香道

据云"香道",是指享受香气、养身健体、凝气安神的一种高尚优雅的方法。

Double-Space-Cooperation Method for Increasing Channel Capacity

Shannon channel capacity theorem poses highest bit-rate of error free transmission over additive white Gaussian noise channel.In addition,he proved that there exists channel code that can theoretically achieve the channel capacity.Indeed fortunately,the latter researchers found some practical channel codes approaching the channel capacity with insignificant losses of spectral efficiency under ignorable bit error rate(BER).The authors note,in general,that bits of the channel codes are not independent of each other in code space.Further,we note that the modulated symbols are not independent among them,as well,in Euclidean Space.By exploiting a usage of the dependencies jointly to signal design,we can transmit two independent signal streams through an additive white Gaussian channel and separate them in Euclidean space at the receiver.The capacity of this approach is found larger than that of Shannon capacity in the same channel assumptions.The numerical results confirm the theoretical procedures.

Analysis of factors influencing moxibustion efficacy by affecting heat-activated transient receptor potential vanilloid channels

Moxibustion is an important component part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).Among different kinds of moxibustion methods,thermal stimulation seems to be a pivotal impact factor to the theraputic efficacy.Based on its thermal characteristic and treated area-skin,we hypothesize that the thermosensitive TRPV channels may involve in the mechanism of moxibustion.This study,by referring to various experimental and clinical data,analyzes the properties and features of transient receptor potential vanilloid(TRPV)subfamily 1-4 and the impact of moxibustion on these channels.The factors impacting the efficacy of moxibustion treatment were analyzed on three levels:the independent ba-sic factors of moxibustion(temperature,space and time);moxibustion intensity(a compound factor achieved through comprehensive control of the three individual basic factors mentioned above);and moxibustion quantity(the amount of temperature stimulation applied within a certain unit of time,including the total amount of moxibustion treatment).The results from present study show that the effect of moxibustion therapy appears to be determined by the activation of TRPV1-4,mainly TRPV1 and TRPV2.Temperature(the degree of heat stimulation),time and area(how long the treatment lasts and how many TRPV1-4 channels are activated)affect the intensity of moxibustion treatment to form effective moxibustion quantity;this should be considered in clinical moxibustion application.

Study of the nose event on 11 April 2002 with UBK method

Nose event,which names after the nose-like shape of structures in ion spectrograms observed by satellite in the inner magnetosphere,refers to the deep inward penetration of ions from magnetotail at discrete energy bands.Nose events have been studied extensively both with observations and simulations since first discovered in 1970s.In this study we use the UBK method to model the different L-shell penetration characteristics for a multi-band nose event observed by Cluster/CODIF on April 11,2002.The modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are generally smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for outbound crossing;the difference varies from 2.02 to 0.62 R E for different energy channels of H + bands and from 1.88 to 1.10 R E for O + band.The average difference is 1.46 R E.The separatrices for the inbound crossing are generally larger than those of outbound crossing and are more consistent with the observed L-shell penetration depths.The modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for 6.5-17.1 keV energy channels of H + bands but larger for 4.0-5.1 keV(due to closed banana orbits region) and 21.7-35.2 keV(due to energy increasing) energy channels of H + bands.For O + band,the difference between the modeled open-closed orbit separatrix and observed L-shell penetrations of 4.6 keV energy channel is larger(due to closed banana orbits region),the difference of 7.4 keV energy channel is smaller.The overall average difference is 0.043 R E for nose structures of inbound crossing.The discrepancies between the model and observation may come from the magnetic field and electric potential models we used.The formation of multi nose event and relations to the observed plasma flow vortices are discussed,the local intense E Y may relate to the formation of the observed multi nose structures.

Theoretical study of the charge carrier mobilities of the molecular materials tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 2,5-bis(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (BDH-TTP)

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is a kind of fused ring aromatic compound containing four sulfur atoms in one molecule, which is well known as a charge transport material. In order to calculate the charge mobility of this semiconductor, Marcus electron transfer theory and the embedded model, which can give small intramolecular reorganization energies, were employed. The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental values, so the above computing model is appropriate to assess the electrical property of TTF. On this basis, we predicted the charge mobility of 2,5-bis(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (BDH-TTP) crystals, for which the molecular structure is similar to TTF. The calculated results indicated that BDH-TTP is a p-type material, which has a better performance than TTF in hole transfer due to larger hole coupling and the smaller hole injection barrier. In addition, the direct coupling (DC) and the site energy correction (SEC) methods were used to calculate the charge transfer integrals. Although the results were slightly different, the qualitative trends were the same. Furthermore we took into account the anisotropic transfer properties of TTF and BDH-TTF, since obviously the mobilities along one dimension are larger than those along three dimensions. Finally, natural bond orbital analysis was used to study the interactions in all of the dimers.