《诉讼法文献与知识管理系统》的分类主题标引实践

简介《诉讼法文献与知识管理系统》制作由来及概貌,指出数据库标引质量是影响数据库检索效率的重要因素,介绍我们在设计这一检索系统的标引实践。

清末诉讼法改革争议之探讨——以《诉讼法驳议部居》为考察中心

清政府在内忧外患之下谕令变法修律,1906年完成《大清刑事民事诉讼法草案》,朝廷谕令地方封疆大吏进行讨论,其后一年多时间内各省督抚将军纷纷上奏阐明,疑其窒碍。时人赵彬将此意见编纂成《诉讼法驳议部居》,逐条罗列律文,其后附上官员的相关驳议意见。草案条文263条,驳议条文达到85条,理由各异,亦不尽然是"墨守成规",毕竟法律的移植如同"南橘北枳",要考虑所移植的本土之质,立法相对容易,但其实施成效并非一纸所能完成。

犯罪嫌疑人在侦查阶段享有的诉讼权利

在我国,犯罪嫌疑人在侦查阶段仍然是拥一系列诉讼权利的主体,居于当事人的地位,这一地位标志他们是可以通过积极主动的防御求助活动,与侦查机关展开对抗,对侦查机关施加积极影响的独立一方当事人,这些活动集中体现在他们所享有的诉讼权利上.

伊斯兰法与中东伊斯兰国家法律现代化

中东伊斯兰国家法律的发展过程,是习惯法、伊斯兰法及西方法三种法律文化互相排斥、融合的过程。由于许多现实性较强的习惯法已逐渐纳入伊斯兰法,习惯法的作用已逐渐淡化。近代以来,中东伊斯兰国家法律的现代化主要表现为伊斯兰法与西方法的两重变奏。中东伊斯兰国家法律的现代化中充满了激烈的冲突,伊斯兰法的复兴集中反映了本土法与外来法、宗教法与世俗法、传统法与现代法间的尖锐矛盾。中东伊斯兰国家法律的现代化方向是朝着混合法类型演进。

阿布列林：澄清有片心

阿布列林·阿不列孜,男,维吾尔族,新疆哈密地区中级人民法院退休干部.1968年,阿布列林曾经在途经河南时访问了兰考的焦裕禄故居.这次兰考之行影响了他的一生.1979年10月,阿布列林因表现突出,被调入哈密县检察院工作.从没学过法律的他,白天工作,晚上捧着《刑法》《诉讼法》学习,以惊人的毅力自学法律专业知识.

Research on the applicable problems of the rules of the exclusion of the illegal evidences

With the full implementation of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the application of the rules of the exclusion of the illegal evidences is more inclined to the protection of the human rights. However, in the process of the implementation of the new laws, the problems in view of the rules of the exclusion of the illegal evidences are also prominent, which are mainly reflected in the ambiguity of the scope of the application, the start of the program of the exclusion, and the formalization the trial certificates and other aspects. Therefore, in this article, the author starts from the concept of the illegal evidences, and expounds the principles of the exclusion and the abilities of the evidences, and especially explores the abilities of the evidences and the probative forces. From the differences between the two, the author strictly proves the virtualization of the standards, in order to provide the positive solutions for strengthening the exclusionary procedure of the illegal evidences.

Special Knowledge in Criminal Procedure： Essence, Borders, and Role

This article presents attempts to make a comprehensive study of＂special knowledge＂ and to determine its role in the criminal process and criminology nowadays. The concept of special knowledge and its borders, especially the use of its various forms are analyzed. The author considers some controversial provisions in the demarcation of expertise special knowledge from other knowledge （including legal）, and establishes their relationship. The provision for the need to establish certain ＂unification＂ in the use of specialized knowledge, as well as in the appointment and conducting forensic examinations, inviting experts, obtaining advice is made. This also applies to the aspirations of uniform methods, expertise techniques and technology in the application of special knowledge. The use of examination in criminal justice in Ukraine is analyzed and some of the changes associated with the adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code are considered. The changes in procedures are associated with the desire to transform the traditional regulations and to move to the adversarial criminal process. The necessity of equal procedural opportunities in the use of special knowledge by the prosecution and the defense is argued.

A CDA Approach to Understanding Chinese Basic Education Reform From Sino-US News Reports

It has been about one decade since China takes effect the basic education reform, and this study chooses 14 news reports about Chinese basic education reform in the recent years from both America and China as the research samples, and analyzes the samples from the perspective of critical discourse analysis （CDA） to show whether there are differences in the two countries＇ news reports. The samples in this study are selected from the official websites of the two countries. Among the American news reports, some reports from New York Times and others from CNN; while among the Chinese reports, some are from China Daily and others are from CCTV. Under the theoretical framework of CDA, this paper is based on Fairclough＇s three-dimensional modes, and chooses Halliday＇s systemic-functional grammar as the analytical tool. It aims to reveal the hidden relationship between news reports language and ideology as well as power through the contrastive analysis. Through the analysis it finds out that the power relations and ideologies tend to exist in news reports on the issue of Chinese basic education reform. The purposes of news reports are not only to provide the latest information to readers, but also to influence the readers ideologies and at last even to control the readers＇ ideologies through reading of the very issue

Compensatory Damages in Personal Information Public Interest Litigation in China: Challenges and Prospects

In contrast to private interest litigation,public interest litigation provides a more potent solution to personal information infringements marked by extensive scope,unspecified victims,and limited individual loss.However,com⁃pensatory damages remain a contentious issue,both in theory and in practice,within the legal framework of personal in⁃formation public interest litigation.Through an empirical study conducted within China's judicial practice,this paper reveals that the pending issue concerning the nature and function of compensatory damages has caused highly contra⁃dictory verdicts regarding their calculation and allocation,as well as their relationship with other forms of pecuniary li⁃abilities.Only by acknowledging the role of compensatory damages imposed in personal information public interest liti⁃gation as"Skimming off Excess Profits",and affirming their function as deterrence rather than compensation can they truly achieve the broader objective of safeguarding personal information security and promoting public welfare,as well as avoid disrupting the harmony of the existing legal landscape.

山东五莲:高泽司法所“一抓二严”加强队伍建设

抓业务学习。要求工作人员利用集体学习时间学习《人民调解法》《诉讼法》等与工作密切相关的法律知识和道德知识讲座,做到业务知识与道德水平同提高。严肃工作纪律。严格执行请销假制度,有事请假须填写书面假条;工作时间一律不准做与工作无关的事情;工作时间严禁擅自脱离工作岗位,确因工作原因需要外出必须填写外出登记表。

Research on the Legal Attributes and Values of Forensic Testimony in Criminal Proceedings from the Perspective of Legal Norms

From the perspective of legal norms, the legal attributes of forensic testimony in the course of criminal proceedings are manifested in two forms： one is the collection of evidence; the other is the exercise of power. However, the values residing in these two legal attributes are not the same. The former emphasizes ＂justice,＂ and the latter, ＂efficiency.＂ An analysis of the legal norms governing forensic testimony in different periods shows that forensic testimony in criminal proceedings is gradually shifting from a pattern dominated by the exercise of power to one characterized by the collection of evidence. However, a genuine return to the essential character of forensic testimony as the collection of evidence must be premised on a change in the value orientation of the Criminal Procedure Law, that is, on a change from ＂efficiency＂ to ＂justice.＂

Revival and Development of the Criminal Reconciliation System in China

With the adoption of the governance policy of a harmonious society and with the further strengthening of the criminal policy of mitigating severity with leniency, China＇s criminal reconciliation system is undergoing rapid development. In the 2012 Criminal Procedure Law of the People＇s Republic of China, criminal reconciliation is stipulated in a separate chapter under ＂Special Procedures,＂ thereby comprehensively establishing for the first time a criminal reconciliation system with Chinese characteristics in the Criminal Procedure Law. However, China＇s legislation on criminal reconciliation remains relatively broad-brush and controversial. Improved regulation and system construction now point the way for future development.

The Chinese Model of the Legal Regulation of Technical Investigation

Technical investigation is a special means of investigation among criminal procedures. It has the highest risk parameter. Its legislative model as well as its operation in practice is closely related to the development of science and technology, the public security situation, the state of criminal offences, human rights protection, and related issues. If technical investigation is to strike a balance between crime control and human rights protection in the course of realizing the objectives of criminal procedure, we need to regulate its applicable principles, decision-making mechanisms, implementation mechanisms and remedies in accordance with law.

A Brief Review of the Second Revision of China's Criminal Procedure Law

Since the enactment of China＇s Criminal Procedure Law in 1979, China＇s criminal procedure system has undergone a process of refinement and elaboration. A relatively complete framework for the criminal procedure system has been constructed that fits in well with contemporary international thinking on criminal procedure. The Decision on Amending the Criminal Procedure Law of the People＇s Republic of China passed by the National People＇s Congress on March 14, 2012 highlights China＇s strenuous efforts in protecting human rights and promoting the modernization of the legal system. It also demonstrates the consolidation and absorption of the achievements of China＇s continuing reforms. A review of the main content of the Amendment to Criminal Procedure Law is highly significant for the further improvement of the system.

Judicial Amendment and Lack of Thoroughness:Analysis of Provisions on Evidence in the Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law

China＇s Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law of 2012 revises the provisions on rules of evidence. There are a number of positive changes compared to the original text, but some shortcomings still exist. For instance, although the legislation recognizes the right against compulsory self-incrimination, it does not acknowledge the right to silence and retains the obligation of the accused to confess; the amended provisions are more tolerant of the use of illegal tactics like ＂threats,＂ ＂enticement＂ and ＂deceit＂ to obtain confessions; the legislative approach does not resolutely deter unlawful search and seizure in the collection of evidence; and although there are provisions for protection of persona/safety, financial compensation and judicial sanctions to ensure that witnesses appear before court to testify, there are no provisions on the most important rule in the evidence system, the hearsay rule.

The Idea of the Judicial System in a Large Country and the Development of International Civil Procedure in China

The development of China’s international civil procedure should correspond to the development of the country’s reform and opening to the outside world.As a large economic country,China needs to draw on international civil procedures to guarantee its worldwide interests;and as a large country with the rule of law,it needs to improve the level of its judicial services and enhance the market attraction of its judicial system in global dispute resolution.Given that a country’s judicial system is an important element in measuring its comprehensive competitiveness,the global competitiveness of our international civil procedure is one of the goals to be pursued in the reform of Chinese judicial system.In order to raise the level of Chinese international civil procedure,China should emphasize the idea of the judicial system of a large country and prioritize its competitiveness,service orientation and cooperative approach to dispute resolution.In addition,it should focus on the following reforms:firstly,establishing a specialized system of international civil jurisdiction,with an increase in matters for competitive jurisdiction;secondly,enhancing China’s specialist services capacity in international civil actions,highlighting the expedient protection given to the rights of the parties concerned and stressing the professional development of judicial bodies in the commercial field;and thirdly,strengthening international judicial cooperation and facilitating the global movement of Chinese judgments.

Cost-Sharing in Civil Justice

As an economic factor affecting access to justice, the cost of justice naturally constitutes an element of judicial reform. It is the overall deconstruction of the cost of civil justice, rather than partial observation and analysis confined to litigation costs, that can legitimize the sharing of court and litigation costs and clarify the demarcation between public and private costs. This first-order rule of cost-sharing is intended to establish a balance between the state＇s investment of public resources in the judicial system and the costs borne by the litigant. The second-order rule of cost-sharing centers on the distribution of litigation costs among litigants. This requires not only the setting up of the goal of just and equitable sharing of litigation costs, but also the overall consideration of the adjustment function of the cost mechanism in litigation and pursuit of the general improvement of the justice system. The third-order cost-sharing rule should focus on giving full play to the legal services market and social organizations in sharing the cost of litigation. Its success will depend on the development of professional ethics and on legal regulation.

Data analysis of flow of litigation into different channels in China

Following reform and opening up, China witnessed a rapid increase in legal cases, but the rate of increase has undergone a marked decline since 1997. The reasons this has occurred in a period of social transformation are threefold： a non-litigious dispute-settling mechanism, judicial policy and the credibility of the courts. A data analysis of the average annual rate of growth, the correlation coefficient and the respective proportions of solutions under the litigious and the non-litigious dispute-settling mechanisms indicates that the slowing of the rate of growth of litigation has been accompanied by a decrease in the role of the people＇s mediation system and the economic arbitration system. However, it is the strengthening of administrative dispute-settling mechanisms, a judicial policy of not accepting cases, the reform of litigation fees and a series of institutional cbnstructs aimed at judicial corruption that has curbed the rapid increase of legal cases.