In this work, 23 black soil profiles were surveyed and 113 soil samples were collected to determine the field capacity (FC) of the black soil in Northeast China. The effectiveness of three methods measuring FC, the Wi...In this work, 23 black soil profiles were surveyed and 113 soil samples were collected to determine the field capacity (FC) of the black soil in Northeast China. The effectiveness of three methods measuring FC, the Wilcox method (WM), the undisturbed soil pressure plate method (PUM) and the air-dried sieved soil pressure plate method (PDM) were compared to select a suitable laboratory measurement method. Results show that the FC values measured by PDM are greater than those measured by PUM, and the values measured by PUM are greater than those measured by WM. PUM is more suitable for the determination of FC in the study area. One regression equation between PUM and PDM has been established through which undisturbed soil can be replaced by air-dried sieved soil, which is easier to get, to measure FC. FCs vary from 23.50% to 37.00%, with an average of 31.65%, which differ greatly among the 23 black soil profiles. FC is found to be significantly positively correlated with the silt content, clay content and bulk density of the soil, but significantly negatively correlated with the sand content. An empirical pedotransfer function is established to estimate the FC using available soil physical and chemical properties.展开更多
Purpose： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in some hormonal parameters （cortisol, testosterone, ratio of testosterone/cortisol （T/C）） in professional soccer players during a season. Methods： ...Purpose： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in some hormonal parameters （cortisol, testosterone, ratio of testosterone/cortisol （T/C）） in professional soccer players during a season. Methods： Fifteen professional players from a soccer club of the first division of the Greek soccer league participated. All sport medical examinations were conducted four times： before the re-building period, post re-building period, mid-season, and after finishing the competition phase. Results： For testosterone, significant differences were observed between the end season and post re-building period （11.6%; p 〈 0.05） and mid-season （ 12.1%; p 〈 0.05）. The cortisol concentration increased at mid-season by approximately 23%, and this change differed significantly from all other measurements for this hormone. The T/C ratio increased at the post re-building period and decreased at the middle of the season. Conclusion： These hormones and their ratios could be used as stress and recovery state indicators. Coaches can use these parameters in combination with other indicators to optimize workloads, and to avoid overreaching and overtraining.展开更多
As in many other industries, strong brands play an important role in football industry inducing sales for the clubs that own it. Brands financial values are not quantified in balance sheets, so quantifying them provid...As in many other industries, strong brands play an important role in football industry inducing sales for the clubs that own it. Brands financial values are not quantified in balance sheets, so quantifying them provides important financial data. This is the research topic. The research questions are： （i） How is the importance of the brand in the revenues of football clubs and （ii） what is the financial value of the brands Futebol Clube do Porto （FCP）, Sport Lisboa e Benfica （SLB）, and e Sporting Clube de Portugal （SCP）？ This investigation was based on an adaptation of the inter brand equity model. This model considers equity as the economic value generated as net profit of the company, which can be apportioned to the brand. The data was collected from the financial maps of these three clubs between 2005/2006 and 2009/2010 seasons. In order to adapt the model to the football industry, a panel of five experts of professional football club managers was questioned. These experts claim that in football industry, brand management contributes with 16% of the economic value, sport management with 63%, financial management with 16%, and other factors with 5%. The conclusion is that FCP has the most valuable brand, with about 54.5 m , followed by SLB with about 51.6 m , and finally by SCP with about 39.5 m.展开更多
Football is a sports branch comprising a ＂human＂ factor with different aspects, such as intelligence, intuition, will, character, struggle, spectators, and balance. With the created global economic market, football ...Football is a sports branch comprising a ＂human＂ factor with different aspects, such as intelligence, intuition, will, character, struggle, spectators, and balance. With the created global economic market, football is an indispensable part of our lives. It entices the masses, plays an effective role in the socio-economic destinies of societies, and directs the mass psychology of societies negatively and/or positively. The success that football clubs in Turkey attained recently in Europe and the third standing that our national football team gained in 2002 have accentuated the relationship between the printed football media and football. Today, Turkish sports journalism sometimes tends to exploit the emotions and encourages the discourses inciting violence and biases to get more readers （to increase the circulation rate） and guarantee the continuation of the attention. Many words expressing militarism are used in the headlines of sports news. In these articles, the footballers are depicted as alert soldiers and the teams as troops conditioned to victory. In the frame of both national matches and the European Cups, the militaristic elements are used through nationalistic discourses in the sports news of the printed media. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the presentation and quantity of the militaristic elements used in the news on football in newspapers. The news in the Milliyet, as a mainstream newspaper, issued in two periods, namely after the 2002 World Cup （November 1-December 31, 2002） and today （February l-March 30, 2008） will be studied through the discourse analysis method with respect to the headlines and contents. Therefore, the comments and the ideas of columnists will be excluded from the scope of this study.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency （ICE） on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold： （1） to provide measures of ICE ...This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency （ICE） on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold： （1） to provide measures of ICE specifically tailored to professional football businesses; and （2） to empirically investigate whether some dimensions of ICE, namely, human capital and relational capital efficiency, are positively associated with sporting performance, here used as a proxy for business performance. This paper develops a quantitative analysis of club-level panel data using the statistical technique known as mixed-effects linear regression for longitudinal analysis. The research spans a time period of five years and specifically the sporting seasons from 2007/2008 up to 2011/2012. The empirical findings of this study provide tentative evidence that ICE, especially as far as relational capital is concerned, is positively associated with on-pitch performance of professional football businesses. On the counterpart, results for the impact of human capital efficiency （HCE） do not consistently come out with the （positive） expected signs. More specifically, our findings suggest that relational capital efficiency, meaning the ability to develop and nurture positive business relationship with relevant external stakeholders, is a significant consideration for football club managers; on the other, they might shed light on the actual business model of professional football clubs that, in our analysis, does not appear consistent with the long-held hypothesis of winning maximization. The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that our indicators do not fully capture all relevant dimensions of the intellectual capital （IC） construct.展开更多
AS the founder and chairman of Alibaba Group,every one of Ma Yun’s business decisions attracts attention.From spending RMB 1.2 billion on stakes in the Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club to wholly acquiring UCWeb,and...AS the founder and chairman of Alibaba Group,every one of Ma Yun’s business decisions attracts attention.From spending RMB 1.2 billion on stakes in the Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club to wholly acquiring UCWeb,and to making the Initial Public Offering(IPO)in the U.S.,Ma Yun continues to make headlines with many fingers in many pies。展开更多
It’s easy in China,especially Beijing,to go through the motions each day and become just one of 1.3 billion experiencing ordinary daily routines.In a country going through one of the biggest industrial revolutions kn...It’s easy in China,especially Beijing,to go through the motions each day and become just one of 1.3 billion experiencing ordinary daily routines.In a country going through one of the biggest industrial revolutions known to man,things happen so quickly that the ones who just watch it go by get lost along the wayside.One thing I have learnt during my four-and-ahalf years in China is to get involved,no matter what it is---a conversation at the local shop, a game of Frisbee in the park, a football club, a roadside game of Chinese chess, an invitation from some locals for dinner, a hike through the mountains on the edge of the city--any activi- ties like these will break up those predictable daily routines and allow you to participate, and feel good about it.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40671111)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2007CB407203)
文摘In this work, 23 black soil profiles were surveyed and 113 soil samples were collected to determine the field capacity (FC) of the black soil in Northeast China. The effectiveness of three methods measuring FC, the Wilcox method (WM), the undisturbed soil pressure plate method (PUM) and the air-dried sieved soil pressure plate method (PDM) were compared to select a suitable laboratory measurement method. Results show that the FC values measured by PDM are greater than those measured by PUM, and the values measured by PUM are greater than those measured by WM. PUM is more suitable for the determination of FC in the study area. One regression equation between PUM and PDM has been established through which undisturbed soil can be replaced by air-dried sieved soil, which is easier to get, to measure FC. FCs vary from 23.50% to 37.00%, with an average of 31.65%, which differ greatly among the 23 black soil profiles. FC is found to be significantly positively correlated with the silt content, clay content and bulk density of the soil, but significantly negatively correlated with the sand content. An empirical pedotransfer function is established to estimate the FC using available soil physical and chemical properties.
文摘Purpose： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in some hormonal parameters （cortisol, testosterone, ratio of testosterone/cortisol （T/C）） in professional soccer players during a season. Methods： Fifteen professional players from a soccer club of the first division of the Greek soccer league participated. All sport medical examinations were conducted four times： before the re-building period, post re-building period, mid-season, and after finishing the competition phase. Results： For testosterone, significant differences were observed between the end season and post re-building period （11.6%; p 〈 0.05） and mid-season （ 12.1%; p 〈 0.05）. The cortisol concentration increased at mid-season by approximately 23%, and this change differed significantly from all other measurements for this hormone. The T/C ratio increased at the post re-building period and decreased at the middle of the season. Conclusion： These hormones and their ratios could be used as stress and recovery state indicators. Coaches can use these parameters in combination with other indicators to optimize workloads, and to avoid overreaching and overtraining.
文摘As in many other industries, strong brands play an important role in football industry inducing sales for the clubs that own it. Brands financial values are not quantified in balance sheets, so quantifying them provides important financial data. This is the research topic. The research questions are： （i） How is the importance of the brand in the revenues of football clubs and （ii） what is the financial value of the brands Futebol Clube do Porto （FCP）, Sport Lisboa e Benfica （SLB）, and e Sporting Clube de Portugal （SCP）？ This investigation was based on an adaptation of the inter brand equity model. This model considers equity as the economic value generated as net profit of the company, which can be apportioned to the brand. The data was collected from the financial maps of these three clubs between 2005/2006 and 2009/2010 seasons. In order to adapt the model to the football industry, a panel of five experts of professional football club managers was questioned. These experts claim that in football industry, brand management contributes with 16% of the economic value, sport management with 63%, financial management with 16%, and other factors with 5%. The conclusion is that FCP has the most valuable brand, with about 54.5 m , followed by SLB with about 51.6 m , and finally by SCP with about 39.5 m.
文摘Football is a sports branch comprising a ＂human＂ factor with different aspects, such as intelligence, intuition, will, character, struggle, spectators, and balance. With the created global economic market, football is an indispensable part of our lives. It entices the masses, plays an effective role in the socio-economic destinies of societies, and directs the mass psychology of societies negatively and/or positively. The success that football clubs in Turkey attained recently in Europe and the third standing that our national football team gained in 2002 have accentuated the relationship between the printed football media and football. Today, Turkish sports journalism sometimes tends to exploit the emotions and encourages the discourses inciting violence and biases to get more readers （to increase the circulation rate） and guarantee the continuation of the attention. Many words expressing militarism are used in the headlines of sports news. In these articles, the footballers are depicted as alert soldiers and the teams as troops conditioned to victory. In the frame of both national matches and the European Cups, the militaristic elements are used through nationalistic discourses in the sports news of the printed media. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the presentation and quantity of the militaristic elements used in the news on football in newspapers. The news in the Milliyet, as a mainstream newspaper, issued in two periods, namely after the 2002 World Cup （November 1-December 31, 2002） and today （February l-March 30, 2008） will be studied through the discourse analysis method with respect to the headlines and contents. Therefore, the comments and the ideas of columnists will be excluded from the scope of this study.
文摘This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency （ICE） on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold： （1） to provide measures of ICE specifically tailored to professional football businesses; and （2） to empirically investigate whether some dimensions of ICE, namely, human capital and relational capital efficiency, are positively associated with sporting performance, here used as a proxy for business performance. This paper develops a quantitative analysis of club-level panel data using the statistical technique known as mixed-effects linear regression for longitudinal analysis. The research spans a time period of five years and specifically the sporting seasons from 2007/2008 up to 2011/2012. The empirical findings of this study provide tentative evidence that ICE, especially as far as relational capital is concerned, is positively associated with on-pitch performance of professional football businesses. On the counterpart, results for the impact of human capital efficiency （HCE） do not consistently come out with the （positive） expected signs. More specifically, our findings suggest that relational capital efficiency, meaning the ability to develop and nurture positive business relationship with relevant external stakeholders, is a significant consideration for football club managers; on the other, they might shed light on the actual business model of professional football clubs that, in our analysis, does not appear consistent with the long-held hypothesis of winning maximization. The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that our indicators do not fully capture all relevant dimensions of the intellectual capital （IC） construct.
文摘AS the founder and chairman of Alibaba Group,every one of Ma Yun’s business decisions attracts attention.From spending RMB 1.2 billion on stakes in the Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club to wholly acquiring UCWeb,and to making the Initial Public Offering(IPO)in the U.S.,Ma Yun continues to make headlines with many fingers in many pies。
文摘It’s easy in China,especially Beijing,to go through the motions each day and become just one of 1.3 billion experiencing ordinary daily routines.In a country going through one of the biggest industrial revolutions known to man,things happen so quickly that the ones who just watch it go by get lost along the wayside.One thing I have learnt during my four-and-ahalf years in China is to get involved,no matter what it is---a conversation at the local shop, a game of Frisbee in the park, a football club, a roadside game of Chinese chess, an invitation from some locals for dinner, a hike through the mountains on the edge of the city--any activi- ties like these will break up those predictable daily routines and allow you to participate, and feel good about it.
