豆豆飞飞旅行记

豆豆和飞飞是一对好姐妹，她们最大的梦想就是周游全世界。 一天，豆豆和飞飞早早地起床了，打开窗户换空气。

夏播大豆荚而不实影响因素与防控措施

大豆荚而不实在黄淮海流域普遍发生,且呈逐年加重趋势,给农业生产以及育种研究带来较大损失,防控形势日益严峻,已成为黄淮海流域大豆生产上亟待解决的重要问题。大豆荚而不实的发生既与品种遗传特性有关,又与植株生长状况、水肥供给、环境因子及病虫危害有密切联系。从夏播大豆的秕荚率遗传、耕作制度、栽培措施、气象因素及病虫危害方面分析了大豆荚而不实的影响因素与防控措施,以期对大豆荚而不实有更全面的了解,同时对今后的研究方向进行了探讨,为综合防控措施的优化提供参考信息,并为抗病抗虫品种的培育提供新思路。

Molecular Characterization of a Chinese Soybean Mosaic Virus Isolate by RT_PCR, cDNA Sequence Analysis and Direct Expression of PCR Products in Bacteria

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most severe viral diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and is known to contain many pathogenically and serologically related isolates. In the present study, the authors have obtained cDNAs to all cistrons of a Chinese SMV isolate, SMV_ZK, by RT_PCR. By analysing the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the HC_PRO, NIb and CP cistrons, it was found that SMV_ZK was highly homologous to the G2 strain of SMV, thus confirming the existence of G2_like isolates in soybean crop in China. The amplified cDNAs were directly cloned into a bacterial expression vector. With the exception of the P3 cistron, expression of the cDNAs of all other cistrons in bacteria gave rise to polypeptides of expected molecular weight. The expressed viral proteins were subsequently purified by gel elution. The preparation of viral_specific cDNAs and gene products will be useful in future functional study of the SMV genome.

Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation on Phosphorus Uptake,Yield and Quality of Soybean Plants

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation with various rhizobium strains on growth status, phosphorus uptake, yield and quality of soybean plants. [Method] Using Dongnong 42 and Dongnong 46 as experimental soybeans, four treatments were designed, including non-inoculated CK group and three treatment groups inoculated respectively with rhizobium strains R2, R, and Rs, to analysis the effects of rhizobium inoculation on growth status, phosphorus uptake, yield and quality of soybean plants. [Result] Inoculation with different rhizobium strains could significantly increase the biomass and phosphorus content of the roots and shoots of Dongnong 42, to be specific, rhizobium strain R2 showed the best ef- fect, followed by Rs, and those of roots were improved greater than the shoots; in- oculation with rhizobium could significantly increase the yield of Dongnong 42, and R5 showed the best effect, but the yield of Dongnong 46 was decreased; after in- oculated with rhizobium, the protein content and fat content of soybean were signifi- cantly increased, and R2 showed the best effect, but the effects on different varieties varied, to be specific, the protein content of Dongnong 42 was significantly in- creased, while the fat content of Dongnong 46 was significantly increased; different rhizobium strains inoculated to different soybean varieties showed different effects. Inoculation with suitable rhizobium can improve plant growth characteristics, promote phosphorus uptake of plants, increase soybean yield, and effectively improve soy- bean quality. [Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for solving the prob- lem of soil phosphorus deficiency, increasing soybean yield and improving soybean quality in the future.

A Proteinase from Mung Bean Sprouts That Inactivaties Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor

By 30% - 60% (NH4)(2)SO4 fractional precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and anion-exchange chromatography on Waters AP-1 column (Protein(PM)-Pak DEAE 15HR), a proteinase which can inactivate soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) was purified from mung bean ( Vigna rabiata (L.) Wilezek) sprouts. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 29.8 kD by SDS-PAGE, and its K-m and V-max for STI were 769.2 N-alpha -benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester BAEE/mL and 115.3 BAEE . mL(-1) . min(-1) respectively. This proteinase was stable at temperatures lower than 50 degreesC and pH 6.5 - 8.5, and 90.91% STI activity of defatted soybean powder was inactivated by this preparation, with proteolytic activity 5 000 BAEE/mL at 50 degreesC and pH 8.0 in 4 h.

豆豆

邻居柯爷爷家有一只小狗叫豆豆，它是一只狐狸犬，有一双尖尖的耳朵，长着一身厚实的土黄色的毛，一条漂亮的尾巴向上翘着，十分可爱。 我非常喜欢它，它也特别喜欢我，一见到我就使劲摇尾巴，用爪子在我的裤子上印几个小脚印，还一跳一跳地用鼻子碰我的手心。 豆豆可淘气啦!每次看见猫就飞快地冲上去，猫被追得无处可逃的时候，噌的一声上了树，豆豆就围着树转圈，

High-efficiency Planting Techniques of Five Crops a Year for Fresh Edible "Faba Bean/Spring Mazie+Soybean-Autumn Maize/Autumn Soybean"

The high-efficiency planting mode for five crops a year of fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ was introduced, and its yield and economic benefits were compared with the planting mode of three crops a year of ＂faba bean-spring maize/red bean＂. The results showed that the planting method for fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ was much easier to operate with the input-output ratio of about185.6%, and its yield and economic benefits were 2.09 and 1.83 times of that of the planting mode for three crops a year, significantly improving the agricultural yield and income of farmers. In addition, the cropping index of the planting mode for fresh edible fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize ＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ reached up to 350%, and planting faba bean once a year and soybean twice a year could make the biological fixation amount of nitrogen increase 350-450kg/m^2, which equaled to up to 700 kg/m^2 of urea, showing significant ecological and social benefits. Based on the comparison results, the high-yield culture techniques of the planting mode of fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ were summarized.

Hypothetical Commercialization of Biotech Soybeans in China： Impacts on Domestic Markets and International Trade

China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This paper assesses the possible effects of adoption of herbicide-tolerant, biotech soybeans in China and its impact on the world soybean trade. Results indicate that under a low technology fee and high adoption rate, China would be able to satisfy its soybean food demand. Urban consumers＇ strong preference for non-biotech soybean oil may lead to increase in imports of non-biotech soybeans.

Optimization of Solid State Fermentation Conditions Using a Mixture of Bean Curd Residue and Marc with Bacillus natto

[Objective] The aim was to optimize the appropriate solid state fermentation(SSF)conditions.[Method] The optimization of solid state fermentation using a mixture substrate of bean curd residue and the marc with Bacillus natto was developed.[Result] The best fermentation condition optimized by the test of single factor and the orthogonal design respectively was mixing ratio of bean curd residue to marc 2∶1,substrate pH value 6,fermentation temperature 39 ℃,inoculum volume 10% and fermentation time 48 h.Under this optimized fermentation condition,the content of crude fiber in the substrate decreased from 107.8 mg/g before SSF to 56.2 mg/g after SSF,and the degeneration rate of crude fiber was 47.87%.[Conclusion] The bean curd residue in its palatability was enormously improved by SSF with Bacillus natto strain,which could be expected to be widely used as raw material of health foodstuff.

豆豆的天空

雨，一直下。 教室外飘起了蒙蒙细雨。 偏在此时，可恶的放学铃声又不请自来，豆豆陷入沉思，她想：爸妈都没有下班，我该怎么回家呢？

为孩子的明天染上别样美丽的色彩

"看起来像什么并不重要,重要的是事实是什么." "不要那么快就去评断别人.而且要记住,你说的话往往会造成很大的影响."

Biosorption of Pb^（2＋） with Modified Soybean Hulls as Absorbent

Using soybean hull residue after the soluble dietary fiber being removed during the soybean processing industry as crude material,a novel absorbent,modified soybean hulls,is prepared.Its adsorption behavior for Pb2＋ is studied.The adsorbent has a large and efficient adsorption capacity for Pb2＋,up to 20% of the mass of dry ad-sorbent.Its maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2＋ reaches 217 mg·g-1 at initial Pb2＋ concentration of 2000 mg·L-1,which is twice that of yeast absorbent and threefold greater than that of chitosan absorbent.The adsorption ability is sensitive to pH value in the solution and the optimal pH for adsorption of Pb2＋ is 7.0.In the presence of other metal ions （Ca2＋,Mg2＋ and Na＋） in the solution,their effect on the adsorption capacity for Pb2＋ is not obvious.After 5 cy-cles of adsorption,80% adsorption capacity of Pb2＋ is maintained.Compared with various available commercial resins,the modified soybean hulls are a plentiful,inexpensive and effective medium for the capture of dissolved Pb2＋ from waste streams.

Urinary Profiles of Soy Isoflavone Metabolites in Women,Female Piglets and Female Rats Consuming Soy Diet

Objective: To investigate the urinary soy isoflavone metabolites from women, female piglets and rats fed with diet containing soy protein. Methods: Urinary samples from human and animals were collected after soy diet consumption. Identification for soy isoflavone metabolites in urine samples was processed using an Agilent Bruker LC Esquire ion trap system. Quantification of aglycone and conjugated soy isoflavone metabolites were also analyzed using a method published previously. Results: Identification studies showed that aglycones and conjugates of soy isoflavone metabolites were found in women and porcine samples. Interestingly, glucuronide conjugate of equol, besides glucuronide conjugates of genistein and daidzein, were found in rat urine. Glucuronide conjugate of equol was the major metabolite found in rat urine. A quantitative study showed that conjugated forms of isoflavones were more than 90% in woman urine, were between 80.5% and 84.5% in female porcine urine, and were less than 50% in female rat urine. Conclusion: Equol is the major metabolite found in female rat urine, but it is not found in woman or female porcine urine. Urinary profiles show that porcine model is more appropriate for mimicking human soy diet consuming studies.

The Chemical Quality of Some Legumes, Peas, Fava Beans, Blue and White Lupins and Soybeans Cultivated in Finland

The cultivation and management of different legume species and their varieties were tested in South-Western Finland at farmers＇ fields in two years, 2010 and 2011. The studied legumes were peas and lava beans, and included also such species which are seldom or not normally cultivated in Finland, namely soybeans and blue and white lupins. Seed samples were collected from legume farms. The quality of different legume species was analysed and compared to each others. The chemical qualities were analysed for crude protein, fat, fibre, ash, nitrogen-free extract and phytic acid contents, and amino acid composition. The quality of the varieties of lupins and soybeans were compared to the quality of pea and fava bean varieties, which are generally cultivated nowadays in Finland. The highest protein contents were in soybean （369 and 379 g kg^-1） and white lupin （382 g kg^-1） and the lowest in pea varieties. Amino acid composition of legumes is good, but lupins have lower lysine content （g 100 g^-1 protein） than other legumes. High fat contents were in soybeans （91 and 100 g kg^-1） and white lupin （101 g kgl）, and moderate in blue lupin （30-49 g kg^-1）. Fuego fava bean variety had lower protein content than Kontu. The highest phytic acid contents were in soybeans （18.9 and 22.6 mg kg^-1） and the lowest in white lupin （6.2 mg kg^-1）. Lupins are interesting protein crops, especially white lupin with high protein and fat and low phytic acid contents. Lupins are not day length sensitive, like soybean, and therefore valuable for long-day cultivation conditions The present research strengthens the good chemical quality of legumes for food and feed purposes.

Effect of Bradyrhizobium sp. Inoculation on Biomass and Nodulation of Cowpea

Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp (cowpea) is a tropical legume of very high nutritive and economic values. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the BNF (biological nitrogen fixation) efficiency of 4 strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. (VUXYI, VUIEI, VUMDSI and VUIDI). From the results obtained these strains were classified into efficiency groups, with VUIDI being the most efficient and VUXYI the least efficient.The effect of inoculation was tested on 2 cowpea varieties in a field experiment. Remarkable increases in nodulation biomass and crop yield were observed. An increase from 58% to 81% in dry seed was obtained for the two varieties. A significance test revealed a significantly positive correlation between nodulation and biomass.

豆豆的“美丽行动”

在这个繁华的大都市里，有一个很不起眼的女孩，每天往返于家庭和学校“两点一线”之间。她个子不算高，身体略微发胖，

豆豆鱼

要点提示： 在黏豆子和米的时候不要着急，要耐心地把豆子和米黏好，还要注意颜色的搭配哦！

豆豆的梦

秋天的夜里，很黑，只能听见风在呼呼地吹着．地上的落叶沙沙地响着。小男孩豆豆躺在温暖而又柔软的床上，不一会儿就进入了梦乡。