In consideration of the great influence of the Bible and the Greek culture on Hardy, and the truth that Jude the Obscure has rarely been studied by employing the archetypal theory, the writer of this thesis tries to e...In consideration of the great influence of the Bible and the Greek culture on Hardy, and the truth that Jude the Obscure has rarely been studied by employing the archetypal theory, the writer of this thesis tries to explore this novel from archetypal perspective. This thesis focuses on the archetypal themes ＂paradise lost＂ and ＂redemption＂ contained in this novel. Specifically speaking, through the comparison of the characters and the processes of losing paradise between this novel and the Bible, and the deep analysis of the physical and the mental ordeals in Jude, this thesis profoundly uncovers the inhumanity and hypocrisy of the religion and marriage in Victoria.展开更多
Aims Field and common garden comparisons are commonly performed to test the rapid evolution of increased vigor in introduced plant populations.Latitudinal dines in phenotypic traits can obscure such evolutionary infer...Aims Field and common garden comparisons are commonly performed to test the rapid evolution of increased vigor in introduced plant populations.Latitudinal dines in phenotypic traits can obscure such evolutionary inferences,particularly when native or introduced populations are distributed across large geographic ranges.We tested whether the latitudinal dines influence comparisons between introduced and native populations of Senecio vulgaris.Methods Senecio vulgaris is native to Europe but has been introduced in northeastern and southwestern China.To evaluate the performance in terms of growth and reproduction between native European populations and introduced Chinese populations,we compared plant height,number of branches and number of capitula in field populations in native and introduced ranges and in a common garden in Switzerland.Important Findings The introduced Chinese populations performed better than the native European populations in the field in terms of plant height and number of capitula,which was consistent with the prediction of the evolution of the increased competitive ability(EICA)hypothesis.The Chinese populations produced more capitula than the European populations when the latitudinal cline was considered in the common garden comparison.When we compared the traits of the northeastern Chinese,southwestern Chinese and European populations in both the field and common garden,the northeastern Chinese populations,at latitudes similar to those of the European populations,exhibited greater plant size and more capitula than the European populations in both the field and common garden.However,the southwestern Chinese populations,at latitudes much lower than those of the European populations,did not perform better than the native populations in terms of reproduction.In conclusion,our results suggest that latitudinal dines in phenotypic traits should be considered in field and common garden comparisons when introduced populations are geographically structured.展开更多
文摘In consideration of the great influence of the Bible and the Greek culture on Hardy, and the truth that Jude the Obscure has rarely been studied by employing the archetypal theory, the writer of this thesis tries to explore this novel from archetypal perspective. This thesis focuses on the archetypal themes ＂paradise lost＂ and ＂redemption＂ contained in this novel. Specifically speaking, through the comparison of the characters and the processes of losing paradise between this novel and the Bible, and the deep analysis of the physical and the mental ordeals in Jude, this thesis profoundly uncovers the inhumanity and hypocrisy of the religion and marriage in Victoria.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30670359 and 31700326)the 111 project(B13008)Beijing Advanced Innovation Program for Land Surface Science and the State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology.
文摘Aims Field and common garden comparisons are commonly performed to test the rapid evolution of increased vigor in introduced plant populations.Latitudinal dines in phenotypic traits can obscure such evolutionary inferences,particularly when native or introduced populations are distributed across large geographic ranges.We tested whether the latitudinal dines influence comparisons between introduced and native populations of Senecio vulgaris.Methods Senecio vulgaris is native to Europe but has been introduced in northeastern and southwestern China.To evaluate the performance in terms of growth and reproduction between native European populations and introduced Chinese populations,we compared plant height,number of branches and number of capitula in field populations in native and introduced ranges and in a common garden in Switzerland.Important Findings The introduced Chinese populations performed better than the native European populations in the field in terms of plant height and number of capitula,which was consistent with the prediction of the evolution of the increased competitive ability(EICA)hypothesis.The Chinese populations produced more capitula than the European populations when the latitudinal cline was considered in the common garden comparison.When we compared the traits of the northeastern Chinese,southwestern Chinese and European populations in both the field and common garden,the northeastern Chinese populations,at latitudes similar to those of the European populations,exhibited greater plant size and more capitula than the European populations in both the field and common garden.However,the southwestern Chinese populations,at latitudes much lower than those of the European populations,did not perform better than the native populations in terms of reproduction.In conclusion,our results suggest that latitudinal dines in phenotypic traits should be considered in field and common garden comparisons when introduced populations are geographically structured.
