Introduction: Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are one spectrum of rare cutaneous neoplasms that typically arise in sun-exposed skin of older population. AFX/PDS is essentially diagnos...Introduction: Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are one spectrum of rare cutaneous neoplasms that typically arise in sun-exposed skin of older population. AFX/PDS is essentially diagnosis of exclusion requiring Immunohistochemical work-up to exclude other types of tumors. Case Report: We present a case involving an ulcerated solitary lesion on the scalp of an elderly man. Histological examination revealed that the dermal tumor was composed of large pleomorphic, epithelioid, and spindle cells with clear cytoplasm. These cells were negative for cytokeratins, melanocytes and smooth muscle markers, but positive for CD10. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of clear cell (CC) PDS. Conclusion: PDS is a low-grade malignancy that can recur locally and metastasize, which is distinguished from AFX by its larger size and the presence of aggressive histopathologic features including deeper invasion into the subcutaneous tissue, tumor necrosis, and lymphovascular and/or perineural involvement. Among several histopathologic variants, the CC variant is extremely rare with only two cases of PDS reported in the literature to date.展开更多
近年来,随着我国电力现货市场和碳市场的逐步完善,如何更好地实现电力现货市场和碳市场深度耦合,推进电碳市场向竞争市场发展已经成为一个新的研究重点。该文提出了一个考虑碳交易的电力现货市场出清多阶段优化模型,并对该模型下的电力...近年来,随着我国电力现货市场和碳市场的逐步完善,如何更好地实现电力现货市场和碳市场深度耦合,推进电碳市场向竞争市场发展已经成为一个新的研究重点。该文提出了一个考虑碳交易的电力现货市场出清多阶段优化模型,并对该模型下的电力现货市场均衡问题进行了分析。在模型的第一阶段,建立了市场机组碳配额分配模型;在第二阶段引入阶梯碳交易机制,结合各机组的碳配额,建立考虑电能量成本最小和阶梯碳交易成本最小的电力现货市场出清模型;在第三阶段,结合前两个阶段确定的各机组碳配额和中标信息,建立以电能量成本最小为目标的电价追踪模型和机组碳成本计算模型。最后将该文模型在改进的PJM5节点系统(Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland 5-bus power grid)上实现,并从出清结果和市场均衡结果两个方面验证了模型的有效性。结果表明,该文所提模型能够实现市场出清经济目标与低碳目标之间的平衡,能够在不增加电碳耦合总成本的基础上实现最大的碳减排量,同时通过增强发电机组参与市场竞争的主观能动性,降低了用户侧用电成本。展开更多
文摘Introduction: Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are one spectrum of rare cutaneous neoplasms that typically arise in sun-exposed skin of older population. AFX/PDS is essentially diagnosis of exclusion requiring Immunohistochemical work-up to exclude other types of tumors. Case Report: We present a case involving an ulcerated solitary lesion on the scalp of an elderly man. Histological examination revealed that the dermal tumor was composed of large pleomorphic, epithelioid, and spindle cells with clear cytoplasm. These cells were negative for cytokeratins, melanocytes and smooth muscle markers, but positive for CD10. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of clear cell (CC) PDS. Conclusion: PDS is a low-grade malignancy that can recur locally and metastasize, which is distinguished from AFX by its larger size and the presence of aggressive histopathologic features including deeper invasion into the subcutaneous tissue, tumor necrosis, and lymphovascular and/or perineural involvement. Among several histopathologic variants, the CC variant is extremely rare with only two cases of PDS reported in the literature to date.
文摘近年来,随着我国电力现货市场和碳市场的逐步完善,如何更好地实现电力现货市场和碳市场深度耦合,推进电碳市场向竞争市场发展已经成为一个新的研究重点。该文提出了一个考虑碳交易的电力现货市场出清多阶段优化模型,并对该模型下的电力现货市场均衡问题进行了分析。在模型的第一阶段,建立了市场机组碳配额分配模型;在第二阶段引入阶梯碳交易机制,结合各机组的碳配额,建立考虑电能量成本最小和阶梯碳交易成本最小的电力现货市场出清模型;在第三阶段,结合前两个阶段确定的各机组碳配额和中标信息,建立以电能量成本最小为目标的电价追踪模型和机组碳成本计算模型。最后将该文模型在改进的PJM5节点系统(Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland 5-bus power grid)上实现,并从出清结果和市场均衡结果两个方面验证了模型的有效性。结果表明,该文所提模型能够实现市场出清经济目标与低碳目标之间的平衡,能够在不增加电碳耦合总成本的基础上实现最大的碳减排量,同时通过增强发电机组参与市场竞争的主观能动性,降低了用户侧用电成本。
文摘目的:透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤(clear cell papillary renal cell tumor,CCPRCT)是一种少见但重要的肾肿瘤类型,与其他肾细胞肿瘤具有类似的形态学特征,易导致误诊。本研究旨在探讨CCPRCT的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断要点,以提高其病理诊断的准确性。方法:收集15例CCPRCT患者,观察其临床及影像学特点,分析其镜下形态、免疫表型,并复习相关文献。结果:15例患者中,男10例,女5例,年龄为(54±17)岁,10例患者肿瘤位于左肾,5例患者肿瘤位于右肾。组织学上肿瘤均由增厚的纤维囊包裹,并局限于肾实质内;肿瘤细胞排列成乳头状、管状、囊状、腺泡及实性等结构;乳头由小到中等大小、透明细胞质的单层细胞组成,肿瘤均为世界卫生组织/国际泌尿病理学会(World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology,WHO/ISUP)1级或2级;细胞核反极性分布,即核上移,靠近腔面,远离基底,类似鲨鱼牙齿排列。免疫组织化学染色显示:细胞角蛋白7、碳酸酐酶9(carbonic anhydrase 9,CA9)和高分子量细胞角蛋白(34βE12)均为阳性表达;α甲基酰基辅酶A消旋酶、CD117、转录因子E3均为阴性表达;CCPRCT中典型的CA9表现方式是“U型”着色,即腔缘不表达,基底和侧面表达。患者术后随访均未见复发或转移。结论:CCPRCT是一种惰性肾细胞肿瘤,预后好,临床可能存在过诊断,其形态学为特征性的核朝向腔缘的线性排列,特殊的免疫表型CA9呈“U型”阳性,可以与其他肾细胞肿瘤区分开来,但仍然需要积累更多患者来阐释其预后。
