未完成的女性解放——以《隔绝》为例,探析五四初期女性写作

冯沅君的短篇小说《隔绝》展现了五四时期女性反抗传统的艰难处境,以及女性面临传统观念与现代思想碰撞时的困境。这体现在女主人公在情感上爱母亲却难以认同其观念的矛盾心境,与情人结成反抗同盟却无法摆脱待拯救的状态,通过性排拒将自我理想化等方面。作家并非理性批判这种女性解放的未完成态,而是表现出五四女作家们因性别身份和时代局限而产生的真实心理与文化无意识,即在传统与现代的拉扯中艰难上浮。发掘这种心理真实,有助于我们重返历史现场,对发萌于男性启蒙话语框架中的五四女性写作,给予更加公允的文学史评价。

关于《伤逝》和《隔绝》的一些思考

本文试从男女作家不同性别的角度对《伤逝》和《隔绝》进行研究,分析其具有民主思想的中国女性身上呈现出的淑女/叛女双向追求模式,以及这种模式的历史渊源。另外对于《伤逝》和《隔绝》所揭示出的那个时代先驱者身上普遍存在的孤独感也作了一定的探索。

Preparation of immunomagnetic iron-dextran nanopartides and application in rapid isolation of E.coli O157:H7 from foods

AIM: To prepare a kind of magnetic iron-dextran nanopartides that was coated with anti-E.coli O157:H7 IgG, analyze its application conditions, and try to use it to isolate E.coli O157:H7 from foods. METHODS: Magnetic iron-dextran nanopartides were prepared by the reaction of a mixture of ferric and ferrous ions with dextran polymers under alkaline conditions. The particles were coated with antiserum against E.coli O157: H7 by the periodate oxidation-borohydride reduction procedure. The oxidation time, amount of antibody coating the particles, amount of nanoparticles, incubation time and isolation time were varied to determine their effects on recovery of the organisms. Finally, the optimum conditions for isolating E.coli O157:H7 from food samples were established. RESULTS: E.coli O157:H7 can be isolated from samples within 15 min with the sensitivity of 101 CFU/mL or even less. In the presence of 108 CFU/mL of other organisms, the sensitivity is 101-102 CFU/mL. Nonspecific binding of other bacteria to the particles was not observed. Two and a half hours of enrichment is enough for the particles to detect the target from the food samples inoculated with 1 CFU/g. CONCLUSION: Isolation of target bacteria by immuno magnetic nanoparticles is an efficient method with high sensitivity and specificity. The technique is so simple that it can be operated in lab and field even by untrained personnel.

Simulation and analysis of effects of Young’s modulus of isolation material on natural frequencies of the sensor package and displacement of the chip

For the first time an anti-shock packaging model of an acoustic-vibration sensor system has been designed by using the shocking isolation principle. The finite element analysis has been applied for design and simulation of the model. The effects of Young’s modulus of anti-shock rubber on naturally occurring frequencies of the combination of rubber and an acoustic sensor chip were analyzed. The displacement of the acoustic sensor chip is loaded with force. The results of static analysis and harmonic analysis show that while increasing Young’s modulus of anti-chock rubber, the first five natural frequencies of the package body also increases. Yet the displacement of the acoustic sensor chip around the resonant frequency decreases. The results of static and transient analysis show that the displacement of the acoustic sensor chip decreases with the increase of Young’s modulus of anti-chock rubber being loaded with either transient force or static force at the bottom of the combination of rubber and acoustic sensor chip.

The isolated hero： Beowulf

The Epic hero Beowulf is honored as a great leader of his nation, but such a hero is isolated. He was not born a hero. In his growth, he is often detached from his family and society. Isolation makes up the critical part of the process of being a great hero.

Molecular Evolution of the Cytochrome b Gene in Geographically Isolated Populations of Oryzias Latipes

The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was isolated from the caudal fin of Oryzias latipes and PCR was undertaken to determine phylogeny. The nucleotide sequence of the complete cytochrome b gene including the 5＇ and 3＇ ends was 1,143 base pairs （bp） and 1,137 bp encoding 380 and 378 amino acids in the K-11 strain and HS strain, respectively. In addition, higher substitutions both in base and amino acid residues occurred more frequently between the former control （Hd-rR strain） and HS strains than the K-I 1 strain. Approximately similar values in polymorphism, as assessed by restriction endonuclease digestion, were detected when utilizing 20 different enzymes. Therefore, the evolutionary processes were unlikely to involve common ancestors, especially between the K-11 strain and HS strains, in O. latipes populations in Japan. The sequence had been deposited in GenBank Data Base under accession number AB480878 （K-I I strain） and AB480879 （HS strain）.

Analytical and numerical modeling for the effects of thermal insulation in underground tunnels

The heat How generated from the infinite rock mass surrounding the underground tunnels is a major cause for the increasing cooling demands in deep mine tunnels.Insulation layers with lower thermal conductivities on tunnel walls and roof ceilings are believed to supply a thermo-barrier for heat abatement.However,it is found that no systematic theoretical investigations were made to predict and confirm the effectiveness of underground thermal insulation.Specifically,investigations on the underground insulation problems involving heat flows through the semi-infinite hot rock mass and insulation layer were not sufficient.Thus,in this paper,the thermal characteristics,accompanied with heat flow through the semi-infinite rock mass and the insulation layer,were modeled by both analytical and numerical methods with focus on underground mine tunnels.The close agreements between models have indicated that the thermal insulation applied on tunnel surfaces is able to provide promising heat abatement effects.

Thermal insulation constructal optimization for steel rolling reheating furnace wall based on entransy dissipation extremum principle

Analogizing with the heat conduction process, the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process can be described as: for a fixed boundary heat flux (heat loss) with certain constraints, the thermal insulation process is optimized when the entransy dissipation is maximized (maximum average temperature difference), while for a fixed boundary temperature, the thermal insulation process is optimized when the entransy dissipation is minimized (minimum average heat loss rate). Based on the constructal theory, the constructal optimizations of a single plane and cylindrical insulation layers as well as multi-layer insulation layers of the steel rolling reheating furnace walls are carried out for the fixed boundary temperatures and by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal constructs of these three kinds of insulation structures with distributed thicknesses are obtained. The results show that compared with the insulation layers with uniform thicknesses and the optimal constructs of the insulation layers obtained by minimum heat loss rate, the optimal constructs of the insulation layers obtained by minimum entransy dissipation rate are obviously different from those of the former two insulation layers; the optimal constructs of the insulation layers obtained by minimum entransy dissipation rate can effectively reduce the average heat loss rates of the insulation layers, and can help to improve their global thermal insulation performances. The entransy dissipation extremum principle is applied to the constructal optimizations of insulation systems, which will help to extend the application range of the entransy dissipation extremum principle.