“新海外华语文学”通过跨文化背景的多元叙事,突破传统移民叙述,涵纳全球视角与在地参与,展现了华语文学在全球化语境下的创新性和世界性。新移民作家王梆的社科纪实类作品《贫穷的质感》通过书写真实的自我生活体验,揭示了英国社会真...“新海外华语文学”通过跨文化背景的多元叙事,突破传统移民叙述,涵纳全球视角与在地参与,展现了华语文学在全球化语境下的创新性和世界性。新移民作家王梆的社科纪实类作品《贫穷的质感》通过书写真实的自我生活体验,揭示了英国社会真实的“贫穷相”,并以异国人的身份对英国社会存在的经济、政治、观念等各方面问题进行了分析,并以在地者身份实际参与了社会建设。冷静而带有温度的创作,使以英国为代表的西方文化符码被彻底“祛魅”,文中的非虚构写作也成为新时代中国看世界的“新图谱”。该创作在陌生化写作中给我们带来震惊感与探索新视域的同时,展现出了“新海外华文文学”写作的叙事景观,它不在着力于身份焦虑、文化冲突等传统华文文学母题,而是消解国界、打破二元对立和以西方为中心的书写模式,以世界性的视角,表现出了更广阔的精神资源和的海外华文文学叙事形态。“New Overseas Chinese Literature” transcends traditional immigrant narratives through diverse storytelling rooted in cross-cultural backgrounds, embracing both a global perspective and local engagement to demonstrate the innovativeness and universality of Chinese literature within the context of globalization. The sociological documentary work “The Texture of Hard Times” by new immigrant writer Wang Bang articulates the stark realities of poverty in British society through personal lived experiences. Writing from the standpoint of a foreigner, she analyzes various aspects of British societal issues, including the economy, politics, and prevailing attitudes. By actively participating in societal construction as a local, her composed yet empathetic style demystifies the Western cultural symbols represented by the UK, offering a new “map” for contemporary China to view the world. Her nonfiction writing shocks and opens up new horizons, depicting the narrative landscape of “New Overseas Chinese Literature.” The work moves beyond focusing on traditional themes like identity anxiety and cultural conflict, dissolving borders, countering binary oppositions, and decentering Western perspectives. Instead, it adopts a global view to unveil broader spiritual resources and narrative forms of overseas Chinese literature.展开更多
Rural poverty and poverty reduction are not only the focal issues that have attracted worldwide attention, but also the vital issues on people's livelihood that has attached great importance and aimed to be solved...Rural poverty and poverty reduction are not only the focal issues that have attracted worldwide attention, but also the vital issues on people's livelihood that has attached great importance and aimed to be solved by the central and local governments of China. Based on the survey data of 354 farming households, this paper, taking the national poverty county of Lingao County, Hainan Province for an example, examined the characteristics of rural poverty of the county. Moreover, this paper established the spatial lag model(SLM) from five dimensions, namely, status of the household head, household structure, health status, income composition and traffic accessibility, to analyze the main influencing factors of rural poverty according to the values of Moran's I and the diagnosis of spatial dependence of the OLS model. It is found that the poor farming households gathered mainly in five towns in the north and southwest of the county, and the rural poverty have the characteristics of low educational level of the heads, more minor children, high population of farming peasants, high incidence of disease and low proportion of household wage-equivalent income. The results also showed that the variables such as the number of minor children, the number of migrant worker, the number of farming peasants and the proportion of wage-equivalent income have significant effectiveness on rural poverty, while the status of the household head, health status and traffic accessibility have little influence. It is an important way to realize the goal of poverty alleviation by controlling the number of farmers' fertility, strengthening the vocational skills training of farmers, vigorously developing specialization and large-scale agriculture and increasing the employment opportunities of farmers.展开更多
The important role of spatial scale in exploring the geography of poverty as well as its policy implications has been noticed but with limited knowledge. To improve such limited understanding, we mainly investigated t...The important role of spatial scale in exploring the geography of poverty as well as its policy implications has been noticed but with limited knowledge. To improve such limited understanding, we mainly investigated the spatial patterns and influencing factors of rural poverty(indicated by poor population and poverty incidence) at three different administrative levels in the Liupan Mountain Region, one of the fourteen poorest regions in China. Our results show that from a global perspective, poor areas are clustered significantly at the county-, township-, and village-level, and more greatly at a lower level. Locally, there is spatial mismatch among poverty hotspots detected not only by the same indicator at different levels but also by different indicators at the same level. A scale effect can be found in the influencing factors of rural poverty. That is, the number of significant factors increases, but the degree of their association with poverty incidence decreases at a lower level. Such scale effect indicates that poverty incidence at lower levels may be affected by more complex factors, including not only the new local ones but also the already appeared non-local ones at higher levels. However, the natural conditions tend to play a scale-independent role to poverty incidence. In response to such scale-dependent patterns and factors, anti-poverty policies can be 1) a multilevel monitoring system to reduce incomplete or even misleading single-level information and understanding; 2) the village-based targeting strategy to increase the targeting efficiency and alleviate the mentioned spatial mismatch; 3) more flexible strategies responding to the local impoverishing factors, and 4) different task emphasises for multilevel policymakers to achieve the common goal of poverty reduction.展开更多
This paper assesses the contribution of ecotourism to local communities and the environment.Livelihoods of local communities are examined to understand the socioeconomic situation of people living in proximity to ecot...This paper assesses the contribution of ecotourism to local communities and the environment.Livelihoods of local communities are examined to understand the socioeconomic situation of people living in proximity to ecotourism areas and their participation in ecotourism activities. The impact of ecotourism on the environment in Nyanga is also examined. The paper employs both literature review(secondary data) and a field survey(primary data) to achieve these objectives. To gather socioeconomic data of households and tourist traits, questionnaires were administered to120 households and 30 tourists in the study area. Key informant interviews were held in the survey to gather expert knowledge about ecotourism trends and environmental data in the area.Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used for quantitative data while content and structural-functional analyses were used for qualitative data. The research revealed that ecotourism offers the highest salaries when compared to other sources of formal employment. Ecotourism activities were shown to positively impact the environment through the protection, preservation, and management of natural resources. The study concludes that ecotourism is a useful and sustainable poverty alleviation strategy which has not yet been fully exploited in Zimbabwe.展开更多
The Igbo have their homeland in seven states of Nigeria mainly Imo, Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Delta and Rivers. They are receptible to new ideas and adapt easily to change. The ramifications of human insecurity, poverty,...The Igbo have their homeland in seven states of Nigeria mainly Imo, Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Delta and Rivers. They are receptible to new ideas and adapt easily to change. The ramifications of human insecurity, poverty, social disorder, poor coherence and poor integration appear to haunt them and the gravity is felt more in the rural communities. The factors are traceable to many pathetic issues. The pathological consequences do affect Igbo stability and navigation in the Nigerian socio-economic environment. The causality constitutes the physical, human, natural, financial and social assets. It is recommended, among others, that the people should return to core values and norms, stick to their own noble identities, have a framework for tackling insecurity and hunger, target the youth in poverty reduction measures and tackle the herdsmen menace. Equally, the abused philosophies used to support dangerous and strange behavior should be tackled.展开更多
China has entered a new era, in order to achieve economic growth and social transformation at the same time, China has established a coverage of urban and rural minimum living security system, but the problem of pover...China has entered a new era, in order to achieve economic growth and social transformation at the same time, China has established a coverage of urban and rural minimum living security system, but the problem of poverty has not been alleviated, it is not balanced, can not be fully reflected the development of restricting people for a better life, but also put forward high requirements for the work of the party and the government＇s poor governance. This paper introduces the development-oriented social policy, and in this paper, puts forward the countermeasures of getting rid of poverty and strengthening oneself from the perspective of development-oriented social policy.展开更多
This paper intends to perform an analysis of the academic production of the National University of Cordoba from the late 19th century to the middle of the 20th century that deals with the problem of the illegitimate, ...This paper intends to perform an analysis of the academic production of the National University of Cordoba from the late 19th century to the middle of the 20th century that deals with the problem of the illegitimate, abandoned, delinquent childhood, from a critical approach of the racism theory. One of the displacements this category underwent during the passed century is that it went beyond the field of race and it included women and young people. This aspect involves the discrimination of poor children that have been confined to the place of the ＂other＂. Racist characters can be traced in the discursive political practices that have created the category of childhood, being plausible to successfully perform this task by considering as the object of analysis of the theses and dissertations that discuss this subject matter in Cdrdoba. The paper will try to reconstruct the voices that, due to the sense of social belonging of the actors, refer to a certain class ideology. This provides a study of the constitution of the Argentine ruling elite, when the problem of social control, or the ＂social matter＂, was placed in the middle of all speculations. Analyzing both the characteristics of the discursive racism of the Argentine elite and the complex process of inferiorization of childhood that the discursive racism entails will allow to establish categories for an analysis of modern racism. In this way, elements to counteract the practices of domination will be presented. In order to do this, it is necessary to historicize them, reconstructing the discourses that support them and allow their continuity, since they persist in their functionality.展开更多
文摘“新海外华语文学”通过跨文化背景的多元叙事,突破传统移民叙述,涵纳全球视角与在地参与,展现了华语文学在全球化语境下的创新性和世界性。新移民作家王梆的社科纪实类作品《贫穷的质感》通过书写真实的自我生活体验,揭示了英国社会真实的“贫穷相”,并以异国人的身份对英国社会存在的经济、政治、观念等各方面问题进行了分析,并以在地者身份实际参与了社会建设。冷静而带有温度的创作,使以英国为代表的西方文化符码被彻底“祛魅”,文中的非虚构写作也成为新时代中国看世界的“新图谱”。该创作在陌生化写作中给我们带来震惊感与探索新视域的同时,展现出了“新海外华文文学”写作的叙事景观,它不在着力于身份焦虑、文化冲突等传统华文文学母题,而是消解国界、打破二元对立和以西方为中心的书写模式,以世界性的视角,表现出了更广阔的精神资源和的海外华文文学叙事形态。“New Overseas Chinese Literature” transcends traditional immigrant narratives through diverse storytelling rooted in cross-cultural backgrounds, embracing both a global perspective and local engagement to demonstrate the innovativeness and universality of Chinese literature within the context of globalization. The sociological documentary work “The Texture of Hard Times” by new immigrant writer Wang Bang articulates the stark realities of poverty in British society through personal lived experiences. Writing from the standpoint of a foreigner, she analyzes various aspects of British societal issues, including the economy, politics, and prevailing attitudes. By actively participating in societal construction as a local, her composed yet empathetic style demystifies the Western cultural symbols represented by the UK, offering a new “map” for contemporary China to view the world. Her nonfiction writing shocks and opens up new horizons, depicting the narrative landscape of “New Overseas Chinese Literature.” The work moves beyond focusing on traditional themes like identity anxiety and cultural conflict, dissolving borders, countering binary oppositions, and decentering Western perspectives. Instead, it adopts a global view to unveil broader spiritual resources and narrative forms of overseas Chinese literature.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41661028)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan(No.417099)Science and Technology Plan Project of Colleges and Universities of Shandong(No.J14LH04)
文摘Rural poverty and poverty reduction are not only the focal issues that have attracted worldwide attention, but also the vital issues on people's livelihood that has attached great importance and aimed to be solved by the central and local governments of China. Based on the survey data of 354 farming households, this paper, taking the national poverty county of Lingao County, Hainan Province for an example, examined the characteristics of rural poverty of the county. Moreover, this paper established the spatial lag model(SLM) from five dimensions, namely, status of the household head, household structure, health status, income composition and traffic accessibility, to analyze the main influencing factors of rural poverty according to the values of Moran's I and the diagnosis of spatial dependence of the OLS model. It is found that the poor farming households gathered mainly in five towns in the north and southwest of the county, and the rural poverty have the characteristics of low educational level of the heads, more minor children, high population of farming peasants, high incidence of disease and low proportion of household wage-equivalent income. The results also showed that the variables such as the number of minor children, the number of migrant worker, the number of farming peasants and the proportion of wage-equivalent income have significant effectiveness on rural poverty, while the status of the household head, health status and traffic accessibility have little influence. It is an important way to realize the goal of poverty alleviation by controlling the number of farmers' fertility, strengthening the vocational skills training of farmers, vigorously developing specialization and large-scale agriculture and increasing the employment opportunities of farmers.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401204,41471462)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2013-128)
文摘The important role of spatial scale in exploring the geography of poverty as well as its policy implications has been noticed but with limited knowledge. To improve such limited understanding, we mainly investigated the spatial patterns and influencing factors of rural poverty(indicated by poor population and poverty incidence) at three different administrative levels in the Liupan Mountain Region, one of the fourteen poorest regions in China. Our results show that from a global perspective, poor areas are clustered significantly at the county-, township-, and village-level, and more greatly at a lower level. Locally, there is spatial mismatch among poverty hotspots detected not only by the same indicator at different levels but also by different indicators at the same level. A scale effect can be found in the influencing factors of rural poverty. That is, the number of significant factors increases, but the degree of their association with poverty incidence decreases at a lower level. Such scale effect indicates that poverty incidence at lower levels may be affected by more complex factors, including not only the new local ones but also the already appeared non-local ones at higher levels. However, the natural conditions tend to play a scale-independent role to poverty incidence. In response to such scale-dependent patterns and factors, anti-poverty policies can be 1) a multilevel monitoring system to reduce incomplete or even misleading single-level information and understanding; 2) the village-based targeting strategy to increase the targeting efficiency and alleviate the mentioned spatial mismatch; 3) more flexible strategies responding to the local impoverishing factors, and 4) different task emphasises for multilevel policymakers to achieve the common goal of poverty reduction.
文摘This paper assesses the contribution of ecotourism to local communities and the environment.Livelihoods of local communities are examined to understand the socioeconomic situation of people living in proximity to ecotourism areas and their participation in ecotourism activities. The impact of ecotourism on the environment in Nyanga is also examined. The paper employs both literature review(secondary data) and a field survey(primary data) to achieve these objectives. To gather socioeconomic data of households and tourist traits, questionnaires were administered to120 households and 30 tourists in the study area. Key informant interviews were held in the survey to gather expert knowledge about ecotourism trends and environmental data in the area.Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used for quantitative data while content and structural-functional analyses were used for qualitative data. The research revealed that ecotourism offers the highest salaries when compared to other sources of formal employment. Ecotourism activities were shown to positively impact the environment through the protection, preservation, and management of natural resources. The study concludes that ecotourism is a useful and sustainable poverty alleviation strategy which has not yet been fully exploited in Zimbabwe.
文摘The Igbo have their homeland in seven states of Nigeria mainly Imo, Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Delta and Rivers. They are receptible to new ideas and adapt easily to change. The ramifications of human insecurity, poverty, social disorder, poor coherence and poor integration appear to haunt them and the gravity is felt more in the rural communities. The factors are traceable to many pathetic issues. The pathological consequences do affect Igbo stability and navigation in the Nigerian socio-economic environment. The causality constitutes the physical, human, natural, financial and social assets. It is recommended, among others, that the people should return to core values and norms, stick to their own noble identities, have a framework for tackling insecurity and hunger, target the youth in poverty reduction measures and tackle the herdsmen menace. Equally, the abused philosophies used to support dangerous and strange behavior should be tackled.
文摘China has entered a new era, in order to achieve economic growth and social transformation at the same time, China has established a coverage of urban and rural minimum living security system, but the problem of poverty has not been alleviated, it is not balanced, can not be fully reflected the development of restricting people for a better life, but also put forward high requirements for the work of the party and the government＇s poor governance. This paper introduces the development-oriented social policy, and in this paper, puts forward the countermeasures of getting rid of poverty and strengthening oneself from the perspective of development-oriented social policy.
文摘This paper intends to perform an analysis of the academic production of the National University of Cordoba from the late 19th century to the middle of the 20th century that deals with the problem of the illegitimate, abandoned, delinquent childhood, from a critical approach of the racism theory. One of the displacements this category underwent during the passed century is that it went beyond the field of race and it included women and young people. This aspect involves the discrimination of poor children that have been confined to the place of the ＂other＂. Racist characters can be traced in the discursive political practices that have created the category of childhood, being plausible to successfully perform this task by considering as the object of analysis of the theses and dissertations that discuss this subject matter in Cdrdoba. The paper will try to reconstruct the voices that, due to the sense of social belonging of the actors, refer to a certain class ideology. This provides a study of the constitution of the Argentine ruling elite, when the problem of social control, or the ＂social matter＂, was placed in the middle of all speculations. Analyzing both the characteristics of the discursive racism of the Argentine elite and the complex process of inferiorization of childhood that the discursive racism entails will allow to establish categories for an analysis of modern racism. In this way, elements to counteract the practices of domination will be presented. In order to do this, it is necessary to historicize them, reconstructing the discourses that support them and allow their continuity, since they persist in their functionality.
