济慈、雪莱诗的“宇宙精神” 浅析──析《夜莺颂》、《灿烂的星》和《阿多尼》

面对生与死，古往今来，许多文学作品、许多才子名人都对其进行了探索。本文通过对济慈、雪莱这两位英年早逝的英国浪漫主义诗人的优美诗篇《夜莺颂》、《灿烂的星》、《阿多尼》的分析，探讨了他们认为精神永恒的“宇宙精神”生死观。

Environmental Protection of Biodiversity in Macedonia and Albania under Legal Analysis View

Environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia and Albania are similar in other countries in the region. Numerous problems and deficiencies identified through different projects. The studies and planning documents are evident for environmental media and areas. Such as lack of regional integrated systems for municipal solid waste management. The system for special waste types management, including hazardous waste, insufficient coverage of populated places and municipalities by wastewater collection and treatment systems （especially in agglomerations above 10,000 populations）. The need to establish integrated river basin management is in accordance with the new law on waters, air pollution with different intensity in different parts of the country. This paper presents the imperative reforms to protect the natural resources and biodiversity in the countries.

Some Effective Techniques in Teaching and Learning English Idioms A Case Study of the Albanian Students of English as a Foreign Language

This paper deals with the importance of idioms in English as a Foreign Language （EFL） acquisition in general and the effect of three techniques applied in teaching and learning them by the undergraduate university students in particular. To accomplish this aim, the study firstly tried to investigate English students＇ attitude toward learning L2 idioms through a 10-item questionnaire. The second part of the study passed on two stages; a list of 20 unknown idioms was presented to 30 second-year EFL students who were divided into three groups. The first group of students was given the list of idioms with （L2） English definition; the second group was given the same list of idioms with their （L2） English contextual representation these unknown idioms were used, and the third group was given （LI） Albanian translation equivalent. At the second stage, after learning and revising the unknown idioms for a period of four weeks, the participants received a common test consisting of two types of exercises-multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blanks-to check the impact of three techniques used for the long-term retention of idioms： definition, context, and translation. The results of the survey showed that the third-group students performed better than the two other groups who were exposed to English idioms definition and context; i.e., translation was the most effective technique that helped students＇ retention and acquisition of idioms.

Arabic Language in Multicultural Dynamism： Chronological Effects on Nigeria＇s Heritage

Of such notice that researchers documented in their compendium about the spawn of Arabs and their language dwindled in mono-cultural boundary for many memorable years. It is of the fact that the relevance of Arabic language is not only restricted to the people spoken it as their mother language. Thus, it is globally applauded due to its effective recognitions and relevancies in other cultures and all human strata. History shows that the place of Arabic language in multicultural society is very applausive, especially after the emergence of Islam, when Islam spread beyond its domain to other continents like Asia, Europe, Africa, America, etc. Apparently, the position of Arabic language in multicultural societies, especially Nigeria （has the largest African population） which has predominant ethnic groups, cultures, and more than 400 ethnic dialects, with over 1,850,000,000 population is given a warmly applausive recognization. The reason is that its entry into the country dated back to the seventh century of the Hijrah era in which Arabic had been used for religious, social, economic, and cultural purposes. Therefore, this paper is aiming to give an expository analysis of the relevance of Arabic language in multicultural societies, and take Nigeria as a case study.

Literary Translation and Loanwords： A Study of English and Igbo Translations ofFranz Kafka＇s Brief an den Vater

Multilingualism and multiculturalism have become so characteristic of our times that it is hard to come by a literary work that is strictly monolingual. Languages in contact influence each other in various ways. One language could be more influential than the other as a result of linguistic and non-linguistic factors. A language that is documented and enjoys a more privileged political, economic, cultural, or religious position is likely to be more influential than another language that lacks these qualities. Languages in contact often borrow words from each other though a language that is considered to be more prestigious than another is more likely to be the donor language less prestigious one. Loanwords are therefore common among languages in contact. Intercultural literary communication is mostly effected through translation. Due to Africa＇s colonial experience, literary translation practice in Africa often involves European languages, Arabic, and indigenous African languages. In Nigeria, the languages that have played significant roles in literary translation include English, French, German, Arabic, and indigenous Nigerian languages. Franz Kafka＇s Brief an den Vater which was written in German has been translated into English as Letter to His Father by Ernest Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins and into Igbo as Soro Okwu m maobu Leta （Ndi） Nna by Felicia Ibemesi. This paper sets out to study loanwords in the English and Igbo translations from a target reader＇s perspective

Comparative Data of Millipedes＇ Distribution in Southern Region of Albania

This is a study about the zoographical and taxonomy aspects of Diplopoda class in Albania. Based on the published studies of foreign and Albanian researchers, we have analyzed the current level of information about the distribution of this class in Albania. In this study we mainly focused in the Southern Region of Albania by assessing the biodiversity of the diplopods. The study area covers the Ionian coast and parts of Vjosa river valley. This study has made use of determination key of Mauries J. color, number of segments, number of paired limbs to distinguish the different species. The collected data are compared with previous findings by Verhoeff （1901）, Attems （1929）, Manfredi （1945）, Mauriès, Go lovatch, Stoev （1997） etc. The distribution range of the collected species is presented according to the national or Balkan level. Based on the recent studies and the geographical distribution of diplopods, we expect to find approximately 150 species of 50 genres in Albania.