The Relationship between Religious Belief and Agricultural Production of the Miao People

Religious belief is an important part of the Miao People culture.The agricultural economic situation in the Miao region is an essential factor for determining the generation and development of its religious belief.Religious belief also has a tremendous impact on the agricultural production of the Miao people.This paper summarized the religious belief form and the agricultural situation of Miao People,and analyzed the relationship between the religious belief and agricultural production of Miao People.

Hill Dwellers Climb Cultural Mountain——Miao people record their identity and history in eco-museum

Instead of running away, she stood to attention with arms akimbo and gave a serious smile. The giant wooden basket on her back almost made her fall as she tried to straighten her body. When I raised the camera, Yang Jiaxiu was walking along a narrow, muddy mountain path in a virgin fir forest, carrying about 50 kilograms of water. She twisted her body to pour the water into a large tank when she finally arrived at her house. Then the Miao woman put down the

Sense of Happiness of Left-behind Elderly People in the Context of Rural Labor Transfer——A Case Study of Guizhou Province

Through questionnaires and interviews,this paper surveyed and studied the sense of happiness of 187 left-behind elderly people in Guizhou. The results show that in the context of the rural labor transfer,the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people is generally low.There are many influencing factors and complex causes. Through analysis,it is found that transfer of family labor has a great impact on the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people. Finally,it came up with some pertinent recommendations for raising the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people.

贵州省剑河县苗族柳利式女装特征及变迁研究

苗族柳利式女性盛装是贵州省剑河地区颇具特色的支系服饰之一,以拼接大片红色刺绣为典型特征。本文依托服饰样本,采用实证研究法和田野调查法,结合相关文献从形制、造型、纹样、色彩等层面梳理盛装的表征特色,从而解读其服饰文化和历史成因,并梳理其演变发展过程,分析其变迁原因。研究表明,苗族柳利式女性盛装的历史变迁与自然环境、社会经济、文化传承、民族交流等密切相关,同时现今的发展受到工业技术、网络市场、多样审美等因素影响。

黔东南苗族动物纹样在图形设计中的应用研究

黔东南苗族动物纹样在传统文化中具有鲜明的民族特色,其纹样保存至今依旧保持着古朴的样式和风格,对于现代学者研究苗族文化具有极高的参考价值和意义。本文旨在探讨形状文法理论在黔东南苗族动物纹样设计中的创新应用研究,通过对苗族纹样的深入调查和研究,引用形状文法的基本理论和规则对黔东南苗族动物纹样进行提取、构建,最后对纹样的基本图形进行演变组合形成新的图形样式,再将新的纹样应用在丝巾等文创产品设计上,使得苗族纹样以另一种的方式传承和发展。

Poverty Alleviation by Helping the Disabled in Impoverished Mountainous Areas of Western China:Taking Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County in Yunnan Province as an Example

Disabled people are the poorest in the rural poor with the biggest difficulty in getting rid of poverty and the highest rate of returning to poverty.They are one of the key groups in rural poverty alleviation work.This is the key and difficult point of winning the fight against poverty.Luquan County is a national poverty-stricken county with a large number of disabled people.Since the implementation of the fight against poverty in 2016,the county has introduced a series of policies and measures to help the disabled to get rid of poverty from housing,medical care,schooling for children of the disabled and income increase,and good results have been achieved in poverty alleviation,making important contributions to the poverty alleviation of the county.Based on field research and interviews,this paper analyzes and condenses the specific practices,main results and successful experience of the poverty alleviation model in Luquan County,Yunnan Province to provide necessary reference for the targeted poverty alleviation by helping the disabled in Yunnan Province and other provinces.

The Value of the Miao People’s Traditional Ecological Knowledge for a Solution to Rocky Desertification in Mashan

There are many branches of the Miao people in China, one of which is the Mashan Miao, who have been living in karst mountainous areas in southwest Guizhou Province. The Mashan Miao have adopted various measures for the conservation and effective utilization of the local ecological system and have made great achievements in this area. From the 1950s, their social environment has changed a lot due to political and economic movements. The rocky desertification in the Mashan area has gradually expanded. After the 1990s, relief work was carried out to address the desertification problem, but it was not very effective. We have been doing fieldwork in this area for more than 20 years and from our fieldwork records, we have found that the local Miao people have traditional ecological knowledge and skills that are of irreplaceable valuable for finding a solution for rocky desertification. Using the Miao knowledge we think a feasible way to control this disaster can be found.

融合可拓语义与形状文法的蜡染图案重用方法

针对目前蜡染图案创新较少以及生成图案生硬的问题,提出解决方案。结合可拓语义和形状文法的蜡染图案重用方法。首先,对蜡染语料进行词频分析,以专家匹配的形式提取图案语义,分析最具有设计价值的语义词汇;其次,通过对蜡染语义进行图解分析,评估词汇的辨识度以及其在设计应用中的价值,以确定图解的最大可拓展范围。最后,将图案分解为设计因子,以形状文法进行变换获得创新图案设计。得到具有蜡染语义特征的创新设计方案。该方法能够有效转化贵州蜡染的语义特征,并将其应用于示范性创新,为非物质文化遗产创新提供方法。

贵州蔡家人7项不对称行为特征

目的:探讨贵州蔡家人不对称行为特征的分布特点及其遗传关联性。方法:采用遗传学界公认的调查方法,对420例(男212例,女208例)生活在贵州大方和织金县的蔡家人7项不对称行为特征(扣手、惯用手、优势足、优势眼、交叉臂、交叉腿、起步类型)进行调查。结果:贵州蔡家人7项不对称行为特征的右型出现率均高于左型,性别间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);惯用手与优势足、优势眼、交叉腿、起步类型,优势足与交叉腿、起步类型,优势眼与交叉臂,交叉臂与起步类型,交叉腿与起步类型之间存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论:贵州蔡家人7项不对称行为特征均以右型为主,性别间差异不明显,特征间具有一定的遗传关联性。

民国时期中国“苗图”研究探析

中国“苗图”是明清以来由官方编纂或私人纂修的中国西南民族图志,图文并茂地呈现了中国西南少数民族的样貌、服饰、地理分布、生产生活方式、民风民俗等众多内容,是人类学、民族学研究的珍稀资料,具有很高的学术价值。民国时期中国“苗图”的研究成果主要有刘咸的《苗图考略》和林耀华的《贵州苗民》。二者均注重对研究内容的科学化、准确化表达,以白描式陈述为主,理论性不强,但在一定程度上体现了研究者融贯中西学的国际视野和“求学致用”的学术志向,可为当前方兴未艾的“苗图”研究提供启示。

区隔与重构:《贵州山民图》中的民族边缘意识

《贵州山民图》是庞薰琹抗战时期所创作的民族主题系列组画。《贵州山民图》以庞薰琹在贵州苗族地区的民族学考察为创作契机,以苗族人民的生活劳作为题材,详细描绘了苗民的衣饰花纹,从而突出了苗族较汉族的“异质性”。但在表现形式上,庞薰琹采用中国传统水墨笔法表现苗族群体,为苗民形象增添了文人意味,使汉、苗两族的艺术风格得以有效结合,反映出民国时期民族边缘的重构过程。因此,《贵州山民图》既强调了汉民族的主体地位,又折射出少数民族的汉化历程,是民国时期整体国族观念下的产物。庞薰琹以绘画的形式将民族研究成果直观化、视觉化,为中国近代民族学发展提供了与艺术相关的新思路,使此时的民族学研究更为全面多样。

基于贵州苗族文化背景下地域化建筑设计研究

随着经济的全球化,城市建筑出现了趋同性。以贵州苗族建筑项目案例分析着手,通过对苗族居住环境、民居建筑、银饰、服饰、音乐和装饰等文化元素的提取和应用,得出地域文化在现代建筑设计中的设计表达方式,为贵州今后的苗族地域化建筑设计提供借鉴和参考。

共同富裕目标下社区主导乡村旅游发展的逻辑与出路——以贵州省黔东南郎德苗寨为例

从历史制度主义视角,以贵州省黔东南郎德苗寨为案例,通过深入访谈与田野调查的方法,剖析郎德苗寨旅游参与“工分制”的起源、长存逻辑以及未来变革方向,引申社区主导乡村旅游发展的共富逻辑与出路。结果表明:郎德苗寨的文化逻辑与社会基础形塑了“工分制”,而历史关键节点决定为何选择了“工分制”。保障居民参与权的“工分制”难以规避“偷懒”而被诟病,却在郎德苗寨延存至今,是回报递增强化了“工分制”的制度惯性,且作为社区制度中的一部分,“工分制”又镶嵌在制度网络结构中形成关联依赖,产生体制锁定,两者的共同作用决定了“工分制”得以长存。从人力资本特征看,“工分制”本身是有效率的,只是社区内部群体分化与外部环境变迁加剧了路径偏离,制度变迁更倾向于选择坚持村寨传统价值理念的共同富裕路径。

贵州苗族传统文化造物的童帽艺术研究

苗族传统文化思想影响着生活中造物。文章以贵州黔东南苗族村落为调研对象,了解苗族文化中不仅有着繁衍生命、多子多孙的生殖崇拜,更有着重视佑护子孙长大成人的美好寓意。庇护幼童的文化行为主要表现为民风民俗的造物行为。这类造物行为主要涉及服饰、器具等方面,以此形成苗族文化造物的多个类型。内容以苗族宗教信仰为线索,一是阐述苗族“佑子观”的形成及三种主要的传统造物类型;二是以苗族孩童头帽作为样本对象,寻访民间制作人,并通过图纹、材料、形制、刺绣针法等分析头帽的传统制作工艺;三是表明苗族“佑子观”的深层意蕴下现今苗族孩童童帽的概貌。

织金县苗族射弩的历史源流、价值彰显与纾解路径

文章运用文献研究法、历史研究法、逻辑思辨法等研究方法,以贵州织金县苗族射弩为例,就苗族射弩的历史源流、价值彰显、发展困境进行梳理,并对其未来发展纾解路径进行探索性研究。分析得出织金苗族射弩具有丰富业余生活、强身健体、促进经济增长、拓宽教育、增进民族认同、推动文化交流、保留历史痕迹等价值。现实困境:苗族射弩“边缘化”;现代化进程中缺乏民族文化认同导致传承人流失;西方竞技体育文化的涌入导致苗族射弩被冷落;学校体育教育的现代化价值取向导致传承路径中断。基于此,提出政府监管、文化自觉、体旅结合和教育传承等发展策略。

贵州苗族鼓舞的文化特征和社会功能

对苗族舞蹈的研究不应该采取纯粹审美的角度,而应该重视舞蹈与其文化之间的内在关联。就贵州苗族鼓舞而言,它受到苗族祭祀文化、迁徙文化、山地文化、农耕文化的影响,是苗族文化的具象化表现。贵州苗族鼓舞具有强烈的功利性的特点,具体表现为苗族人通过鼓舞达成“祈祷美好生活”“强化族群认同”“传承文化习俗”以及“消遣娱乐”的目的。

湘黔交界区苗族传统民居平面类型及其影响因子研究

文章以湘黔交界区内苗族传统民居为研究对象,通过系统性调查和实地测绘,以堂屋空间形态及堂室组合关系为依据进行平面类型划分,揭示苗族传统民居对地域自然与人文环境的适应性表达。进一步分析了苗族传统民居的接地方式、祭祀空间、火塘间等造成民居平面类型差异的因子特征及作用机制,以期维持民族建筑文化生态的多样性,为乡村新民居的建设集聚能量。