小说《鉴定》中的暴力与身份认同危机

美国当代女作家乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨,其小说多通过表现暴力与身份认同危机来揭露美国普通人生活中面对的种种困难。其新作《鉴定》以作者亲身经历,从暴力和身份认同危机角度,揭示美国普通人的悲惨现实生活。

Evaluation of a Novel 32 X-STR Loci Multiplex System in the Forensic Application

The AGCU X Plus STR system is a newly developed multiplex PCR kit that detects 32 X-chromosomal STR loci simultaneously.These are DXS6807,DXS9895,linkage group 1(DXS10148,DXS10135,DXS8378),DXS9902,DXS6795,DXS6810,DXS10159,DXS10162,DXS10164,DXS7132,linkage group 2(DXS10079,DXS10074,DXS10075),DXS981,DXS6800,DXS6803,DXS6809,DXS6789,DXS7424,DXS101,DXS7133,GATA172D05,GATA165B12,linkage group 3(DXS10103,HPRTB,DXS10101),GATA31E08 and linkage group 4(DXS8377,DXS10134,DXS7423).A major advantage of this kit is that it takes into account linkage between loci,in addition to detecting more X-STR loci.In order to evaluate the forensic application of 32 X-STR fl uorescence amplifi cation system,PCR settings,sensitivity,species specifi city,stability,DNA mixtures,concordance,stutter,sizing precision,and population genetics investigation were evaluated according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods(SWGDAM)developmental validation guidelines.The study showed that the genotyping results of each locus were signifi cantly accurate when the DNA template was at least 62.5 pg.Complete profi les were obtained for the 1∶1 and 1∶3 combinations.A total of 209 unrelated individuals from Southern Chinese Han community,consisting of 84 females and 125 males,were selected for population studies,and 285 allele profi les were detected from 32 X-STR loci.The polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.2721 in DXS6800,to 0.9105 in DXS10135,with an average of 0.6798.DXS10135(PIC=0.9105)was the most polymorphic locus,with discrimination power(DP)of 0.9164 and 0.9871 for the male and female.The cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) valu es were all greater than 0.999999999.There were 78 different DXS10103-HPRTB-DXS10101 haplotypes among the 125 males,and the haplotype diversity was 0.9810.There was no signifi cant difference in the cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) values whether considering linkage or not.In summary,the new X-STR multiplex typing system is effective and reliable,which can be useful in human genetic analysis and kinship testing as a potent complement to autosomal STR typing.

佛山顺德区某大厦结构检测鉴定

对某大厦外凸弧形外墙的底部水平裂缝进行检测和鉴定,指出裂缝是因墙体顶部未设置有效约束,墙体受到热胀冷缩引起的向外推力作用而导致,同时对加建的钢屋架和钻孔灌注桩等进行检测,为类似工程提供参考。

AFLP Fingerprint and SCAR Marker of Watermelon Core Collection

The identification of germplasm is an important step for effective utilization of the available germplasm. In previous studies, isoenzyme, RAPD and SSR techniques had been used to conduct the genetic identification of watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.), but their effectiveness was limited due to the extremely narrow genetic background among watermelon genotypes. In this research, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), which was reported as a reliable technique with high efficiency in detecting polymorphism, was used to conduct genetic analysis and variety identification of thirty genotypes of watermelon core collection that represent a wide range of breeding and commercially available germplasm. As a result, a DNA fingerprint based on 15 bands amplified with four primer combinations was developed. In this fingerprint, each genotype has its unique fingerprint pattern and can be distinguished from each other. Furthermore, in or der to facilitate the utilization of AFLP marker in practice, one specific AFLP band of genotype 'PI296341' coming from fragment amplified by primer combination E-AT/M-CAT was successfully converted into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker.

The Application of RAPD Markers in Diversity Detection and Variety Identification of Porphyra

RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers were generated from filaments of 15 Porphyra lines representing four important groups, P. yezoensis, P. haitanensis, P. katadai var. hemiphylla and P. oligospermatangia . Among the total 69 fragments generated by 6 selected primers (among 50 primers), 67 appeared to be polymorphic (97.1%). Cluster analysis based on the RAPD results was performed. The 15 Porphyra lines were divided into 3 groups. This result was consistent with that from taxonomy analysis. A DNA fingerprinting based on 8 bands amplified with OPN_02 and OPJ_18 was constructed and might be used in Porphyra variety identification. Five specific RAPD fragments of 5 Porphyra lines were isolated and cloned into pGEM_T easy vector. These five RAPD fragments may be useful in germplasm identification and property protection of Porphyra .

Chemical Constituents from Roots of Semiaquilegia adoxoides

Semiaquilegia adoxoides ( DC. ) Makino ( Chinese name ''Tian-Kui-Zi'' ) , theonly species of genus Semiaquilegia, belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. As a perennial herbaceousplant, both the aerial parts and the roots are used in traditional Chinese medicine for differentmedications. The roots are often used to treat inflammation, snake bite, bruises and injuries,tonsillitis, mastitis, scrofula, and cancer for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, andantineoplastic activities. The aerial parts are used for the treatment of mastitis, bruises, andheart diseases, such as endomyocarditis. The medicinal usage of this plant prompted us toinvestigate its chemical constituents. As a result, nine compounds 1-9 ( see Figure 1) were isolatedfrom the roots of S. adoxoides. Among them, compounds 1-7 and 9 were isolated from the genusSemiaquilegia for the first time.

Flavanoids from Clematis hexapetala

Aim To study the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis hexapetala Pall.. Methods The components were isolated by means of solvent extraction, repeated chromatography with silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and prep-HPLC. The structures were determined by spectrum analysis. Results Twelve flavonoids were isolated and their structures were identified as 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3＇, 4＇-heptamethoxyflavone （1）, nobiletin （2）, liquiritigenin （3）, hesperetin （4）, naringenin （5）, liquiritigen-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （6）, 5,7, 4＇ -trihydroxy-3＇- methoxyflavanone -7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （ 1→6 ） -β-D-glucopyranoside （7）, 6-hydroxybiochain A （ 8）, formononetin （9）, daidzein （10）, genistein （11）, and tectoridin （12）. Conclusion All the said compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

AFLP Fingerprinting Analysis of Elite Hevea brasiliensis Germplasm

There are more than 6 000 clones of Hema brasiliensis Mull. Ary germplasm in the germplasm garden of Chinese National Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops and some of them are elite germplasm demonstrated by production and previous studies. AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting analysis was performed on 25 clones (15 of Wickham clones and 10 of Amazon wild clones which possess phenotypes with high-yielding,/Iow-yielding, cold-tolerance/cold-sensitivity, oidium-resistance/oidium-sensitivity, tapping panel dryness (TPD) /healthy) respectively through a 377 DNA sequencer (P. E. Corp.) and PAGE electrophoresis results were analyzed by using GeneScan(TM) and Genotype(TM) Analysis software (P. E. Corp. The fragment profiles of different clones were obtained. Five hundred and eighteen fragments were generated by two primer combinations screened from 64 primer combinations and 511 fragments appeared to be polymorphic (98.6%). Genetic distance ranged from 0.25 to 0.81 between clones and ranged from 0.07 to 0.17 within RRIM600 clone. A specific 320 bp fragment of the oidium-resistant clones was found through genotype analysis. These results showed that AFLP fingerprints were highly reproducible and powerful and can be widely used in germplasm identification and genetic diversity analysis of Hema brasiliensis. In addition, based on the AFLP data, cluster analysis was performed. Cluster results showed that all the clones studied were almost clustered into a group one by one.

Analysis of the Constituents in the Chinese Drug Notoginseng by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

To develop a HPIX-UV-MS method for identifying the constituents in theChinese drug Notoginseng (the root of Panax notoginseng). Methods A Phenomenex Luna C_(18) column(250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 μm) was utilized. Water containing 0.005% formic acid (A) and acetonitrilecontaining 0.005% formic acid (B) were used as gradient eluents. UV spectra were recorded in range195 - 400 nm. Both positive and negative ion ESI modes were used. Results The constituents inNotoginseng were well separated and detected. Fourteen compounds were identified by comparing theirretention time and ESI-MS data with those obtained from the reference compounds. Forty-one compoundswere deduced by data analysis of MS and literature; among them, yesanchinosides-H and -E,chikusetsusaponin-L_5, malonyl-ginsenoside-R_(g_1), the isomers of notoginsenosides-J, -A, -R_1, -G,-R_2, and ginsenoside-Rh_3 were discovered in Notoginseng for the first time. Conclusion Thismethod gives high sensitivity and good separation, and is suitable for identifying the constituentsin Notoginseng. This result is helpful for further phytochemical research on Notoginseng. Based onthis result, further quality control can be studied.

Saikosaponin q-1 from Bupleurum chinense

A new saikosaponin was isolated from Bupleurum chinense DC., and its structure was identified as 3β,16α,23,28,30_pentahydroxy_olean_11,13(18)_dien_3_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl(1→6)_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]_β_D_glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, named as saikosaponin q_1. In addition, two known saikosaponins, 3″_O_acetyl_saikosaponin d and 3″_O_acetyl_saikosaponin b 2, were also isolated and identified from this plant for the first time.

Resistance of Major and Backup Rice Cultivars against Ustilaginoidea virens in Anhui Province

[Objective] The aim was to study resistance of major and backup rice cul- tivars against Ustilaginoidea virens. [Method] Experiments and surveys were made on resistance of seventeen backup rice cultivars and some major cultivars in Anhui Province to identify resistance of different rice cultivars. [Result] Yanjing No.9, 80You 226, Tianxie No.l, A01 Xian, Lvjingnuo No.6 were moderate resistant; A03 Xian and Yangjing 636 were susceptible and the rest ten showed moderate susceptibility. Based on surveys on major rice cultivars, most of Liangyou rice series are suscept- able and novel Liangyou Xiang 4 enjoys resistance to certain extent. [Conclusion] The research provided references for resistance of rice against diseases in Anhui Province.

Identification of the Parentage of Corn Variety Using SSR Markers

[Objective] The study was to explore the molecular interpretation standards on parentage in the seeds of corn variety. [Method] With 16 hybrids and their parents and 202 inbred elites as materials for screening primers, the artificial groups of two standard diad and two standard triad were respectively established as the verification materials. Genomic DNA of seedlings was extracted by using CTAB method. 137 pairs of SSR primers were selected for SSR amplification and product detection, which was used for the parentage identification of maize varieties. [ Result] Twenty pairs of corn primers with high polymorphism information content （ PIC value）, clearly amplified bands and good reproducibility were screened from 137 pairs of corn SSR primers tested. The identification results of using SSR molecular were consistent with the actual situation. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to identify the parentage of maize variety using SSR markers.

Taxonomy characterization and cadmium biosorption of fungus strain

The taxonomy characteriazation and cadmium （Cd） biosorption of the high Cd-resistant fungus M1 were investigated. The internal transcribed spacers （ITS） region and β-tubulin genes of the strain were amplified, sequenced and analyzed by molecular biology technology. The Cd biosorption assay was performed by shaking flask. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the mycelium. The similarity of gene sequences and phylogenetic trees show the very close relation between the strain and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and the fungus M1 was identified as P. Lilacinus. The initial pH 6 and Cd concentration about 100 mg/L are optimum. Zn and Mn have a little effect on the Cd biosorption of the strain, while Cu and Pb present obvious effects. FTIR analysis shows that the fungus adsorbs Cd by esters, anhydride, and amide. With the preferable absorption capacity, fungus M1 is considered to have good prospects in bioremediation.

Construction of a High-efficient Expression Vector of Δ^(12) Fatty Acid Desaturase in Peanut and Its Prokaryotical Expression

A full-length sequence coding for △^12 fatty acid desaturase gene from peanut（Arachis hypogaea L.）was cloned into the expression vector, pRSETB, to generate recombinant plasmid pRSET/HO-A, which was subsequently transformed into expression Escherichia. coli BL21（DE3）pLysS. The △^12 fatty acid desaturase was highly expressed in E. coli BL21（DE3）pLysS in the presence of isopropyl-D-thiogalactopyranoside （IPTG）. The fusion protein was purified and used to form a reaction system in vitro by adding oleic acid as substrate and incubating it at 20℃ for 6 h. Total fatty acids was extracted and methlesterified and then analyzed with gas chromatography. A novel peak corresponding to linoleic acid methyl ester standards was detected with the same retention time. GC-MS （gas chromatogram and gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry） analysis showed that the novel peak was linoleic acid methyl ester. These results exhibited △^12 fatty acid desaturase activity, which could convert oleic acid to linoleic acid specifically.

A Preliminary Study on Genetic Variation of g E Gene of an Epidemic Pseudorabies Virus Strain and Its Pathogenicity to Piglets

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic variation of g E gene of an epidemic pseudorabies virus（PRV） strain and its pathogenicity to piglets. [Method] By serial passage in Vero cells, a PRV strain was isolated from the brain tissues of stillborn fetuses delivered by sows with suspected PRV infection and preliminarily identified by PCR. g E gene of the isolated PRV strain was amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. In addition, the pathogenicity of the isolated PRV strain to 6-week-old piglets was evaluated. [Result] A PRV strain was successfully isolated and named PRV N5 B strain, which could proliferate in Vero cells and TCID50 of the 15 thgeneration virus liquid reached 10^7.125/0.1 ml. Specific bands could be amplified by PCR. g E gene in the isolated PRV strain was 1 740 bp in length. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on full-length g E sequences, which showed that PRV N5 B strain and PRV strains isolated since 2012 were clustered into the same independent category and shared 99.7%-100% homology of nucleotide sequences. Compared with related sequences published previously, there were insertions of three consecutive bases at two loci. Animal experiments showed that intranasal inoculation of 6-week-old piglets with 2 ml of PRV N5 B strain（10^6/0.1 ml） led to a mortality rate of 100%. [Conclusion] In this study,genetic variability of g E gene in PRV N5 B isolate and its pathogenicity to piglets were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of new vaccines to prevent and control porcine pseudorabies.

Diversity of filamentous fungi in organic layers of two forests in Zijin Mountain

A study was conducted to evaluate the cultivable filamentous fungal diversity in organic layers (L, F, and H layers) and A1 layer of two main forest types, Pinus massoniana and Liguidambar formasana mixed forest and Quercus variabilis forest, in Zijin Mountain(325?N, 11848?E), Nanjing, China. A total of 67 taxa comprising 56 Deuteromycetes, 3 Zygomycetes, 5 Asco-mycetes and 3 unidentified fungi were recognized from samples from the forest floor of the two forest types. The most abundant group was Deuteromycetes. The dominant genera in both forests were Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma spp. The fungal diversity was higher in the mixed forest than that in Q. variabilis forest. For both forest types, the maximum fungal diversity was found in layer F and there existed significantly different in fungal diversity between layer F and layer L. In the mixed forest, richness of fungi isolated from needle litter (P. massoniana) was lower than that from leaf litter (L. formasana). The richness of fungi from needle litter increased with the in-crease of forest floor depth, but for leaf litter, the fungal diversity decreased with the depth of forest floor. The co-species of fungi from the two forest types, as well as from two kinds of litters in mixed forest, increased with the depth of the forest floor. The succession of fungi along with the process of decomposition was discussed here. The results also showed that litter quality was a critical factor affecting fungal diversity.

Construction and Characterization of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library for Triticum boeoticum

A bacterial artificial chromosome library has been constructed for Triticum boeoticum Boiss (A bA b) using the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector pECBAC1. The library consists of about 170 000 clones. A random sampling analysis of 200 BAC clones indicates that the average insert size is 104 kb. Based on the genome size of T. boeoticum, the library is about three times as large as T. boeoticum haploid genome (5 600 Mb). Screening the BAC library with cpDNA sequence psbA gene and mtDNA sequence atp6 gene as probe shows that contamination of the library with chloroplast and mitochondrial clones is less than 1%. The library will be a useful platform in gene clone and genomic research of wheat.

Research Progress of Bactrocera dorsalis and Its Species Complex

Research progress of B. dorsalis and its species complex in Taiwan region and abroad was summarized from the aspects of classification, origin, transmission, distribution, host, biological characteristics and adaptability to environmental conditions, in order to provide references and basis for researching B. dorsalis and its species complex in China.

Molecular Identification of Gallibacterium from Hen and Analysis of Its 16S rRNA Gene

Two strains of Gallibacterium, isolated from one laying hen flock in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, were identified by the morphological observation, genus -specific PCR, and analysis of 16S rRNA gene, which was used to generate the phylogenetic tree, with the 21 members of the 12 genera belonging to Pasteurellaceae to analyze the homology. Two strains were named Yu-ZZ-HL-I-SLG and Yu-ZZ-HL-II-GZ. The comparative result of the 16S rDNA sequence shows that the 2 isolated strains are identical in sequence; the highest identity （99.9%） was observed between the isolated strain and one of the strains of Gallibacterium anatis （AF22.8002）, the homologies between the isolated strain and 3 strains of gallibacterium accessed in NCBI （AF22.8016, Gallibacterium genomosp. 1, AF228017, Gallibacterium genomosp. 2, AF22.8018, Gal- libacterium genomosp. 1 ） were above 97.1%, higher than that of the isolated strain and the other strains of the other 11 genera which were between 90.7% -93.2%. It can be seen from the phylogenetic tree that the 2 isolated strains and the other 4 strain of gallibacterium fell into the same branch, furthermore the 2 isolated strains and the strain of Gallibacterium anatis locate in an internal branch, indicating that the 2 isolated strains belong to Gallibacterium anatis.

Isolation and Identification of Black Spot Pathogen in Psidium guajava

[Objective]The aim was to isolate and identify the pathogen causing black spot disease in guava（Psidium guajava）,so as to determine its taxonomic status.[Method]The fungus was identified by determining its pathogenicity,observing its morphology characteristics and analyzing its ITS sequence.[Result]The pathogen causing black spot disease in guava was a strain of Guignardia mangiferae.[Conclusion]This study will provide theoretical basis for curing black spot disease of guava.