冯友兰《新事论》对城镇化建设的启示

冯友兰出版于七十五年前的《新事论》,主张工业化是中国走向自由之路,对目前中国城镇化建设仍具有启发意义。这就是,城镇化建设要建立在工业化高度发展、农业生产社会化的基础上,城镇化建设要走市场经济的道路,并真正地反馈农村、造福农民。

从《原道》到《论变盐法事宜状》——试析韩愈“四民并重、各得其所”的社会经济思想

文章从韩愈《原道》一文中设计的儒家理想社会模式及其君臣民相生养观、四民并重尽职守分观出发,对其《送许郢州序》、《论变盐法事宜状》等文章中所体现的经济思想进行了重新审视,主要分析其中所见之韩愈对农、商问题的看法和态度。从中可以看到韩愈一以贯之的社会经济思想,即四民并重、各得其所,各致其能。

印度部派佛教“中有”思想

'中有'是印度部派佛教各派别间辩论的重要问题之一。主张'有中有'的部派认为有情死后,为了寻找生处必须有一种自体当作媒介,因而提出细微五蕴身的'中有'。然而,主张有情死后其心刹那生起的部派,理所当然对'中有'持否定态度。在各部派辩论'中有'时,支持'中有'的部派从契经中找出各种证据,因而引申出'健达缚''求有''意成'等'中有'之'异名'。同时,在被反方批判的情况下,他们也必须对'中有'概念设法辩护。由此,在双方的辩论中,'中有'的种种特质就展现了出来。

《新论》词语释义——兼论《汉语大词典》之义项疏漏

桓谭《新论》中"致密"当释为"亲密可信",专用于人际关系;"兴事"当释为"办理政事"、"实施政事";"垂流"当释为"传递"、"留传";"重爱"当释为"吝惜"、"吝啬"。以上意义均为《汉语大词典》所未收。

Fake Reviews Tell No Tales？ Dissecting Click Farming in Content-Generated Social Networks

Recently, there has been a radial shift from traditional online social networks to content-generated social networks(CGSNs). Contemporary CGSNs, such as Dianping and Trip Advisor, are often the targets of click farming in which fake reviews are posted in order to boost or diminish the ratings of listed products and services simply through clicking. Click farming often emanates from a collection of multiple fake or compromised accounts, which we call click farmers. In this paper, we conduct a three-phase methodology to detect click farming. We begin by clustering communities based on newly-defined collusion networks. We then apply the Louvain community detection method to detecting communities. We finally perform a binary classification on detected-communities. Our results of over a year-long study show that(1) the prevalence of click farming is different across CGSNs;(2) most click farmers are lowly-rated;(3) click-farming communities have relatively tight relations between users;(4) more highly-ranked stores have a greater portion of fake reviews.

A Review of Interaction Between Neon Flying Squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) and Oceanographic Variability in the North Pacific Ocean

The neon flying squid （Ommastrephes bartramii） is a short-lived opporttmistic species widely distributed in subtropical and temperate waters in the North Pacific Ocean. The life cycle of O. bartramii from planktonic eggs to nektonic adults is closely linked to oceanographic conditions. The fluctuations in O. bartramii abundance and distribution tend to increase and widen continu- ously due to the heavy influences of ocean-climate events on various spatio-temporal scales. In this study, we reviewed the interac- tion between O. bartramii and oceanography variability in the North Pacific with respect to large-scale climatic-oceanic phenomena including E1 Nifio, La Nifia, Kuroshio, Oyashio and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, as well as regional environmental variables such as sea surface temperature （SST）, sea surface height （SSH）, sea surface salinity （SSS）, chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentration, and plankton density. The population dynamics of O. bartramii is mediated mainly by meso- and large-scale climatic-oceanic events （e.g., Kuroshio and Oyashio Currents） rather than other local environmental conditions （e.g., SST and Chl-a concentration）, because all of the oceanographic influences are imposed on the context of large-scale climate changes （e.g., PDO）. An unstructured-grid finite- volume coastal ocean model coupled with an individual-based model is proposed to simulate relevant physical-biological oceano- graphic processes for identifying ocean-climate influence and predicting O. bartramii distribution and abundance in the North Pacific. Future research needs to be focused on improving the knowledge about early life history of O. bartramii and evaluating the relation- ship between marine physical environment and two separate passive drifting life stages of O. bartramii including free-floating eggs and planktonic paralarvae.

Catastrophic model for stability analysis of high pile-column bridge pier

According to the engineering features of higher pile-column bridge pier in mountainous area, a clamped beam mechanical model was set up by synthetically analyzing the higher pile-column bridge pier buckling mechanism. Based on the catastrophe theory, the cusp catastrophe model of higher pile-column bridge pier was established by the determination of its potential fimction and bifurcation set equation, the necessary instability conditions of high pile-column bridge pier were deduced, and the determination method for column-buckling and lateral displacement of high pile-column bridge pier was derived. The comparison between the experimental and calculated results show that the calculated curves agree with testing curves and the method is reasonable and effective.

Inhomogeneous Bulk Viscous Fluid Universe with Electromagnetic Field and Variable A-Term

Cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological model for bulk viscous fluid distribution with electro- magnetic field is obtained. The source of the magnetic field is due to an electric current produced along the z-axis. F12 is the non-vanishing component of electromagnetic field tensor. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion 0 in the model is proportional to the shear σ. The values of cosmological constant for these models are found to be small and positive at late time, which are consistent with the results from recent supernovae Ia observations. Physical and geometric aspects of the models are also discussed in presence and absence of magnetic field.

A Comparative Analysis of English and Chinese News on MH370 Accident from the Appraisal Perspective

Appraisal Theory is a further development of interpersonal function in systemic functional linguistics. Based on the subsystem-attitude system in Appraisal Theory, an attempt is made to conduct a comparative analysis of attitudinal resources in English and Chinese news on MH370 accident. Meanwhile, certain attitudes or stances conveyed by the authors of these news will be revealed through some typical examples. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are adopted in the present study to make a statistical and interpretive analysis of the collected materials. It is found that both English and Chinese news contain many attitudinal resources. There are similarities and differences concerning the distribution of attitudinal resources between English and Chinese news. The findings suggest that though news is expected to be objective and factual, it may imply the authors＇ subjective attitudes to some extent. So readers should get hang of the different opinions and stances hidden behind different news reporting so as to improve abilities to appreciate and differentiate different news.

A Breakthrough in the Logical Deduction about the Cognition Theory

The contradiction would produce the power only in the condition that this contradiction stays within a substance. The movement power for the cognition is not produced by the contradiction between people＇s thinking and the objective things, for the thinking and the objective things are not in a same substance, which is Hegel＇s problem. Then, where is the power for people＇s cognition from？ This paper has a conclusion as this： The ＂Ego＂ and the ＂Nonego＂ are a pair of contradiction within a person＇s body. The cognition is a kind of people＇s movement. So, the cognition is the process moved by the power from the ＂Ego＂ and the ＂Nonego＂ of a person＇s body.

Research on an Integrated Enterprise Workflow Model

An integrated enterprise workflow model called PPROCE is presented firstly. Then, an enterprise’s ontology established by TOVE and Process Specification Language (PSL) is studied. Combined with TOVE’s partition idea, PSL is extended and new PSL Extensions is created to define the ontology of process, organization, resource and product in the PPROCE model. As a result, PPROCE model can be defined by a set of corresponding formal language. It facilitates the future work not only in the model verification, model optimization and model simulation, but also in the model translation.

Philosophy of Science and Post-theoretical Life-World

Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically loaded and based on latent ontological assumptions. Epistemology offers science a ＂road map＂ for researcher＇s thinking. Thus epistemology knows what science should be, and philosophy of science take science for granted--existing as an empirical fact. Philosophy of science had always been a reflective and critical discipline that didn＇t want any a-priory knowledge. The main distinction between these fields of knowledge is as follows： epistemology is theoretical and projective kind of knowledge whereas philosophy of science is a non-theoretical, or better, a ＂post-theoretical＂ discipline. All facts and statements arising from philosophy of science lie within the heterogeneous space, where there is continuous transit of pre-theoretical, theoretical and post-theoretical versions of knowledge. The inevitability of conservation and utilization of human thought products is recognized, which is supplemented by the need to study the impact of theoretical thinking upon social practices.

The Melodramatic Narrative and Ontological Quest in Demetria Martinez＇s Mother Tongue

The study deals with Demetria Martinez＇s Mother Tongue （1994）, which is a love story between a Mexican American woman and a Salvadoran refugee. The female protagonist, Mary, delves into connotations of love, expanding it to understanding of the other. The story deploys politically imbricated religious practices in relation to the U.S. Sanctuary movement in the 80s. Mary＇s amorous encounter with the other leads her to discover the expansion of friendship and solidarity and, ultimately to rediscover religiosity based on reawakened ethics. This study argues that the melodramatic mode employed in this novel implicitly reveals an inherent aspiration for the sacred, albeit not fully representable. The author＇s involvement in the genre of romance and the melodramatic mode ironically attests to her striving for the spiritual ideal and ontological answer. In the end, this essay reveals that drawing on the popular melodramatic narrative, the romantic engagement with the alterity can be more efficiently introduced into the ontological quest for the absolute presence.

Aviation Accident Causation Analysis Based on Complex Network Theory

Accident causation analysis is of great importance for accident prevention.In order to improve the aviation safety,a new analysis method of aviation accident causation based on complex network theory is proposed in this paper.Through selecting 257 accident investigation reports,45 causative factors and nine accident types are obtained by the three-level coding process of the grounded theory,and the interaction of these factors is analyzed based on the“2-4”model.Accordingly,the aviation accident causation network is constructed based on complex network theory which has scale-free characteristics and small-world properties,the characteristics of causative factors are analyzed by the topology of the network,and the key causative factors of the accidents are identified by the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)method.The comparison results show that the method proposed in this paper has the advantages of independent of expert experience,quantitative analysis of accident causative factors and statistical analysis of a lot of accident data,and it has better applicability and advancement.

Numerical simulation on fault water-inrush based on fluid-solid coupling theory

About 75% water-inrush accidents in China are caused by geological structure such as faults, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the water-inrush mechanism of faults to provide references for the mining activity above confined water. In this paper, based on the fluid-solid coupling theory, we built the stress-seepage coupling model for rock, then we combined with an example of water-inrush caused by fault, studied the water-inrush mechanism by using the numerical software COMSOL Mutiphysics, analyzed the change rule of shear stress, vertical stress, plastic area and water pressure for stope with a fault, and estimated the water-inrush risk at the different distances between working faces and the fault. The numerical simula- tion results indicate that： （1） the water-inrush risk will grow as the decrease of the distance between working face and the fault; （2） the failure mode of the rock in floor with fault is shear failure; （3） the rock between water-containing fault and working face failure is the reason for water-inrush.

Cause Analysis of Consumer‑Grade UAV Accidents Based on Grounded Theory‑Bayesian Network

In order to reduce the accident rate of consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)in daily use scenarios,the accident causes are analyzed based on the accident cases of consumer-grade UAVs.By extracting accident causing factors based on the Grounded theory,the relationship between these factors is analyzed.The Bayesian network for consumer-grade UAV accidents is constructed.With the Grounded theory-Bayesian network,the probability of four types of accidents is inferred:fall,air collision,disappearance,and personal injury.With the posterior probability of each factor being reversely reasoned,the causal chain with the maximum probability of each accident is obtained.After the sensitivity of each factor is analyzed,the key nodes in the network accordingly are inferred.Then the causing factors of consumer-grade UAV accidents are analyzed.The results show that the probability of fall accident is the highest,the fall accident is associated with the probabilistic maximum causal chain of personal injury,and the sensitivity analysis results of each type of accident as the result node are inconsistent.

Participation in the Concept or in the Event： Two Ways of Existence of Human Being

This paper discusses two alternative ways of existence of the human being： participation in the concept of reason and participation in the events of the world. It is argued that the traditional Western philosophy from Parmenides and Plato to R. Descartes, I. Kant, and G. Hegel can be described as the participation in the concept of reason. This tradition is characterized by the goal to assimilate the things of the world by concept of reason and in accordance with a project reason, to change the world. This led to the ecological catastrophe. We can overcome ecological catastrophe successfully only when we change the paradigm and shift to the paradigm of participation in the events of the world. The article is based on A. Badiou＇s conception of event which is contrasted with Descartes＇ conception of the event. Argumentation of the article shows the importance of B. Spinoza＇s monistic philosophy for our epoch, which is struck by the ecological disaster. This philosophy is not characterised by the war between things and thoughts, because both thoughts and things are attributes expressing the same God or Nature and are not in conflict with one another.

Small Production,Big Impact

IT'S the local characters and landscape that I usually find most interesting about Chinese films. But it was the plot of Tuya's Marriage that captured my attention, regardless of its being Chinese." This comment by a German critic is possibly the best compliment Wang Quan'an, director of Tuya's Marriage, could hope for. He and other young Chinese film makers have been doing their utmost to produce works that touch the Western soul rather than presenting a visual oriental feast.

Relativity of a Free Will Concept Depending on Both Conscious Indeterminism and Unconscious Determinism

Free will is difficult to classify with respect to determinism or indeterminism, and its phenomenology in consciousness often shows both aspects. Initially, it is felt as unlimited and indeterminate will power, with the potentiality of multiple choices. Thereafter, reductive deliberation is led by determinism to the final decision, which realises only one of the potential choices. The reductive deliberation phase tries to find out the best alternative and simultaneously satisfying vague motivations, contextual conditions and personal preferences. The essential sense of free will is the introduction of personal preferences, which allows a higher diversity of reactions to vague motivations. With an oversimplified model of determinism as a chain of events, incompatibilists define ＂free＂ as ＂undetermined＂ so that determinism becomes incompatible with any free choice between alternatives. In consciousness, free will requires a more complex model of network determinism as well as the consideration of unconsciousness as a causal factor. When ＂free＂ defined as ＂undetermined＂ is applied to the context of consciousness, it should be reinterpreted as ＂unconscious of being determined＂ or not aware of underlying determinism. Lacking information on determinism generates a feeling of ＂free＂ in consciousness and, therefore, gives the impression of indeterminism. Lacking information may be induced by an uncertain future without determined events--an unconscious past with biological reactions suddenly emerging from the unconsciousness or an unknown present unable to distinguish determinism of complex events. Therefore, at the level of human consciousness, the experience of free will is associated with apparent indeterminism although it is based on unconscious determinism. The concepts of compatibilism and incompatibilism are only two different aspects of the same phenomenon and correspond to consciousness and unconsciousness. Nevertheless, they can be considered together with a free will concept based on relativity depending on two different reference frames--the first person＇s experience frame or the Laplace＇s demon frame with knowledge on every molecule of the universe. Only relativity of the free will concept avoids the contradiction between ＂free＂ and ＂unfree＂ for the same phenomenon and could be a compromise for considering compatibilism and incompatibilism equally.

The Impact of International Accounting Standards Board （IASB）＇s Guidelines for Preparing Management Commentary （MC）： Evidence From Italian Listed Firms

This paper investigates the Italian firms＇ disclosure in response to the new guidance on the management commentary （MC） contained in the International Financial Reporting Standard （IFRS） practice statement issued by International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） in 2010. The study is organized as follows. After reviewing the relevant literature on financial disclosure and MC, this paper examines the content of the Italian management＇s report-----known as ＂Relazione sulla Gestione＂ and that of the recent IASB＇s IFRS practice statement. Hence, it applies a self-constructed disclosure index and a multiple correspondence analysis （MCA） on MC of a sample of 66 Italian non-financial listed firms. The results show that the level of disclosures provided by the Italian listed firms does not seem to be affected by the IASB＇s guidelines. However, the survey highlights large differences in the level and type of disclosure provided in MC among the sectors and firms. This paper aims to contribute to the financial reporting debate by understanding the IASB＇s guidelines and their impacts on the voluntary disclosure practices of Italian listed firms.