author. Two female characters stand out from the story： one kills her husband with the help of her lover, who is partially justified by the latter being under the woman＇s negative influence; and the other is Empress Wu, to whom the moral downfall of the Tang Dynasty is attributed. Both women are subject to insult and threat throughout the novel. The author＇s attitude substantially relies on the sexist rhetoric prevalent in the Confucian idea of an ordered society, which usually took a negative outlook towards women partaking in public life. But for the latter we should also take in account that at the end of the Qing Dynasty a woman was, in reality, ruling the empire ＂from behind the curtain＂. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to deconstruct the author＇s misogyny, in order to shed a light on his criticism and connect it with a somewhat more political discourse.

Time Course of Q Value after Myopic Laser-assisted In Situ Keratomileusis

Objective To assess the time course of Q value after myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) and preliminarily evaluate the determinants of the difference of Q value between before and after LASIK.Methods We performed a retrospective,longitudinal investigation on patients undergoing wavefront optimized LASIK therapy for emmetropization.A total of 418 eyes from 222 cases were examined preoperatively,and partly followed up at one week(172 eyes),one month(134 eyes) and three months(51 eyes) after surgery.The horizontal,vertical and total Q values of cornea were calculated from eccentricity measured at the central 6-mm corneal zones respectively.Potential determinants of the change of Q value were analyzed using multiple linear regressions.Results The mean Q value was-0.17±0.13 preoperatively,and 0.99±0.70,0.97±0.66,and 0.86±0.41 one week,one and three months postoperatively,respectively.One way analysis of variance(ANOVA) demonstrated significant differences between measurements made before surgery and at all postoperative times(at one week,one and three months;all P<0.0001,Bonferroni post hoc),but no significant differences were found among postoperative groups.Significant differences of Q values between horizontal and vertical meridians were found before surgery and at all postoperative times(all P<0.0001).Multiple regression analysis revealed that change of Q value significantly correlated with manifest refraction spherical equivalent(r=0.116,P<0.0001) and axial length(r=0.264,P<0.0001).Conclusions Over the study period,the primary changes in Q value occur within 1 week after surgery,and then become slightly decreased and nearly stable.Manifest refraction spherical equivalent and axial length play a significant role in the change of postoperative Q value.

Roles Portrayed by Women： A Content Analysis in Brazilian Television Advertisements

The main purpose of this paper was to examine female roles portrayed by advertising. More specifically, the questions that motivated this research project were ＂What messages about women have been given to society through advertisement？＂ and ＂Have these portrayals been changed during the past decades？＂ The study consisted of a systematic content analysis of Brazilian commercials from 1973 to 2000. The population from which this sample was drawn consisted of Brazilian commercials which got an award in international and national festivals. A probabilistic sample procedure was employed. Ninety five pieces were selected. The categories and operational rules used in the study were developed based on previous research. This study has proposed that female images in advertising are depicted in three different ways： stereotyped, idealized, and plural portrayals. Our results have revealed that some specific images have changed, however, they continued to be stereotyped and idealized.

From Sex Objects to Heroines A Tough Road for Female Characters in Video Games

Female character in video games is the one of the most controversial topic in game studies and nowadays women＇s anthropology. From the beginning of role in games＇ plot to sexualized graphical representation, woman in virtual world were （and sometimes still are） a point of discussion about characters sexualisation and role of female sex in virtual industry. The main aim of this paper is to present analysis of female representation in video games and how in last 30 years it has changed. In other words, how female characters were ennobled from sex object to main protagonist status. In presented research, there were used mostly the examples of popular video games with extended plot and world which can be explored by protagonists. Video game historiography, textual analysis （which helped to treat video game character as a protagonist）, and thematic analysis of video games were used as a main research method. The main conclusion of this paper is that female characters can overcome all gender or sexual stereotypes and even eventually became an icon of popular culture

DIOPTER REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF MYOPIA

Objective To evaluate the relevant factors of regression phenomenon of laser in situ kerato-mileusis (LASIK) for treatment of myopia. Methods We studied 408 eyes of 250 myopic patients who received LASIK. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to preoperative diopters (- 6 .00D- -10 .00D, 194 eyes;-10.10D- -15 .00D, 214 eyes). Mean period of follow-up were 12 months and the results were statistically analyzed. Results 12 months after surgery, in the first group (- 6.00--10.00D) the regressionequal to or beyond -1 .0D were 21 eyes (10.8%), range from -1 .0D to - 3 .0D. The average regression was -1.33D. In the second group (- 10 .10D - - 15 .00D) regression equal to or beyond -1.0D were 78 eyes (36.5%), range from -1 .0D to -5.50D. The average regression was -1 .99D. Conclusion The results indicate that excimer LASIK can be used to treat myopia between -6 .00D-- 15 .00D effectively with minimal regression within 12 months. Preoperative thin corneas with intraoperative small ablation zone could induce regression . Some modification of the surgical algorithms and laser nomogram will help to improve predictability and reduce regression.

一个全新的译学范式——建构主义翻译学——简评《翻译学——一个建构主义的视角》

《视角》一书以哈贝马斯的普通语用学的语言观、理解观、意义观等理论为指导,站在哲学的视角,审视了我国乃至世界翻译学科发展的轨迹,归纳出我国翻译研究所经历的几次范式嬗变,并以丰富充实的建构主义翻译学的知识基础为铺垫,比较分析了各种范式的缺陷和不足,批评了翻译无理论和翻译理论无用的思潮,阐述了翻译学的学科性质与特点,定性了翻译学是一门综合学科,从而确立了建构主义翻译学的翻译标准,构建了建构主义翻译学的理论体系。

EXCIMER LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS FOR MYOPIA:ONE YEAR FOLLOW-UP

Objective To analyze the clinical effects after one year follow-up of LASIK for myopia. Methods According to the preoperative diopters of the myopia, patients, undergoing LASIK, were divided into three groups, group Ⅰ: 140 eyes ( -1. 25D ~ -6. 00 D) , group Ⅱ : 205 eyes ( -6. 25D ~ -10. 00D) , group Ⅲ: 226 eyes ( -10.25D- -15.00D). The patients were followed up at least I year. Results By groups, the percentage of the uncorrected visual acuity equal or more than 1. 0 were 94. 29% , 80. 30% , 42. 04% respectively. The residual refractive error within 0. 5D were 99. 29% , 85. 71% , 59. 70%. The spherical equivalent was stable 3 months after LASIK. The complications were few. Conclusion LASIK is a safe, effective and good predictable method for the treatment of myopia. It is one of the best choices to treat myopia below -10. 00D.

Visualization Framework for Inter-Domain Access Control Policy Integration

The rapid increase in resource sharing across domains in the cloud comput- ing environment makes the task of managing inter-domain access control policy integration difficult for the security administrators. Al- though a number of policy integration and sec- urity analysis mechanisms have been devel- oped, few focus on enabling the average ad- ministrator by providing an intuitive cognitive sense about the integrated policies, which considerably undermines the usability factor. In this paper we propose a visualization flame- work for inter-domain access control policy integration, which integrates Role Based Ac- cess Control （RBAC） policies on the basis of role-mapping and then visualizes the inte- grated result. The role mapping algorithm in the framework considers the hybrid role hier- archy. It can not only satisfy the security con- straints of non-cyclic inheritance and separa- tion of duty but also make visualization easier. The framework uses role-permission trees and semantic substrates to visualize the integrated policies. Through the interactive policy query visualization, the average administrator can gain an intuitive understanding of the policy integration result.

Pseudo and Digital Parapraxis in MMORPGs

This communication proposes to study some language processes, similar in literature and videogames： parapraxis and the choice of a pseudo. It will aim to show how the use of a word reveals the intimacy of the subject, just like the autobiographical novel, which gives information about the writer. We would therefore have the presages of a self-writing in the creation, naming and storytelling of the avatar of a videogame player. From the example of a young player of the MMORPG （Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games） networking game Dofus, who we met in consultation, we will see how his avatar ＂Deadlop＂ comes from parapraxis and enables the narration of his emotional intimacy. The unconscious elements that led to the creation of the pseudo enabled him to tell his story and grasp some unexplained facets of himself.