生存困境与自我拯救——对今村昌平影片《鳗鱼》的存在主义解读

作为日本导演今村昌平最具代表性的作品,《鳗鱼》体现了鲜明的存在主义特征。影片展示了个体生命不断反抗困境、走向自我拯救的整个历程。同时,写实与梦幻交织的叙事技法又使这一过程得到了更加生动而引人注目的视觉演绎。借助《鳗鱼》这部电影,今村昌平不仅有力地刻画了日本的民族性格,更试图为所有陷入困惑与惶恐的当代人提供救赎之道。

A New Record of Anguillid Fish in Lancangjiang River,China:Anguilla bicolor

One specimen was collected from Lancangjiang River in Jinghong,China on August 1st,2006.It is identified as Anguilla bicolor McClelland,1844,a new record of Anguillidae species occurring in Lancangjiang River in China.It could be distinguished from other Anguilla species by the character as：dorsal-fin origin located above vent vertically.It is an active nocturnal forager,feeding largely on a diet of crustaceans and mollusks.

把人还给自己——从两部影片的比较看日本电影对人性的刻划

著名电影导演张艺谋有句名言:“把艺术还给世界,把世界还给人,把人还给自己。”一部人类社会的发展史和文化史,就是“人”

Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of eel genome

Eel family is a huge one, in which many kinds of eelsespecially some migratory eels, bear strong resemblance toeach other, and are therefOre difficult to be identified. Inthis study 29 random primers were used to make RAPDana1ysis for Japanese ee1 (Angui11ajaponica). European eel(Anguilla anguilla) and Pike eel (AIllrae1lesox cinereus).And totally 299 fragments were counted. Shared or spe-cific fragments were counted alld ge11etic similarity or ge-netic distance were calculated. The genetic similarity be-tween Japanese eel alld Pike eel is 0.68 and the geneticdistance between them is 0.32; those between Europeaneel and Pike eel are 0.72 and 0.28 respectively, and be-tween Japanese eel and Ellropean eel are 0.74 and 0.25 re-spectively. The method has been shown to be suitable tomolecular identification of eels. It provides an a1ternativeapproach to determine the relatiollship between species.

Seasonal shifts in the solute ion ratios of vadose zone rock moisture from the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory

One of the greatest challenges in critical zone studies is to document the moisture dynamics, water flux,and solute chemistry of the unsaturated, fractured and weathered bedrock that lies between the soil and groundwater table. The central impediment to quantifying this component of the subsurface is the difficulty associated with direct observations. Here, we report solute chemistry as a function of depth collected over a full year across the shale-derived vadose zone of the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory using a set of novel sub-horizontal wellbores,referred to as the vadose zone monitoring system. The results of this first geochemical glimpse into the deep vadose zone indicate a dynamic temporal and depth-resolved structure. Major cation concentrations reflect seasonal changes in precipitation and water saturation, and normalized ratios span the full range of values reported for the world's largest rivers.

Anguilliform Fish Propulsion of Highest Hydrodynamic Efficiency

It is hypothesized that steady anguilliform swimming motion of aquatic animals is purely reactive such that no net vortex wake is left downstream. This is versus carangiform and tunniform swimming of fish, where vortex streams are shed from tail, fins, and body. But there the animal movements are such to produce partial vortex cancellation downstream in maximizing propulsive efficiency. In anguilliform swimming characteristic of the eel family, it is argued that the swimming motions are configured by the animal such that vortex shedding does not occur at all. However, the propulsive thrust in this case is higher order in the motion amplitude, so that relatively large coils are needed to produce relatively small thrust; the speeds of anguilliform swimmers are less than the carangiform and tunniforrn, which develop first order thrusts via lifting processes. Results of experimentation on live lamprey are compared to theoretical prediction which assumes the no-wake hypothesis. Two-dimensional analysis is first performed to set the concept. This is followed by three-dimensional analysis using slender-body theory. Slender-body theory has been applied by others in studying anguilliform swimming, as it is ideally suited to the geometry of the lamprey and other eel-like animals. The agreement between this new approach based on the hypothesis of wakeless swimming and the experiments is remarkably good in spite of the physical complexities.

Distribution and Relationships of Seven Trace Elements （Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn） in Freshwater Fish from Five French Fishing Areas

The concentrations of seven essential trace elements in 149 freshwater fish from eight fish species （European eel, bream, common carp, European catfish, roach, perch, pike and pikeperch） from five different French fishing areas from contaminated and control sites were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion under pressure. Differences in the concentration of elements in the muscles of these species were examined and the mean levels were compared for each species with previous French and European studies. The condition factor and the differences between the control and contaminated sites and between predatory and non-predatory groups, with respect to the concentration of these elements, were also studied.

鳗鱼和狗鱼

日本北海首出产一种味道奇特的鳗鱼，海边渔村的许多渔民都以捕捞鱼为生。鳗鱼的生命非常脆弱，只要一离开深海区，要不了半天就会全部死亡。

是枝裕和,黑白之间

是枝裕和再一次,因戛纳而名声大噪。这个金棕榈奖,不仅对是枝裕和来说是莫大的肯定。对于亚洲电影,也很有振奋意义。要知道,亚洲三个电影大国里,中国电影史上唯一一座金棕榈来自《霸王别姬》,那是1993年的事了。日本最近一次夺得金棕榈,也是1997年今村昌平的《鳗鱼》,而韩国至今为止仍是一座金棕榈也没有。英国《卫报》对是枝裕和有过这样的评价：沉静、克制,却给观众足够的空间,去体味影像背后的深情。是枝裕和的处女作《幻之光》获得威尼斯电影节金奥塞拉奖,《无人知晓》获得戛纳电影节金棕榈奖提名,14岁的主演柳乐优弥更是打败梁朝伟成为史上最年轻的戛纳影帝。无疑,继黑泽明、小津安二郎、沟口健二等人之后,是枝裕和已经成为世界影坛上最耀眼的日本导演之一。作为小众文艺爱好者的身份象征,是枝裕和正在成为一种生活方式。