《设计史》课程应用型教学改革与探究

《设计史》是艺术设计专业中的基础理论课程,具有综合性和交叉性的特点,在具体教学进程中,教师要以本课程的特点为基本标准来设计教学规划和方案,进而提高教学质量。现阶段的《设计史》教学过于偏向于理论,这与当前素质教育的应用型要求不符,所以为了更好地满足素质教育的要求,也为了使《设计史》的教学更具现代价值,需要对教学做积极的改革。本文就《设计史》课程的应用型教学改革进行了分析和研究,旨在为提高该课程的教学效率提供借鉴。

西方设计界的中国设计研究——以《设计问题》《设计史期刊》《设计与文化》为例的学术史分析

该文以西方学术界《设计问题》《设计史期刊》《设计与文化》三大期刊为例,对其中的中国研究进行了详细梳理和归纳,并基于学术史的研究思路对有关内容进行了中国设计研究述评、西方设计史中的中国问题、中国主体性研究、文化研究四个层面的文本分析,从而进一步了解西方设计界对中国问题的阐释,同时也旨在为中国设计研究提供方法、理论等维度的学科启示。

国际设计史研究的当下状态——以《设计史学刊》(2014—2023)为中心的文献计量研究

英国设计史学会会刊《设计史学刊》是设计史研究领域最有影响力的刊物之一,可以充分代表国际设计史研究的方向、动态与趋势。通过对近十年学刊发表的论文在关键词、引文、选题及作者等方面进行文献计量学的分析,可将国际设计史研究的“当下状态”归纳为四个层面:一、对经典设计史的重述;二、与物质文化研究的互鉴;三、对跨学科立场的坚守;四、全球转向。

设计史:多样性与全球化

《设计史期刊》刚刚庆祝了它30周年的学术成就。自1987年创刊以来,《设计史期刊》一直是学者探索设计历史,并以此更好地了解其广泛的社会、政治和文化背景的主要场所之一。在此期间,设计史作为一个迅速发展的研究领域,将基于实践的学科——设计,与人文基础学科——历史,两者相结合,为我们的物质文化提供了独特的研究视角。近年来,《设计史期刊》从最初以英格兰为基础,日益国际化,反映了设计历史学术的全球化,以及对于多种研究路径的关注。丹尼尔·胡帕茨的演讲,调查了过去三十年中设计期刊研究的多样性,并提出设计历史研究未来的发展方向。

An assessment of coal pillar system stability criteria based on a mechanistic evaluation of the interaction between coal pillars and the overburden

Coal pillar design has historically assigned a factor of safety(Fo S) or stability factor(SF) according to their estimated strength and the assumed overburden load acting on them. Acceptable Fo S values have been assigned based on past mining experience or a statistical link between Fo S and probability of failure(Po F). Pillar width-to-height(w/h) ratio has long been established as having a material influence on both pillar strength and its potential failure mode. However, there has been significant disagreement on using both factor of safety(Fo S) and w/h as part of pillar system stability criterion, as compared to using Fo S in isolation. This paper will argue that there are valid technical reasons to bring w/h ratio into system stability criteria(other than its influence on pillar strength), as it is related to the post-failure stiffness of the pillar, as measured in situ, and its interaction with overburden stiffness. When overburden stiffness is also brought into pillar system stability considerations, two issues emerge. The first is the width-todepth(W/D) ratio of the panel and whether it is sub-critical or super-critical from a surface subsidence perspective. The second relates to a re-evaluation of pillar Fo S based on whether the pillar is in an elastic or non-elastic(i.e., post-yield) state in its as-designed condition, as this is relevant to maintaining overburden stiffness at the highest possible level. The significance of the model is the potential to maximise both reserve recovery and mining efficiencies without any discernible increase in geotechnical risk, particularly in thick seams and higher depth of cover mining situations. At a time when mining economics are, at best, marginal, removing potentially unnecessary design conservatism is of interest to all mine operators and is an important topic for discussion amongst the geotechnical community.

Review on the Development of Western and Eastern Garment Pattern Design Technique

Due to different cultural and historical background, the technology in Western and Eastern pattern design is inherently different. Along with the development of technology, garment pattern design technique is making progress towards high effectiveness and accuracy. Many researchers proposed different alternative methodologies to improve the current pattern making processes. This article examines the development of Western and Eastern garment pattern design technique. The main objective of this article is to provide a thorough review and hence a better understanding to those researchers who made contribution on developing pattern design technique and continue their work in the future.

History of Church Design in Olszyna Lubanska

The history of the design of St. Joseph the Betrothed church in Olszyna Lubaflska is presented in the paper. The first design of the church was drawn up by a local master builder in 1889 but was given such a poor evaluation by a firm of architects in Berlin that a new project had to be commissioned. The technical opinion on the design is analysed in the paper： both projects are discussed and some of the drawings from the projects are presented. The text of the expert evaluation and the draft of the church have never been published yet.

Chronological Restoration of Fort Frontenac in 3D for Heritage Visualization

This paper is composed of three elements： 3D modeling, web design and heritage visualization on the basis of the chronological restoration of Fort Frontenac in 1673, 1675, 1680, 1685 and 1688, changing from narrow and plain to broad, grand features. The aim is to use computer graphic design to inform and create an interest in historical visualization by rebuilding Fort Frontenac using 3D modeling and interactive design. The final model can be integrated into an interactive website to learn more about the fort＇s historic importance. It is apparent that using computer graphics can save time and money when it comes to historical visualization. Visitors do not have to travel to the actual archaeological buildings and can simply use the web in their own homes to learn about this information virtually. In order to create a sophisticated restoration of archaeological buildings, meticulously assessing historical records will draw viewers into the visualizations, such as the historical world of Fort Frontenac. As a result, the completed restoration allows the viewers to effectively understand the fort＇s social system, habits and historical events.

Development of Bayesian Network Models for Risk-Based Ship Design

In the past fifteen years, the attention of ship safety treatment as an objective rather than a constraint has started to sweep through the whole maritime industry. The risk-based ship design （RBD） methodology, advocating systematic integration of risk assessment within the conventional design process has started to takeoff. Despite this wide recognition and increasing popularity, important factors that could potentially undermine the quality of the results come from both quantitative and qualitative aspects during the risk assessment process. This paper details a promising solution by developing a formalized methodology for risk assessment through effective storing and processing of historical data combined with data generated through first-principle approaches. This method should help to generate appropriate risk models in the selected platform （Bayesian networks） which can be employed for decision making at design stare.

Spatial Processing and Coordination Design of Indoor and Outdoor Space

From the review of development history of indoor design in China, we can see that it develops rapidly from sprout to expansion, and has large professional scale. It goes through ignorance, misconception and comprehensive understanding. And it has developed into a perfect and independent composite subject. From the perspective of interior design continuing architectural design in time-space dimension, the paper focuses on observing the application analysis of coordinated interior design, which not only provides reference for interior design in China, but also improves the interior design in China.

A half-century of radioisotope neutron sources in China

Near 50 years history of the development of radioisotope neutron sources in China is briefly reviewed.The structure design,preparing technology and production status of routine neutron sources including 210Po-Be sources,210Po mock fission sources,241Am-Be sources,238Pu-Be sources,252Cf spontaneous fission sources and other special-shape neutron sources are summarized.In addition,the prospects of development on radioisotope neutron source in China are predicted from the needs of nuclear power construction,oil well-logging,neutron moisture gauge and neutron brachytherapy.

Urban and Architectural Design of the Piazza del Governo in Enna

The paper deals with the urban space of Piazza del Governo in Enna, a town located in the center of Sicily. This square was realized in 1935 by the architect Salvatore Caronia Roberti and is representative of the 1930s＇ fascist regime. The aim of this research is the knowledge of this urban space： the historical references, the compositive choices, the planimetric layout and its geometric rigor, and the monumentality and representativeness of the buildings overlooking the square. The research used the tools of Survey and Representation to better understand the dimensional ratios both at the urban and architectural scale. We have carried out an integrated survey （direct, photogrammetric, 3D laser scanning） in order to acquire a whole set of information essential to describe, document, and appreciate all the features of this urban space. Our investigation started by analyzing the historical documents preserved at the Historic Archive of the city of Enna （project drawings, letters, and historical images） to better understand why some decisions have been taken. The final result represents the historical memory up-to-date of the whole urban space, and it allows any academics to investigate more about the project： the initial decisions, the conservation state, and the possible and more coherent interventions of maintenance and preservation.

Design of decoupling Smith control for multivariable system with time delays

In order to solve the decoupling control problem of multivariable system with time delays,a new decoupling Smith control method for multivariable system with time delays was proposed. Firstly,the decoupler based on the adjoint matrix of the multivariable system model with time delays was introduced,and the decoupled models were reduced to first-order plus time delay models by analyzing the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics. Secondly,according to the closed-loop characteristic equation of Smith predictor structure,proportion integration (PI) controllers were designed following the principle of pole assignment for Butterworth filter. Finally,using small-gain theorem and Nyquist stability criterion,sufficient and necessary conditions for robust stability were analyzed with multiplicative uncertainties,which could be encountered frequently in practice. The result shows that the method proposed has superiority for response speed and load disturbance rejection performance.

＂Hao Shi Duo Mo＂： An Interactive Museum Exhibit Underpinned by IPOP-AEF

Up until the early 1960s, rural Taiwan Residents people used grindstones to grind food items such as beans or wheat. As technology developed, this tool gradually fell out of use in Taiwan. Yet for the older generation, the tool remains a symbol of the belief that hard work will lead to prosperity. This paper aimed to invoke these memories and beliefs through the design of an innovative museum exhibit. To achieve this, we designed a human-computer interface using the form and feel of this important historical artefact. We analyzed the design of this exhibit using the Idea-People-Object-Physical Attract-Engage-Flip （IPOP-AEF） model developed by Pekarik, Schreiber, Hanemann, Richmond, and Mogel （2014）. The designed exhibit ＂Hao Shi Duo Mo＂ was on show in Taiwan in May 2015. It was well-received by visitors, which was likely due to its fulfilment of each of the six elements of the IPOP-AEF model. This analysis serves as valuable reference for exhibition designer and artists.

Towards a Methodology for Evaluating Architectural Heritage Preservation Methods

The treatment of historical buildings represents challenges for those who are concerned with conservation. The difficulty lies in how to apply the treatment without destroying the old components and the original design of the building. The treatment processes take place by the classification of the type and the value of the building, then the determination of the deterioration level decides the level of intervention. The aim of the research is to provide a method for assessing the ways of preserving the architectural and urban heritage, which includes all the factors that affect the preservation of the heritage so as to access that it contributes to access to the deficiencies in the ways of preserving the heritage and to build a plan for action to avoid them in the future. The research followed a causal comparative research approach that began with an analytical study to determine the factors affecting preservation and its considerations, by collecting and analyzing the data of the most important international and national charters and recommendations for the preservation. This study defined the preservation works into 4 levels of interventions passed on the intervention objectives, building＇s physical state, causes for the deterioration and maintenance works. By comparing the deterioration level with the intervention level for the conservation procedures, the result indicates the suitability of the work performed. This result could be number between 4 and -4.

Research and Application of Even-Drive Washing Technology

In this paper, the development history and existing shortcomings of washing machines have been briefly described, the operating principle of the current washing machines has been analyzed, user requirements and the direction of industry development have been found out, and the even-drive washing technology has been studied out through adoption of hyperbolic impeller and suspended inner barrel structure, as well as high-efficiency drive and innovated control design. Thereby the problems with existing washing machines such as heavy twist and wear, uneven wash of clothes, long washing time, and high water and power consumption are solved.

Engineering practice of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China

The concepts of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures emerged in the early 1970s.In China,the first seismic isolation structure was finished in 1993,and the first energy dissipation structure was built at about the same time.Up to 2007,China had more than 600 seismic isolation and about 100 energy dissipation building structures.In 2008,the huge Wenchuan earthquake hit the southwest of China,which triggered a bloom of new seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.This paper presents the development history and representative applications of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China,reviews the state-of-the-practice of Chinese design,and discusses the challenges in the future applications.Major findings are as follows:Basic design procedures are becoming standardized after more than ten years of experiences,which mainly involve determination of design earthquake forces,selection of ground motions,modeling and time-history analyses,and performance criteria.Nonlinear time-history analyses using multiple ground motions are the characteristic of the design of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.Regulations,standardization and quality control of devices,balance between performance and cost,comparison with real responses,and regular inspection are identified as the issues that should be improved to further promote the application of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China.