动画电影《银实》的写实主义风格

韩国动画影片《银实》是一部批判现实主义的力作。影片采用全知全能的视角,通过显著的女性主义风格对象征恶的欺凌者、象征善的施救者以及伪善的中间者的人物塑造,依托画风、场景与意象设置的写实主义原则,围绕着智障孤女银实的悲惨命运实现对丑恶虚伪人性的拷问。与电影《熔炉》《素媛》同步,《银实》代表了韩国动漫对社会阴暗现实的无情鞭挞与深刻思考,也发掘出在日本、欧美模式之外的创新路径。

Comparison of convective parameterizations in RegCM4 experiments over China with CLM as the land surface model

in the latest version of the international Centre for Theoretical Physics＇ regional climate model, RegCM4, CLM was introduced as a new land surface scheme. The performance over China of RegCM4-CLM with different convection schemes is analyzed in this study, based on a series of short- term experiments.The model is driven by ERA-Interim data at a grid spacing of 25 km.The convection schemes employed are： Emanuel; Grell; Emanuel over land and Grell over ocean; Grell over land and Emanuel over ocean; and Tiedtke. The simulated mean surface air temperature and precipitation in December-February-January and June-July-August are compared against observation. In general, better performance of Emanuel is found both for temperature and precipitation, and in both seasons. Thus, the model physics of CLM and Emanuel for the land surface processes and convection, respectively, are recommended for further application of RegCM4 over the China region. The de^ciencies that remain in the model arealso outlined and discussed.

Hepatic fibrosis in biliary-obstructed rats is prevented by Ginkgo biloba treatment

AIM： To assess the antioxidant and antifibrotic effects of long-term Ginkgo biloba administration on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction in rats. METHODS： Liver fibrosis was induced in male Wistar albino rats by bile duct ligation and scission （BDL）. Ginkgo biloba extract （EGb 761, 50 mg/kg.per d） or saline was administered for 28 d. At the end of the treatment period, all rats were killed. Serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） levels were determined to assess liver functions and tissue damage, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） was also assayed in serum samples. Liver tissues were taken for determination of the hepatic malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） levels, myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity and collagen content. Production of reactive oxidants was monitored by chemiluminescence （CL） assay. Serum AST, ALT, LDH, and TNF-α levels were elevated in the BDL group as compared to control group and were significantly decreased by EGb treatment. RESULTS： Hepatic GSH level, depressed by BDL, was elevated back to control level in EGb-treated BDL group. Increase in tissue MDA level, MPO activity and collagen content due to BDL were also attenuated by EGb treatment. Furthermore, luminol and lucigenin CL values in BDL group increased dramatically compared to control and reduced by EGb treatment. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that Ginkgo biloba protects the liver from oxidative damage following BDL in rats. This effect possibly involves the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation; thus, restoration of oxidant and antioxidant status in the tissue.

Empirical analysis on China money multiplier

The paper firstly represents two kind statements of China money multipliers and theoretically analyzes the relationship between each structure factor and China money multiplier. Secondly, it summarizes the several features and the move trends of China narrow and broad money multipliers and their structure factors. Thirdly, the paper empirically analyzes how and what degree the each structure factor affects China narrow and broad money multipliers holding everything else constant. At last two important conclusions are got, that is, the required reserve ratio is the most associated with China money multipliers and the saving deposit ratio is more associated with that, the required reserve ratio and the interest rates can be used as the ways of affecting money aggregate by the People＇s Bank of China.

Influence of Golmud-Lhasa Section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway on Blown Sand Transport

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR) passes through 281 km of sandy land, 11.07 km of which causes serious sand damage to the railway and thus, the control of blown sand is important for the safe operation of the railway. Construction of the railway and sand prevention system greatly changed the blown sand transport of the primary surface. Effective and feasible sand-control measures include stone checkerboard barriers(SCBs), sand fences(SFs), and gravel coverings. This study simulated the embankments, SCBs and SFs of the QTR in a wind tunnel, and analyzed their respective wind profile, sand deposition, and sand-blocking rate(SBR) in conjunction with field data, aiming at studying the influence of Golmud-Lhasa section of the QTR and sand prevention system on blown sand transport. The results of wind tunnel experiments showed that wind speed increased by 67.7%–77.3% at the upwind shoulder of the embankment and decreased by 50.0%–83.3% at upwind foot of embankment. Wind speed decreased by 50.0%–100.0% after passing through the first SF, and 72.2%–100.0% after the first row of stones within the first SCB grid. In the experiment of sand deposition, the higher the wind speed, the lower the SBR of SCB and SF. From field investigation, the amount of sand blocked by the four SFs decreased exponentially and its SBR was about 50.0%. By contrast, SCB could only block lower amounts of sand, but had a higher SBR(96.7%) than SF. Although, results show that SFs and SCBs along the Golmud-Lhasa section of the QTR provide an obvious sand blocking effect, they lead to the deposition of a large amount of sand, which forms artificial dunes and becomes a new source of sand damage.

Cloud Seedability Study with a Dual-Model System

In this research, one-dimensional stratiform a novel dual-model system, cold cloud model （1DSC） coupled to Weather Research and Forecast （WRF） model （WRF-1DSC for short）, was employed to investigate the effects of cloud seeding by silver iodide （AgI） on rain enhancement. Driven by changing environmental conditions extracted from the WRF model, WRF-1DSC could be used to assess the cloud seeding effects quantitatively. The employment of WRF- 1DSC, in place of a one-dimen- sional two-moment cloud seeding model applied to a three-dimensional mesoscale cloud-resolving model, was found to result in massive reduction of computational resources. Numerical experiments with WRF-1DSC were conducted for a real stratiform precipitation event ob- served on 4-5 July 2004, in Northeast China. A good agreement between the observed and modeled cloud system ensured the ability of WRF-1DSC to simulate the observed precipitation process efficiently. Sensitivity tests were performed with different seeding times, locations, and amounts. Experimental results showed that the optimum seeding effect （defined as the percentage of rain enhancement or rain enhancement rate） could be achieved through proper seeding at locations of maximum cloud water content when the updraft was strong. The optimum seeding effect was found to increase by 5.61% when the cloud was seeded at 5.5 km above ground level around 2300 UTC 4 July 2004, with the maximum AgI mixing ratio （As） equaling 15 ng kg-1. On the other hand, for an overseeded cloud, a significant reduction occurred in the accumulated precipitation （-12.42%） as Xs reached 100 ng kg^-1. This study demonstrates the potential of WRF- 1DSC in determining the optimal AgI seeding strategy in practical operations of precipitation enhancement.

Pretreatment of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation for concentrating silver

The feasibility of separation of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation was analyzed theoretically. The volatilization rates and mass fractions of elements, influenced by distillation temperature, heat preservation time and material thickness, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The experimental results indicate that almost all of lead and bismuth can be separated from silver-contained multicomponent alloy at 1 223 K for 45 min when the chamber pressure maintains at 10-25 Pa. Silver can be easily enriched in the residue and its mass fraction increases from 3.6% to 27.8% when the distillation temperature is between 1 133 K and 1 373 K. Due to the forming ofintermetallic compounds Cu2Sb, Cul0Sb3 and Ag3Sb, the antimony could not be evaporated completely during the vacuum distillation. EDS analysis indicates that the condensate has a columnar crystal structure.

Profitable credit card business empirical analysis of factors

Since 1995, major domestic commercial banks are beginning to have a variety of credit cards issued. However, at present, China＇s relatively low profitability of the credit card business, it accounts for a smaller proportion of total bank income. By means of credit card revenue／cost structure analysis, the authors found spending and overdraft balances affecting credit card business, an important factor in profitability. At the same time, combined with a commercial bank＇s existing statistical data, using SPSS software correlation and regression analysis, the authors found that the key to improve the bank card revenue is to raise China＇s commercial banks, credit card revolving credit utilization, and expand the scale of overdraft balances.

Experimental research of optical fiber hydrogen gas sensing system based on palladium-silver alloy

A novel optical fiber hydrogen sensing system based on palladium(Pd) and sliver(Ag) is proposed. By direct current(DC) magnetron process, Pd/Ag alloy ultra-thin films were deposited on the substrate to eliminate the hydrogen embrittlement of sensor based on pure Pd. Several samples with different thin film thicknesses were fabricated at different substrate temperatures and tested in the optical fiber hydrogen sensor setup. We do a series of experiments for obtaining optimum sputtering parameters, such as optimum sputtering temperature and thickness of Pd/Ag alloy film. The humidity effect and reliability experiment for the optical fiber hydrogen gas sensor are reported in detail. The testing results demonstrate the Pd/Ag alloy is a promising material for optical fiber hydrogen gas sensor.