Elymus duthiei(Melderis)G.Singh,newly recorded from Xizang,China,is described and illustrated in detail.Morphologically,the species is similar to E.anthosachnoides(Keng)Á.Löve ex B.R.Lu and E.glaberrimus(Ken...Elymus duthiei(Melderis)G.Singh,newly recorded from Xizang,China,is described and illustrated in detail.Morphologically,the species is similar to E.anthosachnoides(Keng)Á.Löve ex B.R.Lu and E.glaberrimus(Keng&S.L.Chen)S.L.Chen but differs from the former in height and diameter of culms,number of nodes,width of leaf blades,and type of trichome and size of spikelets,and from the latter in distribution,height of culms,type of trichome of spikelets,and awn length.Detailed photo plates,descriptions,and distribution data are provided.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to investigate the difference in microscopic features of pollen grain and stoma of four triticeae species, as well as the relationship between the sizes of pollen grain and stoma, and the ch...[Objective] This study was to investigate the difference in microscopic features of pollen grain and stoma of four triticeae species, as well as the relationship between the sizes of pollen grain and stoma, and the chromosome ploidy. [Method] Comparison of the micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and leaf epiderm among diaploid Thinopyrum elongatum, Elytrigia intermedia, hexaploid Triticum aestivum and octoploid Tritielytrigia types were carried out by observation under scanning electronic microscope(SEM). [Result] There were some differences among the four species in the micro-morphology, the size, the surface protuberance, the germ pore of pollen grain and the leaf epidermal stoma, in which diploid Thinopyrum elongatum was obviously different from the other three. Diploid, hexaploid and octoploid species of triticeae had remarkable differences in micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and stoma. However, some differences between hexaploid species and octoploid species were not significant. [Conclusion] Some microscopic characteristics of pollen grain and stoma could be used as the evidence to identify diaploid, hexaploid and octoploid spieces whose chromosome ploidy are hugely different.展开更多
Wheat, triticale, tritordeum, barley, oat and rye are the most important crops in human consumptions and industry in the world. Transformation technology supplies a new source of improving Triticeae crops. In the past...Wheat, triticale, tritordeum, barley, oat and rye are the most important crops in human consumptions and industry in the world. Transformation technology supplies a new source of improving Triticeae crops. In the past decade, transformation of wheat crops has considerably progressed. Many transgenic plants of Triticeae crops with various genes were produced via nricroprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, PEG-uptake DNA technique, electroporation, microinjection, injection inflorescence and silicone carbide. Integration and expression of transgenes, inheritance and variation of transgenic plants have been studied. Technical improvements of genetic transformation for wheat crops will be extensively useful in commerce and benefit significantly to human being in the world.展开更多
TILLING(Targeting induced local lesions in genomes,定向诱导基因组局部突变技术)是一种高通量的等位变异创制和突变体快速鉴定技术,其实质是将传统的化学诱变方法和突变的高效筛选有效结合的反向遗传学研究方法。其技术原理是将传...TILLING(Targeting induced local lesions in genomes,定向诱导基因组局部突变技术)是一种高通量的等位变异创制和突变体快速鉴定技术,其实质是将传统的化学诱变方法和突变的高效筛选有效结合的反向遗传学研究方法。其技术原理是将传统的酶切技术与PCR技术相结合后采用红外双色荧光系统进行结果鉴定,从而筛选出相应的突变体。传统的TILLING技术主要用于筛选由人工诱导产生的突变体。Ecotilling技术由TILL-ING技术延伸而来,主要用于鉴定自然界中已经存在的突变体,其与传统的TILLING技术的区别主要为构建DNA池时略有差异。随着该项技术在拟南芥等模式植物中的成功应用,越来越多的人开始将其用于基因组较大的植物之中。本文对近年来TILLING技术在麦类作物中的应用进行了分析,并通过比较不同植物突变体库中的突变频率发现,经EMS处理的小麦等麦类作物突变体库中的突变频率显著高于其他植物,因此相信,TILLING技术将会作为一种常规手段在麦类作物尤其是普通小麦改良中得到越来越广泛的应用。展开更多
文摘Elymus duthiei(Melderis)G.Singh,newly recorded from Xizang,China,is described and illustrated in detail.Morphologically,the species is similar to E.anthosachnoides(Keng)Á.Löve ex B.R.Lu and E.glaberrimus(Keng&S.L.Chen)S.L.Chen but differs from the former in height and diameter of culms,number of nodes,width of leaf blades,and type of trichome and size of spikelets,and from the latter in distribution,height of culms,type of trichome of spikelets,and awn length.Detailed photo plates,descriptions,and distribution data are provided.
基金Supported by Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period(2006BAD02A08-9)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(06230105)+1 种基金Program of Science and Technology from Education Department of Hebei Province(2006425)the Science and Technology Re-search and Development Program of Tangshan City(08120201A-8)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to investigate the difference in microscopic features of pollen grain and stoma of four triticeae species, as well as the relationship between the sizes of pollen grain and stoma, and the chromosome ploidy. [Method] Comparison of the micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and leaf epiderm among diaploid Thinopyrum elongatum, Elytrigia intermedia, hexaploid Triticum aestivum and octoploid Tritielytrigia types were carried out by observation under scanning electronic microscope(SEM). [Result] There were some differences among the four species in the micro-morphology, the size, the surface protuberance, the germ pore of pollen grain and the leaf epidermal stoma, in which diploid Thinopyrum elongatum was obviously different from the other three. Diploid, hexaploid and octoploid species of triticeae had remarkable differences in micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and stoma. However, some differences between hexaploid species and octoploid species were not significant. [Conclusion] Some microscopic characteristics of pollen grain and stoma could be used as the evidence to identify diaploid, hexaploid and octoploid spieces whose chromosome ploidy are hugely different.
文摘Wheat, triticale, tritordeum, barley, oat and rye are the most important crops in human consumptions and industry in the world. Transformation technology supplies a new source of improving Triticeae crops. In the past decade, transformation of wheat crops has considerably progressed. Many transgenic plants of Triticeae crops with various genes were produced via nricroprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, PEG-uptake DNA technique, electroporation, microinjection, injection inflorescence and silicone carbide. Integration and expression of transgenes, inheritance and variation of transgenic plants have been studied. Technical improvements of genetic transformation for wheat crops will be extensively useful in commerce and benefit significantly to human being in the world.
文摘TILLING(Targeting induced local lesions in genomes,定向诱导基因组局部突变技术)是一种高通量的等位变异创制和突变体快速鉴定技术,其实质是将传统的化学诱变方法和突变的高效筛选有效结合的反向遗传学研究方法。其技术原理是将传统的酶切技术与PCR技术相结合后采用红外双色荧光系统进行结果鉴定,从而筛选出相应的突变体。传统的TILLING技术主要用于筛选由人工诱导产生的突变体。Ecotilling技术由TILL-ING技术延伸而来,主要用于鉴定自然界中已经存在的突变体,其与传统的TILLING技术的区别主要为构建DNA池时略有差异。随着该项技术在拟南芥等模式植物中的成功应用,越来越多的人开始将其用于基因组较大的植物之中。本文对近年来TILLING技术在麦类作物中的应用进行了分析,并通过比较不同植物突变体库中的突变频率发现,经EMS处理的小麦等麦类作物突变体库中的突变频率显著高于其他植物,因此相信,TILLING技术将会作为一种常规手段在麦类作物尤其是普通小麦改良中得到越来越广泛的应用。
