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从生态视阈解读《赛比利亚》中的战争书写
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作者 张洁颖 《当代外国文学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第2期151-157,共7页
科威特代表作家伊斯玛仪·法赫德·伊斯玛仪在小说《赛比利亚》中讲述了一位老妇人在两伊战争时期返回家乡赛比利亚的故事,展现出超越民族主义的生态视域,丰富了阿拉伯文学的生态书写。本文将结合社会历史背景,挖掘小说生态危... 科威特代表作家伊斯玛仪·法赫德·伊斯玛仪在小说《赛比利亚》中讲述了一位老妇人在两伊战争时期返回家乡赛比利亚的故事,展现出超越民族主义的生态视域,丰富了阿拉伯文学的生态书写。本文将结合社会历史背景,挖掘小说生态危机意识的根源,分析被摧毁的家园如何在人的积极介入与自然复魅的协同作用下得到修复。小说的战争书写从施暴者与受害者的对立关系,拓宽至探究战争本质与生态系统的关系,重新审视人在生态系统中的定位,呼应了人与自然和谐统一的生态整体观。 展开更多
关键词 科威特文学 伊斯玛仪·法赫德·伊斯玛仪 《赛比利亚》 生态文学 战争书写
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The Ref Must Be Blind! Identifying Pre- and Post-game Stresses of Australian Sports Referees and Match Officials
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作者 Christopher Francis Baldwin 《Sociology Study》 2013年第1期13-22,共10页
This study is looking specifically at the pre- and post-game stresses placed on referees and match officials. The initial research has indicated that although people are aware that referees suffer from stress during m... This study is looking specifically at the pre- and post-game stresses placed on referees and match officials. The initial research has indicated that although people are aware that referees suffer from stress during matches, many of the causes of these stresses can have an ongoing affect leading into pre- and post-game stresses. Identified causes of pre- and post-game stress have included players/coaches, spectators, other referees, commentators, previous results, weather, reputation of the team{s), and the crowd. Preliminary results of the study have shown that referees suffering from stress are more inclined to "drop out" of refereeing as well as make mistakes when they are refereeing, including misinterpreting rules, missing incidents in matches which well as the cost/investment could result in players injuries. There is also the concern of the lack of numbers of new referees as in referees who drop out because of the stress and abuse. 展开更多
关键词 Sports referees stress volunteer retention
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