It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems kn...It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems known as PPAD (Polynomial Parity Argument on Directed graphs), for which no polynomial-time solution methods are known, even for two-player games. This paper demonstrates that in fixed-sum two-player games (including zero-sum games), the Nash equilibrium forms a convex set, and has a unique expected payoff. Furthermore, these equilibria are Pareto optimal. Additionally, it is shown that the Nash equilibrium of fixed-sum two-player games can theoretically be found in polynomial time using the principal-dual interior point method, a solution method of linear programming.展开更多
为解决日趋严重的工业控制系统(industrial control system,ICS)信息安全问题,提出一种针对工业控制网络的非参数累积和(cumulative sum,CUSUM)入侵检测方法.利用ICS输入决定输出的特性,建立ICS的数学模型预测系统的输出,一旦控制系统...为解决日趋严重的工业控制系统(industrial control system,ICS)信息安全问题,提出一种针对工业控制网络的非参数累积和(cumulative sum,CUSUM)入侵检测方法.利用ICS输入决定输出的特性,建立ICS的数学模型预测系统的输出,一旦控制系统的传感器遭受攻击,实际输出信号将发生改变.在每个时刻,计算工业控制模型的预测输出与传感器测量信号的差值,形成基于时间的统计序列,采用非参数CUSUM算法,实现在线检测入侵并报警.仿真检测实验证明,该方法具有良好的实时性和低误报率.选择适当的非参数CUSUM算法参数τ和β,该入侵检测方法不但能在攻击对控制系统造成实质伤害前检测出攻击,还对监测ICS中的误操作有一定帮助.展开更多
A new multi-target filtering algorithm, termed as the Gaussian sum probability hypothesis density （GSPHD） filter, is proposed for nonlinear non-Gaussian tracking models. Provided that the initial prior intensity of ...A new multi-target filtering algorithm, termed as the Gaussian sum probability hypothesis density （GSPHD） filter, is proposed for nonlinear non-Gaussian tracking models. Provided that the initial prior intensity of the states is Gaussian or can be identified as a Gaussian sum, the analytical results of the algorithm show that the posterior intensity at any subsequent time step remains a Gaussian sum under the assumption that the state noise, the measurement noise, target spawn intensity, new target birth intensity, target survival probability, and detection probability are all Gaussian sums. The analysis also shows that the existing Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density （GMPHD） filter, which is unsuitable for handling the non-Gaussian noise cases, is no more than a special case of the proposed algorithm, which fills the shortage of incapability of treating non-Gaussian noise. The multi-target tracking simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed GSPHD.展开更多
文摘It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems known as PPAD (Polynomial Parity Argument on Directed graphs), for which no polynomial-time solution methods are known, even for two-player games. This paper demonstrates that in fixed-sum two-player games (including zero-sum games), the Nash equilibrium forms a convex set, and has a unique expected payoff. Furthermore, these equilibria are Pareto optimal. Additionally, it is shown that the Nash equilibrium of fixed-sum two-player games can theoretically be found in polynomial time using the principal-dual interior point method, a solution method of linear programming.
文摘为解决日趋严重的工业控制系统(industrial control system,ICS)信息安全问题,提出一种针对工业控制网络的非参数累积和(cumulative sum,CUSUM)入侵检测方法.利用ICS输入决定输出的特性,建立ICS的数学模型预测系统的输出,一旦控制系统的传感器遭受攻击,实际输出信号将发生改变.在每个时刻,计算工业控制模型的预测输出与传感器测量信号的差值,形成基于时间的统计序列,采用非参数CUSUM算法,实现在线检测入侵并报警.仿真检测实验证明,该方法具有良好的实时性和低误报率.选择适当的非参数CUSUM算法参数τ和β,该入侵检测方法不但能在攻击对控制系统造成实质伤害前检测出攻击,还对监测ICS中的误操作有一定帮助.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60572023)
文摘A new multi-target filtering algorithm, termed as the Gaussian sum probability hypothesis density （GSPHD） filter, is proposed for nonlinear non-Gaussian tracking models. Provided that the initial prior intensity of the states is Gaussian or can be identified as a Gaussian sum, the analytical results of the algorithm show that the posterior intensity at any subsequent time step remains a Gaussian sum under the assumption that the state noise, the measurement noise, target spawn intensity, new target birth intensity, target survival probability, and detection probability are all Gaussian sums. The analysis also shows that the existing Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density （GMPHD） filter, which is unsuitable for handling the non-Gaussian noise cases, is no more than a special case of the proposed algorithm, which fills the shortage of incapability of treating non-Gaussian noise. The multi-target tracking simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed GSPHD.
