论“冰山原则”在德国废墟文学中的体现——以博歇尔特《面包》为例

二战结束之后,在德国出现了一批描写战后生存现实的作家,他们的作品被称之为"废墟文学"。废墟文学作家受到了战后进入德国的美国文学的深刻影响,尤其是继承和发展了海明威的"冰山原则"小说创作理念,创作了一批语言简洁、意蕴深刻的"短篇故事",真实地表现了战后一代人的遭遇和感受。以废墟文学中短篇故事的杰出代表——博歇尔特的《面包》为例,探讨了"冰山原则"在德国废墟文学中的体现。

面包渣历险记

我是一粒小小的面包渣，原本早就应该在小主人的肚了里睡大觉，可是粗心的他边走边吃，把我掉到了地上，差点把我摔成残疾!

去性别化的新女性影视形象塑造手段——以日本电视剧《面包和汤和猫咪好天气》为例

近两年,国内以女性为主角的影视作品层出不穷。然而,即使在某些以'大女主'为噱头的作品中,女性角色依然不能摆脱男性角色而独立存在。在脱离男性角色牵绊的尝试中,日剧《面包和汤和猫咪好天气》给出了一个很好的示例,以去性别化的塑造手段设定角色。

面包圈的洞

本人绝无希望被夸奖的爱好，但却喜欢逗逗便利店或家庭餐馆的女店员们。

面包长“毛”

3月15日 科学展览是在两周之后，我都等不及了！我喜欢做实验——你能使很酷的事情发生，而不仅仅只听别人跟你解释。我想做一些有趣的事情。

面包飞到天上去了

今天，我去弟弟家玩。一进门，就听见弟弟在阳台上大叫：“快来看，面包飞到天上去了！”我走过去一看，没什么面包呀？弟弟一本正经地指着天空说：“你看，面包！”我定睛一看，对弟弟说：“那不是面包，

Effect of La on arc erosion behaviors and oxidation resistance of Cu alloys

Cu with and without La addition was prepared and the effect of a trace amount of La on the arc erosion behaviors and oxidation resistance of Cu alloys was investigated. The results indicate that CuLa alloy exhibits superior oxidation resistance and arc erosion resistance. The contact resistance and temperature rise were obviously improved. The oxidation resistance of CuLa alloy mainly is due to the interface wrapping of La2O3 particles and CuLa alloy phase on Cu atoms. Thermodynamic calculation indicated that La2O3 could form preferentially in the CuLa alloy, which was beneficial for the protection of the Cu substrate. According to kinetics analysis, the activation energy of CuLa alloy was higher than that of pure Cu, indicating the better oxidation resistance of CuLa alloys.

Study on Food-making Quality of Strong-gluten Wheat Varieties from Lime Concretion Black Soil Area in the Huanghuai Wheat Region

In this study, 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties screened by the Key Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System ＂Study on Industrial Technology for Strong-gluten Wheat from Lime Concretion Black Soil Area in the Huanghuai Wheat Region＂ were used as experimental materials to investigate their bread-making quality, noodle-making quality and other related characteristics. The results showed that more than half of the wheat varieties had better bread-making quality; the bread made from wheat with longer dough mixing time than 3.0 min had better texture, lighter color, and better taste. All these 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties showed good noodle-making quality in color, appearance, smoothness and taste; the differences between varieties were mainly found in palatability and viscoelasticity. Jimai 20, Xinong 979, Zhengmai 7698, Ji＇nan 17 and Zhengmai 9023 exhibited excellent bread-making quality; Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 displayed excellent noodle-making quality. Fresh dough sheets made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 exhibited slight color variation within 24 h and high peak starch paste viscosity; dry and cooked noodles made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 had good quality.

Surface quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn alloy plate prepared by two-phase zone continuous casting

Cu-4.7%Sn （mass fraction） alloy plate was prepared by the self-developed two-phase zone continuous casting （TZCC） process. The relationship between process parameters of TZCC and surface quality of the alloy plate was investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the TZCC alloy plate were analyzed. The results show that Cu-4.7%Sn alloy plate with smooth surface can be obtained by means of reasonable matching the entrance temperature of two-phase zone mold and the continuous casting speed. The microstructure of the TZCC alloy is composed of grains-covered grains, small grains with self-closed grain boundaries, columnar grains and equiaxed grains. Compared with cold mold continuous casting Cu-4.7%Sn alloy plate, the room temperature tensile strength and ductility of the TZCC alloy plate are greatly improved.

Development of Bean Dreg Bread and Quality Evaluation

The research compared differences between bean dreg breads and common breads from perspectives of sensory quality, texture and taste.

克鲁泡特金思想在20世纪20年代中国的影响

1921年2月8日克鲁泡特金之死及随后在中国出现的声势浩大的悼念活动,将克氏的无政府主义学说在中国的影响推向顶峰,并引领中国社会之潮流,成为当时中国社会中一种炫目的 "政治现象"。这也使得中国早期马克思主义者更加审慎地思考无政府主义与马克思主义的汇通与区别,并最终做出抛弃无政府主义的抉择。克鲁泡特金之死及其学说在中国的沉浮,清楚地映照出当时中国政治的历史走向。1921年成为中国政治抉择的分水岭。

Microstructure and properties at bonding interface of AA4045/AA3003 aluminum alloy cladding billet prepared by semi-continuous casting

AA4045/AA3003 cladding billet was prepared by direct chill semi-continuous casting process. The macrostructures, microstructures, temperature distribution, compositions distribution and the mechanical properties at the bonding interface were investigated in detail. The results show that the cladding billet with few defects could be obtained by semi-continuous casting process. At the interface, diffusion layer of about 10μm on average formed between the two alloys due to the diffusion of alloy elements in the temperature range from 596 to 632 °C. From the side of AA4045 to the side of AA3003, the Si content has a trend to decrease, while the Mn content has a trend to increase gradually. Tensile strength of the cladding billet reaches 103.7 MPa, the fractured position is located on the AA3003 side, and the shearing strength is 91.1 MPa, revealing that the two alloys were combined metallurgically by mutual diffusion of alloy elements.

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical performance of AlF_3-coated Li_(1.2)(Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.16)Co_(0.08))O_2 as cathode for Li-ion battery

Li-rich layered transitional metal oxide Li1.2(Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 was prepared by sol-gel method and further modified by AlF3 coating via a wet process. The bare and AlF3-coated Li1.2(Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM). XRD results show that the bare and AlF3-coated samples have typical hexagonal α-Na Fe O2 structure, and AlF3-coated layer does not affect the crystal structure of the bare Li1.2(Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.08)O2. Morphology measurements present that the AlF3 layer with a thickness of 5-7 nm is coated on the surface of the Li1.2(Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 particles.Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests at various rates show that the AlF3-coated Li1.2(Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 has an enhanced electrochemical performance compared with the bare sample. At 1C rate, it delivers an initial discharge capacity of 208.2 m A·h/g and a capacity retention of 72.4% after 50 cycles, while those of the bare Li1.2(Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 are 191.7 m A·h/g and 51.6 %, respectively.

Determination of interfacial adhesive properties for polymeric film by blister test

The interfacial adhesive properties ofpolypropylene/stainless steel were studied by the blister test. The polypropylene film with a squared free-standing window was pressured by oil from one side of film. The corresponding deformation field was observed by a digital speckle correlation method. The experimental results show that the squared film deforms and debonds from stainless steel with the increase of pressure. The debonding of the squared film in initiates from the center of edge and extends to the comer, and then the deformation of film evolves from square to circle shape. The interfacial adhesive energy of polypropylene/stainless steel is （22.60±1.55） J/m2, which is in agreement with that measured by film with a circular window.

Classification of forearm action surface EMG signals based on fractal dimension

Surface electromyogram （EMG） signals were identified by fractal dimension.Two patterns of surface EMG signals were acquired from 30 healthy volunteers＇ right forearm flexor respectively in the process of forearm supination （FS） and forearm pronation （FP）.After the raw action surface EMG （ASEMG） signal was decomposed into several sub-signals with wavelet packet transform （WPT）,five fractal dimensions were respectively calculated from the raw signal and four sub-signals by the method based on fuzzy self-similarity.The results show that calculated from the sub-signal in the band 0 to 125 Hz,the fractal dimensions of FS ASEMG signals and FP ASEMG signals distributed in two different regions,and its error rate based on Bayes decision was no more than 2.26%.Therefore,the fractal dimension is an appropriate feature by which an FS ASEMG signal is distinguished from an FP ASEMG signal.

THE NOVEL ANNULAR ENVELOPE CYLINDRICAL WORM AND FUZZY OPTIMAL DESIGN OF ITS DRIVE

The cylindrical worm processed by annular grinding wheel envelope in two degree of freedom motion state is a novel worm. This paper explains the shaping principle of such a worm. To improve meshing quality and the properties of contact and lubrication, the multi objective optimization has been conducted for the first time to the parameters of such a worm pair by the fuzzy optimal method. The results show that, the shape of the contact line is visibly more sloped than before being optimized, lubrication angle is apparently bigger, and the distribution of contact lines is much improved.

Flavonoids in Georgian Bee Bread and Bee Pollen

The proposed work aims to study phenol components （flavonoids） of bee bread and pollen obtained in Georgia using the HPLC （high-performance liquid chromatography） method, and to determine the content of biologically active compounds in them. The samples were taken in lmereti region （west Georgia）. After extraction of samples, there were carried out spectral and HPLC analysis of compounds for the sake of qualitative and quantitative research of them. There are studied the flavonoid compounds of bee bread and pollen by using the HPLC methods, and naringin, rutin and quercetin are identified. Their amount counts about 20% of full content of flavonoids. The content of flavonols in bee bread and pollen has been established. It also has been determined that the amount of flavonoids during the storage period of products reduces to 6.17-5.03 g.kg-1.

Effect of Using Baker＇s Yeast and Exogenous Digestive Enzymes as Growth Promoters on Growth, Feed Utilization and Hematological Indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of baker yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae （SC） and exogenous digestive enzymes （pepsin, papain and a-amylase, EDE） dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization and hematological indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. A total of 630 Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average body weight of 26.4 ± 0.2 g were divided in the seven experimental net-pen treatments （three replicates each）. The experiment was conducted for 119 days. Seven isonitrogenous （26.50%） digestible protein and isocaloric （13.40 MJ kgl） digestible energy experimental diets were formulated. The control diet had no SC and EDE added. Diets 2-3 each contained SC at levels of 2 and 4 g 100 g diet-t, respectively, while diets 4-5 each contained EDE at levels of （0.64, 1.28, 0.16） and （1.28, 2.56, 0.32） g 100 gdiefI of pepsin, papain and a-amylase, respectively. Diet 6 contained mixture of SC and EDE at levels of 1 g yeast and 0.32, 0.64, 0.08 g of pepsin, papain and a-amylase, respectively 100 gdiet1 and diet D7 contained 2 g yeast and 0.64, 1.28, 0.16 g of pepsin, papain and a-amylase, respectively 100 g dietl. Growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of Nile tilapia were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in all treatments receiving SC and/or EDE supplemented-diets than the control diet which suggests that the addition of SC and EDE enhanced the growth performance. Red blood cells counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly （P 〈 0.05） highest in all treatments receiving mixture of SC and EDE supplemented-diets （D6 ＋ D7）. The same trend was observed for total plasma protein and total plasma globulin levels. The results of present study suggested that Nile tilapia fingerlings fed diets containing the mixture of I g yeast, SC and 0.32, 0.64, 0.08 g of pepsin, papain and a-amylase, respectively 100 gdiet^-1, for 119 days had enhanced growth performance, diet utilization efficiency and hematological indices.

Effects of Humic Acid and Bread Yeast on Growth and Yield of Eggplant （Solanum melongena L.）

This study was carried out at the vegetable research field, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, during the growing season of 2009 using the eggplant local cultivar. And a factorial Randomized complete block design （F-RCBD）. The experiment consisted of two factors, the first was inoculations with and without humic acid, and the second factor was three levels of dry bread yeast （0.5, 10 gm/L）. The results revealed that the growth was significantly increased in term of plant height, branches number%, total chlorophyll and mineral content in leaves （N.P.K） and the yield in term of fruit number/plant, fruit weight （gm）, plant yield （gm/plant）, total yield （ton/hectare）, fruit length and fruit diameter. The interaction between humic acid and bread yeast was highly improved the growth and yield traits.

Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_(4))_(3) coated Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)O_(2) for enhancing electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries

Lithium(Li)-rich manganese(Mn)-based cathode Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)O_(2)(LRNCM)has attracted considerable attention owing to its high specific discharge capacity and low cost.However,unsatisfactory cycle performance and poor rate property hinder its large-scale application.The fast ionic conductor has been widely used as the cathode coating material because of its superior stability and excellent lithium-ion conductivity rate.In this study,Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)O_(2) is modified by using Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP)ionic conductor.The electrochemical test results show that the discharge capacity of the resulting LRNCM@LATP1 sample is 198 mA·h/g after 100 cycles at 0.2C,with a capacity retention of 81%.Compared with the uncoated pristine LRNCM(188.4 m A·h/g and 76%),LRNCM after the LATP modification shows superior cycle performance.Moreover,the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient D_(Li+)is a crucial factor affecting the rate performance,and the D_(Li+)of the LRNCM material is improved from 4.94×10^(-13) to 5.68×10^(-12)cm^(2)/s after modification.The specific capacity of LRNCM@LATP1 reaches 102.5 mA·h/g at 5C,with an improved rate performance.Thus,the modification layer can considerably enhance the electrochemical performance of LRNCM.