绝对好玩 将电影变为游戏——献给《Black Hawk Down》的Fans

去年．美国公映了一部趋向纪录片性质的电影《Black Hawk Down》(黑鹰坠落)，讲述的是1993年10月3日．由美国“三角洲特种部队”(Delta Force)和“第75游骑兵部队”(75th Ranger)

基于改进Black-Litterman模型的投资组合优化

考虑到金融市场“非完全有效性”且投资者“非完全理性”,通过贝叶斯框架建立了投资者观点与多渠道信息相结合的改进Black-Litterman模型,由此确定了最优的个性化投资策略.在中国股票市场的实证研究中,利用SVM-ARIMA-GARCH模型解决了投资者观点量化的问题.对比几类参考策略,改进Black-Litterman模型所确定的最优投资策略的样本外绩效表现更加稳健,在不同市场行情下均能获得较高的夏普比率和较低的换手率.

基于宏观因子的SVR-Black-Litterman资产配置模型及其实证研究

随着全球经济不稳定性的增强和我国利率市场化的深入推进,金融资产的波动性不断加剧,资产组合优化配置问题依然是金融投资理论研究和实务领域的核心问题。Black-Litterman模型因其解决了传统均值方差模型对参数敏感的问题,且允许将投资者观点融入模型中,已被广泛应用于资产配置实践中。然而投资者观点矩阵的确定一直是Black-Litterman模型理论和应用研究的难点。将宏观因子融入投资者观点矩阵,应用基于主成分分析法的支持向量回归(SVR)模型实现观点矩阵的估计,构建融入宏观因子的SVR-Black-Litterman资产配置模型。为检验模型的有效性,将该模型与经典模型进行比较。实证结果表明,所构建的模型具有较好的市场表现。

Black Garlic as an Antiviral for Herpes Simplex Virus-2 in Lung Cells

Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants than fresh garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death, DNA damage, and disease progression. In this study, black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and oxidative stress caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BGE. ROS-GloTM H2O2 assays were then completed to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated virus and cells. The results thus far suggest that BGE may inhibit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.

Generalized Newton’s Theory of Universal Gravitation and Black Holes

The Newton’s theory of universal gravitation is generalized. Significantly strong at short distances central interaction of bodies and particles is established in comparison with Newtonian. A connection is found with Black Holes, with the horizon of events. Possibility of systematization of all Black Holes is shown. An illustration is given on the example of Black Hole SgrA*.

Evaluation of Rhizobium tropici-Derived Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Selected Soil Properties, Seed Germination, and Growth of Black-Eyed Peas (Vigna unguiculata)

Rhizobium tropici-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been used in soils to enhance soil structures and mitigate soil erosions. However, information on their use to improve soil health and fertility indicators, and plant growth is limited. In a greenhouse study, we investigated their effects on some soil health, soil fertility indices, and the growth of black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculate). Results showed that soils incubated with EPS significantly increased basal soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POC), and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN). The EPS shifted microbial populations from bacteria to fungi and Gram (−ve) to Gram ( ve) bacteria. However, it had little or no effects on soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The EPS decreased soil moisture loss, increased soil aggregate stability, but delayed blacked-eyed peas germinations in the soils. At 0.1% (w/w) concentrations in soils, there was increase in plant root nodulations and vegetative growth. This study was carried out within 40 days of incubating soils with EPS or growing the black-eyed peas in a greenhouse study. The plant growth parameters were taken before flowering and fruiting. Further studies of the effects of incubating soils with the extracellular polymeric substances on plant growth. Soil microbial biomass, microbial diversities, and other soil fertility indices are deemed necessary.

Quantum Unruh Effect on Radiation of Black Holes

The quantum Unruh effect on radiation of a gravitational object including a black hole is analyzed and calculated. It is surprisingly found that the well-known Hawking radiation of a black hole is not physical. Applying the Stephan-Boltzmann law with the use of the Unruh radiation temperature at the surface of a black hole to calculate the power of radiation of the black hole is conceptually unphysical. This is because the Unruh radiation temperature results from the gravitational field of the object rather than from the thermal motion of matter of the object, so that the Stephan-Boltzmann law is not applicable. This paper shows that the emission power of Unruh radiation from a gravitational object should be calculated in terms of the rate of increase of the total Unruh radiation energy outside the object. The result obtained from this study indicates that a gravitational object can emit Unruh radiation when the variation of its mass and radius satisfies an inequality of dM/M > 1.25dR/R. For a black hole, the emission of Unruh radiation does not occur unless it can loose its mass (dM < 0). The emission power of Unruh radiation is only an extremely tiny part of the rate of mass-energy loss if the black hole is not extremely micro-sized. This study turns down our traditional understanding of the Hawking radiation and thermodynamics of black holes.

Black Hole Singularities and Planetary Formation

The goal of this research is to explore the effects of black hole singularities. Methodology is to start with large objects like galaxies and continue to smaller objects within our solar neighbourhood. High-redshift observations from the James Webb Space Telescope reveal that distant galaxies and their central black holes formed shortly after the Big Bang. An innovation about the speed of light explains how supermassive black holes could have formed primordially. Predictions of Hawking radiation include the possibility of black holes contributing to the energy of stars such as the Sun. Black holes have also been suggested as a source of radiation and magnetic fields in giant planets. Observations of Enceladus raise the possibility that this moon and other objects near Saturn’s Rings contain small singularities. Extrapolations of this methodology indicate that black holes could exist within solar system bodies including planets. Extended discussion describes how their presence could explain mysteries of internal heat, planetary magnetic fields, and processes of solar system formation.

On Our Peculiar Black Hole Universe

The black hole model of the Universe evolution, accompanied by matter creation, already successfully accounting for many features of the past is discussed and further justified. It is once more stressed that even a very large object but with a big mass is in its own right a black hole. As a consequence, the extrapolation of the past predicts for the future no big crunch, nor big bounce but a steady expansion with smaller matter density.

Application of Elzaki Transform Method to Market Volatility Using the Black-Scholes Model

Black-Scholes Model (B-SM) simulates the dynamics of financial market and contains instruments such as options and puts which are major indices requiring solution. B-SM is known to estimate the correct prices of European Stock options and establish the theoretical foundation for Option pricing. Therefore, this paper evaluates the Black-Schole model in simulating the European call in a cash flow in the dependent drift and focuses on obtaining analytic and then approximate solution for the model. The work also examines Fokker Planck Equation (FPE) and extracts the link between FPE and B-SM for non equilibrium systems. The B-SM is then solved via the Elzaki transform method (ETM). The computational procedures were obtained using MAPLE 18 with the solution provided in the form of convergent series.

Black Hole Complementarity in Terms of the Outsider and Insider Perspectives

A complementarity hypothesis concerning outsider and insider perspectives of a gargantuan black hole is proposed. The two thought experiments presented herein are followed by a brief discussion of a new interpretation of black hole interior “space-and-time-reversal”. Specifically, it is proposed that the “singularity” space of the black hole interior is time-like and the expansion time of the black hole interior is space-like. The resemblance of this new insider interpretation to our own expanding and redshifting big bang universe is compelling.

音乐录影带中情感表达的体认多模态隐喻建构——以Black or White音乐录影带为例

自20世纪90年代起,以Forceville为代表的一批国外学者开始着眼于多模态隐喻的研究,探讨图像、声音、语言等不同模态表征符号中的隐喻构建,研究范围涉及广告、漫画、手势、音乐和电影等,但选取MV为研究对象的却很少,尤其是从体认语言学角度研究的几乎没有。有鉴于此,文章选取美国歌手迈克尔·杰克逊以“反种族歧视”为主题的Black or White MV为语料,基于体认多模态隐喻理论,分析其中有关“骄傲”和“愤怒”情感的多模态隐喻建构。分析发现,在该MV中,“骄傲”和“愤怒”情感都涉及非语言听觉和视觉符号的隐喻建构。“骄傲”分别涉及“骄傲是高音”和“骄傲是向上的舞蹈动作”隐喻概念;“愤怒”分别涉及“愤怒是高音”和“愤怒是火”隐喻概念。这些非语言符号隐喻概念都是基于人们的身体体验和认知加工建构起来的,使信息接受主体的情感识解更直接、更快,甚至更强。

时间分数阶Black-Scholes方程的重心Lagrange插值配点法

针对欧式期权定价的时间分数阶Black-Scholes模型,设计一种重心Lagrange插值配点法格式.首先,采用Laplace变换近似Caputo型分数阶导数,将分数阶方程转化为整数阶方程;然后,在时-空方向上均采用重心Lagrange插值配点法进行离散,构造重心Lagrange插值配点法格式.结果表明:时间分数阶Black-Scholes方程的重心Lagrange插值配点法具有高精度和有效性.

Efficacy of Plant Extracts on Morphology and Cultural Characteristics of Bipolaris sorokiniana, Causing Black Point Disease of Wheat in Bangladesh

Black point of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) is very destructive disease of wheat in Bangladesh and all over the world. The symptoms of diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana can vary depending on the host plant and environmental conditions. The conidia of Bs germinate from two poles, which differ physiologically as indicated by the rate, growth character, of length, breadth and number of septa on different media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected plant extracts on the morphology and cultural characteristics of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana causing black point disease in wheat crops in Bangladesh. The efficacy of fifteen plant extracts on the growth and characteristics of Bs was conducted in vitro in 2019-2020. The treatments were: Untreated control, T1—Black berry Leaves, T2—Guava Leaves, T3—Lantena camera leaves, T4—Eucalyptus Leaves, T5— Turmeric Leaves, T6—Khoksha Leaves, T7—Papaya leaves, T8-Gurlic Bulb, T9—Chili dust, T10—Nigella seeds, T11—Turmeric dust, T12—Cloves, T13— Bohera fruits, T14—Black pepper and T15—Neem leaves. After 15 days of inoculation of Bipolaris sorokiniana, colony color and shapes were Gerrish blackish, greenish blackish, greyish blackish and shapes were round or irregular. In our study, conidia color was dark brown to light brown, conidiophore color was brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark olivaceous, light brown and conidia shapes were elliptical, oblong or slightly curved. The septation of conidia was 2 - 5 and highest septation was seen in T4 and T14 treatments. The highest conidial length was 17.79 μm recorded in T2 treatment and lowest was 6.62 μm T9 treatment where conidial breath was 8.27 μm in control and lowest was 3.79 μm in T8 treatment. Mycelial growth rate of Bipolaris sorokiniana was different in different treatments in different days after inoculation (DAI) where at 7 DAI, % reduction of mycelial growth over control was highest in Bohera and Neem Leaves treatments respectively.

Hawking Temperature and the Quantum Pressure of the Schwarzschild Black Hole

There is no term for pressure ( P∇V) in the first law of black hole thermodynamics. To address this question, we study the first law of black hole thermodynamics and derive an expression for it. We report that this pressure corresponds to the Hawking temperature and is inversely proportional to the quartic of the Schwarzschild radius. It implies that a lighter and smaller black hole exerts more pressure on its surrounding environment. It might shed light on the other thermodynamic aspects of the black hole.

Study on Breeding Practices and Reproductive Performance of Black-Head Somali Sheep under Traditional Management System: The Case of Awbarre District, Eastern Ethiopia

The study was conducted in the Awbarre district of the Fafen zone of the Somali regional state of Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to assess the breeding practices and reproductive performance of Black-head Somali sheep under a traditional management system. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select targeted kebeles and households, respectively. A total of 120 households were selected from four kebeles, each of 30 households, based on the production system and sheep population. Semi-structured questionnaires, group discussions, key informants interviews and field observations were used to generate the required data. The primary purpose of keeping sheep was for income generation, followed by saving as a future asset. The majority (89.2%) of the respondents separated male and female animals during herding. The selection criteria for breeding rams were appearance, growth, pedigree, and color while for breeding ewes were appearance, adaptability, pedigree, color, and lamb growth. The overall weaning age of Black-head Somali sheep in the study area was 3.7 months for both males & females. The castration of male sheep was common for the purpose of fattening, fattening with breeding control and breeding control as well. The castration is mainly performed during the summer and autumn and the methods of castration were both traditional and modern methods, the traditional castration method being the most important one in pastoral areas. The age of sexual maturity was 7.64 months for rams and 8.97 months for ewe’s male and female lambs in the pastoral area and 8.42 & 8.38 for rams & ewes in agro-pastoral and overall lambing interval was 11 months. On average, the ewe of Black-head Somali sheep in pastoral & agro-pastoral could produce 9.49 & 9.57 lambs, respectively in their lifetime. As the pastoralists and agro-pastoralists indicated the source of the breeding ram was their own, so the exchange of breeding ram is recommended to minimize the risk of inbreeding and further studies of on-farm performance investigation would be necessary to be carried out so as to understand the uniqueness of the breed better.

The Spatial Patterns of Road Traffic Crash Black Spots and Emergency Facilities in Federal Capital City

This study aimed at determining the spatial patterns of Road Traffic Crash (RTC) black spots, Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) zebra points and emergency health care facilities in Federal Capital City (FCC). The aim was to provide stakeholders with information that will aid their understanding of accident prone locations and accessible rescue possibilities for accident victims on the roads in FCT. GPS Map 76S Mark (GARMIN) was used to locate and pick coordinates of data in the study area. A total of 16 possible emergency health care facilities, seventy (70) RTC black spots and Five Zebra point locations were obtained from FRSC. ArcGIS 10.0 was used to compute the data by plotting the coordinates to produce maps of the spatial relationship and to carry out Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA). The result was further used to determine the spatial patterns of RTC black spots as well as patterns of the emergency facilities. Generally, the result shows that the spatial trend is turning towards dispersion. However, there is less than 1% likelihood that the dispersed patterns could be the result of random chance. It was recommended that, the Federal Road Safety Commission should be staffed with trained professionals that can be responsible for accident data surveillance and analysis using geospatial techniques.

Black Holes and the Third Law of Thermodynamics Revisited

Black holes contradict the Nernst-Planck (N/P) version of the 3rd law of thermodynamics, but agree with its unattainability (U) version. This happens without contradiction, because the N/P and U versions are not equivalent, namely, N/P implies U but U does not imply N/P. So, black holes obey the weaker version of the 3rd law, but not the stronger one.

Inconsistency of General Relativity Predictions for the Universe Expansion vs. the Black Hole Model

A consistency argument proves that the General Relativity predictions of a time power law decelerated Universe expansion in the matter dominated era to be untenable by more than an order of magnitude. This questions the usual matter conservation law and supports the black hole approach which predicts continuous matter creation for the expanding black hole we are living in. The role of homogeneity in the equations for gravity and its consequences in this respect are discussed. Further arguments in favour of the black hole model are presented.

Adiabaticity Violated Not Enough: Presume Primordial Black Holes to Generate Gravitons for Cosmological Constant, as Candidate for DE Initially

Instant preheating as given in terms of window where adiabaticity is violated is a completely inefficient form of particle production if we use Padmandabhan scalar potentials. This necessitates using a very different mechanism for early universe gravition production as an example which is to break up the initial “mass” formed about 1060 times Planck mass into graviton emitting 105 gram sized micro black holes. The mechanism is to assume that we have a different condition than the usual adiabaticity idea which is connected with reheating of the universe. Hence, we will be looking at an earlier primordial black hole generation for generation of gravitons.