《论语》中关于“知”的哲学思想

《论语》中的“知”是天人和人我间在一定方向上借助交流和沟通实现的“无蔽”与“澄明”。“知”作为这种根本的“澄明”,使得“知”可以透过时间的障碍成为超越的条件。“知”可以表现为“不知”和“知”两种存在的样式。因而“知”可以超越在对立面进行选择时所带来的困惑。同时“知”也就表现出一定的等级系列,这一系列又对应着相应的理想人格。“知者”表现为一种动静合一、知行合一的特征。

试探《论语·卫灵公篇》“小知大受”句之确诂

正确判定了《论语·卫灵公篇》"君子不可小知而可大受也,小人不可大受而可小知也"的句式;利用故训、排比用例和推理等手段,指出了"知"的真义——用、任用;解释了该义项在知的词义系统中的合理归位;确诂此句为:"君子,不可小用而可以大用;小人,只可以小用而不可大用。"

Knowledge presentation model for QnA web forums

For an extract description of threads information in question and answer （QnA） web forums, it is proposed to construct a QnA knowledge presentation model in the English language, and then an entire solution for the QnA knowledge system is presented, including data gathering, platform building and applications design. With pre-defined dictionary and grammatical analysis, the model draws semantic information, grammatical information and knowledge confidence into IR methods, in the form of statement sets and term sets with semantic links. Theoretical analysis shows that the statement model can provide an exact presentation for QnA knowledge, breaking through any limits from original QnA patterns and being adaptable to various query demands; the semantic links between terms can assist the statement model, in terms of deducing new from existing knowledge. The model makes use of both information retrieval （IR） and natural language processing （NLP） features, strengthening the knowledge presentation ability. Many knowledge-based applications built upon this model can be improved, providing better performance.

On Prototypes from the Perspective of Semantics and Categorization

Cognitive linguistics is a new approach to language study, which can offer better explanation for language phenomena, and provide more theoretical instructions for English learning. In recent years, the prototype theory, as the cornerstone of cognitive linguistics, has been employed in different research fields, such as phonology, syntax, semantics, English teaching, etc..This thesis attempts to review and discuss the researches done so far on semantics and categorization based on a cognitive theory -- the prototype theory.

Problems and Solutions Related to the Titles of Academic Papers

There are some problems related to the titles of academic papers, such as, titles incorresponding to the contents, and titles being too general or colloquial. It is imperative to increase the title quality of an academic paper through peer-review, or by checking grammar mistakes with computer tools. The editors should also aim to improve their academic level of knowledge.

Application of Fuzzy Automata Theory and Knowledge Based Neural Networks for Development of Basic Learning Model

The paper focuses on amalgamation of automata theory and fuzzy language. It uses adaptive knowledge based abstract framework which uses dynamic neural network framework along with fuzzy automata as Models of Learning, combining the two methodologies the authors develop a new framework termed as Fuzzy Automata based Neural Network （FANN）. It highlights conversion of knowledge rule to fuzzy automata thereby generating a framework FANN. FANN consists of composite fuzzy automation divided into ＂Performance Evaluator＂ and ＂Feature Extraction＂ which takes the help of previously stored samples of similar situations. The authors have extended FANN for Urban Traffic Modeling.

Achieving Self-Imitation for English Intonation Learning:The Role of Corrective Feedback

Corrective feedback is crucial for pronunciation teaching.However,in current pronunciation teaching practice,the corrective feedback provided usually fails to locate pronunciation problems and inform learners of the differences between their mispronunciations and the correct form.Based on the motor theory,this study attempted to explore a new way of corrective feedback for pronunciation teaching.Specifically,the learners’ speech output was modified and then was played back to them as an input model for learning.In this way,the learners can imitate the pronunciation model of their own voices,achieving self-imitation.This study included two experiments.The first explored the viability of obtaining one’s self-perceived voice through delayed feedback paradigm.The second experiment examined the effectiveness of self-imitation for English intonation learning.Results showed that imitating the pronunciation model of one’s own voice can reduce the learners’ phonological memory load,assist critical listening and facilitate accurate phonetic realizations of the target intonation.

A Model on the Source of Language Vagueness

Vagueness of language has long been explored in the fields of philosophy and logic. Although Zadeh put forward fuzzy sets theory which was considered to be a decent quantitative instrument for the study of language vagueness, the source of vagueness still remains a disputed issue. As the study of vagueness goes further, researchers attached more and more attention to the relation between language-cognition- reality, especially in the cognitive field. Thus we found that it would be more satisfied with the issue to construct a relation-model between five factors： reality, concept, human, language, and context. This model, which is different from the semantic triangle in explicating the factors, human and context, may help to explain the nature of vagueness and reclassify the language vagueness.

Guidance of Constructivist Theory for English Teaching

The traditional English teaching methods are mainly based on teachers＇ words and students＇ listening type. Neither the quality of teaching can be guaranteed, nor are students＇ thinking ability and innovation developed. To change this situation, many educators have done a lot of research and exploration from both theoretical and practical aspects, of which constructivist theory is one of main results. Constructivist theory emphasizes that leaming is a process of knowledge acquisition. Knowledge can not only get from teachers, but also requires learners to learn from others＇ help in some particular context, with the necessary leaming materials, and through a way of meaning construction. Besides, it has important reference and inspiration effects on discipline study and conducting educational research.

Investigation on Fuzzy in English Literature Teaching

This thesis studies the concept and research background of filzziness and fuzzy theory, then committing further enumeration and analysis of the application of fuzzy theory in the fields of linguistics and literature. On this basis, the effectiveness and rationalization of the fuzzy theory＇s application in the English literature teaching were confirmed from many aspects. Among them, it is mainly investigated and analyzed from the objective factors and subjective factors. Subjective aspects mainly contain students＇ different cognitive ability, and the diversity existed in teachers＇ teaching and guiding methods. Objective aspects mainly include that the literature language and literature thoughts itself have the unique ambiguity. Finally, in summing up the investigation results the author put forward the essence of English literature teaching activity and put forward the methods to improve English literature teaching.

THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC SCHEMA THEORY AND ESL READING METHODOLOGY

Schema theory research has shown importance of background knowledge within a psycholinguistic model of reading. This paper gives an overview of schema theory as part of a reader-centered, psycholinguistic processing model of EFL/ESL reading, in which we discuss how reading comprehension involves background knowledge that goes far beyond linguistic knowledge. The process of interpretation is realized by the employment of two basic modes of information processing, bottom-up and top-down processing. Then, a variety of techniques and classroom activities are suggested for accommodating this phenomenon in a reader-centered EFL/ESL reading program.