3号攻擂手 质量调查

生得清俊貌堂堂，两耳垂肩目有光。 头戴三山飞凤帽，身穿一领淡鹅黄。

Questionnaire Research on Indoor Environment Quality i n China

With 1 185 pi eces of questionnaire, it is found that in China, people take fresh air, odor, e tc., as well as indoor air temperature, humidity, as the most important indoor a ir parameters. It is also found that there is a significant sensitivity differen ce in indoor environment between southerners and northerners in China. People fr om different regions have different demands for their working and living environ ment. Therefore, as a good design of air conditioning system, it is strongly rec ommended that the different demands of people from different regions should be t aken into consideration.

Nutritional status and quality of life of the gastric cancer patients in Changle County of China

AIM: To analyze the relation between nutrition and quality of life in the stomach cancer patients, evaluate the intake of daily nutrition of the patients, and study the feasibility of nutrition intervention in improving quality of life of the stomach cancer patients.METHODS: A total of 285 surgical stomach cancer patients reported in the Changle Cancer Registry from 2002 to 2003 were investigated with respect to their diet and quality of life. Daily nutrition intakes of the patients were calculated according to the Food Composition Database, and these data were compared with the reference values proposed by the Chinese Nutrition Society. The partial correlation was used to analyze the relationship between nutrition and quality of life in the patients. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze the factors influencing nutrition intake in stomach cancer patients.RESULTS: Except vitamin C, there were statistical correlations between the nutrition and quality of life in stomach cancer patients, and differences of the daily nutrition intake among three groups (good, modest and bad quality of life) of the patients were significant. Most of the stomach cancer patients had a lower daily nutrition intake than the reference values. At the significance level α = 0.05, the factors influencing the daily nutrition intake of the patients were number of meals a day, family income, way of operation, exercise and age.CONCLUSION: The nutritional status of the operated patients with stomach cancer may impact on their quality of life. The stomach cancer patients in Changle County have a low level of daily nutrition intake, which suggests that they have a bad nutritional status. To improve the quality of life of the patients, the nutrition intervention should be conducted. Increasing times of meals a day and having a high-protein, high-calorie foods can improve the nutritional status of the stomach cancer patients.Moreover, exercise for rehabilitation can whet the appetite of the patients and recover their body function, which in turn may improve the quality of life of the stomach cancer patients.

Treatment of functional dyspepsia with sertraline:A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM:To evaluate sertraline,a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia.METHODS:Consecutive tertiary hospital patients with a clinical diagnosis of functional dyspepsia(FD) according to the Rome Ⅱ criteria with a Hong Kong dyspepsia index(HKDI) of greater than 16 were recruited.Patients commenced enrolment prior to the inception of the Rome Ⅲ criteria for functional dyspepsia.All patients were ethnic Chinese,had a normal upper endoscopy and were Helicobacter pylori negative prior to enrolment.Study patients were randomized to receive sertraline 50 mg or placebo daily for 8 wk.HKDI symptom scores,quality of life,hospital anxiety and depression(HAD) scale and global symptom relief were evaluated before,during and after treatment.Adverse effects were monitored during and after treatment.RESULTS:A total of 193 patients were randomized in the intention to treat(ITT),and 150 patients were included in the per protocol(PP) analysis.In both the ITT and PP,there was no difference in the primary outcome of global dyspepsia symptoms between the sertraline and placebo groups at week 8.In the ITT analysis,98 and 95 patients were randomized to the sertraline and placebo groups respectively.A total of 43 patients withdrew from the study(22.3%) by week 8,with 23 of the 24 drop-outs in the sertraline group occurring prior to week 4(95.8%).In contrast,in the placebo arm,11 of 19 patients dropped out by week 4(57.9%).Utilizing the last response carried forward to account for the drop-outs,there were no differences between the sertraline and placebo groups at baseline in terms of the HKDI,HKDI 26.08 ± 6.19 vs 26.70 ± 5.89,P = 0.433;and at week 8,HKDI 22.41 ± 6.36 vs 23.25 ± 7.30,P = 0.352 respectively.In the PP analysis,74 and 76 patients were randomized to the sertraline and placebo groups respectively.At baseline,there were no statistically significant differences between the sertraline and placebo groups,HKDI 25.83 ± 6.313 vs 27.19 ± 5.929 respectively,P = 0.233;however by week 8,patients in the sertraline group demonstrated a statistically significant difference in their Hong Kong Dyspepsia Index compared to placebo,HKDI 20.53 ± 6.917 vs 23.34 ± 7.199,P = 0.02,respectively).There was also no statistically significant difference in overall quality of life measures or the HAD scale related to treatment in either the ITT or PP analysis at week 8.CONCLUSION:This pilot study,the first to examine sertraline,a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,for the management of FD,did not find that it was superior to placebo.

NATIONAL SURVEY ON PREVALENCE OF CANCER PAIN

Objective. To collect nationwide basic data about cancer related pain. Methods. Sixty cancer patients in each province were randomly selected to participate in this survey. The subjects represented all stages of cancer, tumor sites, and different demographic characteristics. Two self- designed structured questionnaires including reasons, types of pain and pain management were used by patients and physicians respectively. Subjects were asked to report whether he/she had experienced any type of cancer related pain and filled out the equivalent questionnaire. The severity of pain was assessed by using“ visual analogue scale” . Original data input and analysis were using EPI- INFO software package. Results. The result showed that 61.6％ (958/1555) of patients had different types of cancer related pain. Majority of pain (85.1％ ) were caused by advanced cancer. The major reasons (64.4％ ) for poor management or impedimental factors of pain care are due to patient including over- concern on opioid analgesic addiction, reluctance to report pain or refused to use opioid analgesic until at times when pain is intolerable; 26.8％ belonged to physician’s reasons including fear to cause addiction on opioid and lack of knowledge about cancer pain management; 16.2％ are due to lack of different kinds of opioid analgesic for use and 16.1％ belonged to drug regulation. Conclusions. The results showed that majority of patients (61.6％ ) had different types of cancer related pain. In most of patients, cancer pain was relieved when they were treated. The major reason for under- treatment or impeded factors for effective relief of cancer pain was fear of opioid addiction by both medical professionals and patients.

Investigation on the sleep quality of military retired cadres

Objective: To investigate the insomnia incidence and treatment status of military retired cadres and offer an instruction for their health care. Methods: We designed a questionnaires composed of general information, health-related factors, diseases, etc. Insomnia manifestations included regular sleep time, shorten sleep time and extent, time of falling asleep, sleep quality, difficultly returning to sleep after awakening at mid-night, insomnia time, etc. Results: A total of 4759 questionnaires (94.2%) were reclaimed. Dyssomnia was found in 1843 persons (38.7%), including 1006 cases of transient insomnia (44.0%) and 837 cases of acute insomnia (36.6%). Conclusion: About one third of the examined military retired cadres have sleep problems, so they should enhance the health care consciousness and receive proper nurse and treatment.

169 patients with postoperative breast cancer on exercising the function of limbs and investigating quality of life:a clinical study

Objective:The aim of this study was to observe the physical training influence on the limbs of postoperative breast cancer patients with adjuvant chemotherapy and do dual-response quality of life(QOL) according to clinical characteristics of patients.Methods:from February 2007 to December 2008,169 patients with postoperative breast cancer were included.We put all the patients into two groups randomly,including 80 patients in the treatment group and 89 patients in the control group.When the cycle of chemotherapy has been completed or on the 28th day postoperatively,all the patients need to be measured the function of upper limbs.The patients in the treatment group perform the rehabilitative training by our rehabilitation gymnastics,and the patients in the control group perform the rehabilitative training by themselves.When 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy have been completed,we evaluated the differences of the function of upper limbs in patients.At the same time,we hand out the QOL questionnaire to patients and their doctors for doing the two-way assessment.Results:Compared with patients in control group,patients in treatment group have better in the abductive angle of shoulders and myodynamia(P = 0.000).By analysis on 156(92.3%) questionnaires,we found that the match rate of doctors and patients with physiological functions and physical symptoms were better than mentation and relationships.The better match rate between doctors and patients in QOL questionnaires suggested that the QOL of patients would be improved in the higher rate.Conclusion:Exercising the function of limbs in early could be beneficial to the patients with postoperative breast cancer and effectively improve patient's QOL.Meanwhile,we put doctors' questionnaires in the assessment of patients' QOL,and the results show that the assessment of patients' QOL is more objective and complete.

Comparative Analysis of China Surface Air Temperature Series for the Past 100 Years

Temperature change plays a crucial role in global change sciences. In the past several decades, comprehensive find- ings have been achieved on temperature change in China for the past 100 years. Several time series have been created to illustrate the averaged surface air temperature for the country. The correlations of these series range from 0.73 to 0.97. It is also achieved in better data quality, wider spatial data coverage, improved homogeneity of time series, and enhanced reliability of findings. The results show an annual mean temperature increase by 0.78±0.27℃ per 100 years in China for the period 1906-2005. After prolonging the period till 2007, it is found that 2007 is rated as the warmest year in the past 100 years. Although all the series, except one, reflect temperature changes in the eastern part of China before the 1930s, they represent the general temperature change in most parts of the country after the 1930s.

Risk Communication： Survey on Quality of Safety Data Sheets of Agricultural Substances

Manufacturers of chemicals are responsible for setting up a list of tools, including labels and safety data sheets, in order to provide adequate information about dangerous properties being labels and safety data sheets the main instruments for the immediate advice about dangerous substances and preparations for general public and workers. While correct labelling gives the possibility to general public to recognise the risks arising from handling and use of dangerous chemicals, safety data sheets are provided for professionals in order to allow safe handling and storage of dangerous chemicals in work places. Information contained in safety data sheets are also designed to suggest safety measures to be taken for the protection of workers as well as precaution measures and adequate actions to be taken in the case of accident. This project has critically revised the information contained in a list of safety data sheets of active ingredients provided for plant protection products, in order to assess the quality and the consistency of the data contained. Reported data have been then compared to published data. Considerable deficiencies/mistakes/inconsistencies have been found in the data reported along the safety data sheets of the examined substances, showing an urgent need of improving the enforcement related to a systematic recognition in this field as well as training of people involved in compilation of safety data sheets by producer side.

Quality of life among Syrian patients with war-related lower limb amputation at the Military Hospital in Lattakia

Purpose:To describe the quality of life(QOL)of Syrian people with lower limb amputation after the war.Methods:A cross-sectional study conducted at the Military Hospital in Lattakia,from May to August 2019.A convenience sample of 65 adult males who had previously undergone amputation of a lower limb was included in this study.Participants'data were collected including age,marital status,employment,time since amputation,level of amputation,type of amputation and the use of assistive devices.The QOL was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version(WHO QOL-BREF).Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.Results:Forty(61.5%)of subjects were between age of 40-60.Below knee and unilateral lower-limb amputees formed the highest number 52(80.0%)and 51(78.5%)respectively.The mean scores of environment,physical health,psychological,and social relationships domains of QOL were 15.86,15.18,14.66,and 6.64,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in various domains of QOL between groups with different status of employment,financial support,amputated lower limb,duration since amputation,and cause of amputation(P<0.05).Conclusion:There is a need to pay attention to experiences and the quality of life among Syrian patients with war-related amputation.

Thermodynamic properties of San Carlos olivine at high temperature and high pressure

In this study, the thermal expansion and heat capacity of San Carlos olivine under high temperature and high pressure are reported. Combining accurate sound velocity data under different P–T conditions with density and heat capacity data at ambient pressure, the density,adiabatic bulk modulus, shear modulus, and most importantly, thermal expansion and heat capacity, of San Carlos are extracted to 14 GPa by a numerical procedure using classic thermodynamic relationships. These data are in agreement with published findings. To estimate the temperature gradient in the upper mantle, we also report the fitting equations of thermal expansion and heat capacity of San Carlos olivine as a function of both temperature and pressure to the P–T condition of the 410 km discontinuity,which provide the thermodynamic properties with increasing depth in the Earth's interior.

Evaluation of Education of Veterinarians in Animal Welfare Issues

Education of veterinarians in animal welfare issues is important to improve the welfare and health of animals. A questionnaire to 250 veterinarians related to their knowledge on animal welfare issues has been carried out at the Veterinary School of the University of the Republic, Uruguay, during March-April 2012. The questions were related to the courses on animal welfare veterinarians received, their main field of work, the importance given to the information offered and the quality of the topics addressed. From the total of veterinarians surveyed, 45% （112） answered the questionnaire. Of those who responded, 47% attended to three or more animal welfare courses, 18% assisted to two courses and 22% to one. The occupation of the 82% of respondents was with beef and dairy cattle （large animals） or in the meat industry equally. 10% works with small animals （especially pets） and poultry （production and industry）. The 95% of respondents considered that animal welfare is very important for their daily work with animals 65% reported that animal welfare concepts have high applicability in their job. 85% considered that animal welfare should be part of the veterinary curricula and 100% expressed their compliance to be present in other courses on the subject. These results emphasize the importance afforded by Uruguayan veterinarians to improve their knowledge on animal welfare and to continue including specific courses in the veterinary curricula.

Analysis on Constructing College Students＇ Employment Ability Influence Factor Model

It makes an empirical study of college students＇ employment ability and influence factor situation. Based on the questionnaire of 388 graduates of different subjects, through the explorative Ihctors and confirmatory factor analysis, it finds that the college students＇ employment ability influence factor model includes employment quality and employment expectation of 13 factors, and the model fitting is better. The employment ability influence factor model of college students is good for university education, enterprise recruitment strategy adjustment and students＇ self development.

Attitudes Toward Dysfunctional Audit Behavior： The Effect of Budget Emphasis, Leadership Behavior, and Effectiveness of Audit Review

Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, leadership behavior structure and consideration, and effectiveness of audit review were examined as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. The findings produced consistent evidence in support of the theoretical model. It is not an emphasis on meeting budgets that leads to undesirable behavior, but contextual variables, such as leadership behavior structure and effectiveness of audit review.

rherapeutic efficacy observation on acupuncture for persistent allergic rhinitis

Objective： To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for persistent allergic rhinitis （PAR）. Methods： A total of 154 PAR patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 78 cases in the treatment group received acupuncture at meridian points, while 76 cases in the control group received acupuncture at non-meridian points. The treatment was done every other day, 3 times a week for a total 4 weeks. The total nasal symptom score （TNSS）, the total non-nasal symptom score （TNNSS） and the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire （RO, LQ） were measured before the treatment and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment, as well as 1 month and 3 months after the treatment to compare the clinical effect between the two groups. Results： After 4 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was 92.3%, versus 76.3% in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference （P〈0.05）. Intra-group comparisons of TNSS, TNNSS and R0.L0. scores after 4 weeks of treatment showed statistically significant differences （all P〈0.05）. Between-group comparisons of TNSS, TNNSS and RQLQ score after 4 weeks of treatment and in follow-up visits showed statistically significant differences （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture is effective for PAR, and acupuncture at meridian points can produce a better effect than acupuncture at non-meridian points.

A terrestrial observatory approach to the integrated investigation of the effects of deforestation on water,energy,and matter fluxes

Integrated observation platforms have been set up to investigate consequences of global change within a terrestrial network of observatories （TERENO） in Germany. The aim of TERENO is to foster the understanding of water, energy, and matter fluxes in terrestrial systems, as well as their biological and physical drivers. Part of the Lower Rhine Valley-Eifel observatory of TERENO is located within the Eifel National Park. Recently, the National Park forest management started to promote the nat- ural regeneration of near-natural beech forest by removing a significant proportion of the spruce forest that was established for timber production after World War II. Within this context, the effects of such a disturbance on forest ecosystem functioning are currently investigated in a deforestation experiment in the Wtistebach catchment, which is one of the key experimental re- search sites within the Lower Rhine Valley-Eifel observatory. Here, we present the integrated observation system of the Wiistebach test site to exemplarily demonstrate the terrestrial observatory concept of TERENO that allows for a detailed mon- itoring of changes in hydrological and biogeochemical states and fluxes triggered by environmental disturbances. We present the observation platforms and the soil sampling campaign, as well as preliminary results including an analysis of data con- sistency. We specifically highlight the capability of integrated datasets to enable improved process understanding of the post-deforestation changes in ecosystem functioning.

Extending the nuclear chart by continuum:From oxygen to titanium

Nuclear masses ranging from O to Ti isotopes are systematically investigated with relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov(RCHB)theory,which can provide a proper treatment of pairing correlations in the presence of the continuum.From O to Ti isotopes,there are 402 nuclei predicted to be bound by the density functional PC-PK1.For the 234 nuclei with mass measured,the root mean square(rms)deviation is 2.23 MeV.It is found that the proton drip-lines predicted with various mass models are roughly the same and basically agree with the observation.The neutron drip-lines predicted,however,are quite diferent.Due to the continuum couplings,the neutron drip-line nuclei predicted are extended further neutron-rich than other mass models.By comparison with finite-range droplet model(FRDM),the neutron drip-line nucleus predicted by RCHB theory has respectively2(O),10(Ne),10(Na),6(Mg),8(Al),6(Si),8(P),6(S),14(K),10(Ca),10(Sc),and 12(Ti)more neutrons.

Long-term quality of life after sepsis and predictors of quality of life in survivors with sepsis

Purpose： To evaluate the quality of life among survivors after sepsis in 2 years, comparing with critical patients without sepsis and the general people, analyze the changes and the predictors of quality of life among septic survivors. Methods： This prospective case-control study screened the intensive care unit （ICU） patients in Tianjin Third Central Hospital from January 2014 to October 2017, and the Chinese general population in the previous studies was also included. According to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 306 patients with sepsis were enrolled as the observation group, and another 306 patients without sepsis in 1CU during the same period, whose ages, gender and Charlson Comorbidity Index matched with observation group, were enrolled as the control group. At 3 too, 12 mo, and 24 mo after discharge, the Mos 36-item Short Form Health Survey （SF-36）, the Euroqol-5 dimension （EQ-5D）, and the activities of daily living （ADL） were evaluated in face-to-face for the quality of life among survivors. Results： There were 210 （68.6%） septic patients and 236 （77.1%） non-septic critically ill patients surviving. At 3 months after discharge, the observation and control groups had the similar demographic characteristics （age： 58.8 ± 18.1years vs. 57.5 ±17.6 years, p = 0.542; male： 52.0% vs. 51.4%, p = 0.926）. However, the observation group had higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ （APACHEⅡ） scores, higher sequential organ failure assessment （SOFA） scores, longer hospital stay, and longer ICU stay than the control group did （p 〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences in the eight dimensions of the SF36 scale, the EQ-5D health utility scores, and the activities of daily life scores between septic survivors and non-septic survivors （p 〉 0.05）. In addition, compared with the quality of life of the Chinese general population （aged 55-64 years）, the quality of life of septic patients were significantly lower at 3 months after discharge （p 〈 0.05）. Comparing the quality of life of the ill patients who had been discharged at 3 mo and 24 mo, the general health improved statistically （p = 0.000） and clinically （score improvement 〉 5 points）. Older age （OR, 1.050; 95% CI, 1.022-1.078, p = 0.000）, female （OR, 3.375; 95% CI, 1.434 -7.941, p = 0.005） and longer mechanical ventilation time （OR, 3.412; 95% CI, 1.413, 8.244, p = 0.006） were the risk factors for the quality of life of septic survivors. Conclusion： The long-term quality of life of septic survivors was similar to that of non-sepsis critically ill survivors. After discharge, the general health of sepsis improved overtime. Age, female and mechanical ventilation time （〉5 days） were the predictors of the quality of life after sepsis.

Development of a disease-specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for patients with post-stroke spasticity

OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to develop a disease-specific health-related quality of life （HR-QOL） measure for patients with post-stroke spasticity. METHODS; Based on responses from 20 patients with post-stroke spasticity and an extensive literature search, items potentially used to measure these patients＇ recovery status were identified and the Apoplexy Spastic-Paralysis Questionnaire （ASPQ） was formed. A sample of 106 patients was then tested twice using the ASPQ, the Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） and the Stroke-specific Quality of Life （SS-QOL）. Clinicians also examined all the patients using the Ashworth Scale （AS）. Inter- nal reliability was assessed using Cronbach＇s coeffi- cient a, while construct validity was determined us- ing principal component analysis （PCA）. Empirical validity was evaluated between patients with de- pression and those without depression by single factor analysis. Sensitivity was examined by calcu- lating the Spearman correlation coefficient be- tween the changes in scores of the ASPQ, the AS and the SS-QOL. RESULTS： The ASPQ had adequate internal consis- tency reliability （a=0.874） and sensitivity, with sig- nificant correlations between the changes in scores of the AS, the SS-QOL and the ASPQ, with three do- mains. In a construct validity test, six factors were extracted; the overall variance explained by all fac- tors was 72.6%. For empirical validity, mean values of 19 items and 3 domains were all higher in the de- pressive patients than in the non-depressive pa- tients. CONCLUSION： The ASPQ is a reliable and valid self-rating scale for measuring the HR-QOL in pa- tients with post-stroke spasticity.

Coccygectomy for stubborn coccydynia

Objective： To evaluate the preliminary clinical outcomes of coccygectomy in patients with coccydynia after a failure of conservative treatment.Methods： From May 2002 to January 2010, 31 patients with coccydynia were treated by coccygectomy in our department after conservative measures had failed to produce significant relief. A questionnaire, which included the extent of relief in the painful area, improvement in quality of life, intensity of pain in the sitting position, and pain score during daily activities, was used to evaluate the results.Results： All patients were followed up for 1 to 6 years （mean 3.3 years）. The results were excellent in 20 patients （64.5%）, good in 7 patients （22.6%）, moderate in 3 patients （9.7%） and poor in 1 patient （3.2%）. The excellent and good rates amounted to 87.1%. All patients except one had complete resolution of their symptoms and were subjectively highly satisfied with the outcomes of the surgery. Only 2cases of superficial infection were observed postoperatively.Conclusion： Coccygectomy is a feasible management option for patients with coccygodynia that has no response to conservative treatments.