现代汉语方言“采摘类词”的共时差异及其成因、整合

汉语方言中＂采摘类词＂的主导成员数量有限,其差异却相当复杂,具体有成员组合形式多样、时代层级多样、演变度深浅不一、能指所指错位等。这种复杂性的主要根源在于北人南迁的波次浪潮及社会生活习俗的差异,为弥补这些差异,汉语方言采用了＂初级混合＂＂过渡叠加＂＂强势覆盖＂的整合方式,其目的在于形成音义的良好对应,汉语基本词的存在状态多数亦如此。

Mineral Elements in Different Varieties of Camellia sinensis

To understand the mineral elements in different varieties of tea （ Camellia sinensis）, 17 mineral elements in eight tea varieties including Yunnan Dayezhong, No. 43 Longjing and No. 6 Zaobaijian, were measured. The results showed that nine elements, such as P, K, Ba, Mn, Cu, were significantly different among varieties, others did not. Black tea varieties usually contain high contents of Cu and K. As a conclusion, mineral elements should be extensively considered in breeding tea varieties.

电力市场中计算输电电价的一种新方法

该文基于边际成本理论,提出了一种计算输电电价的新方法,在保留边际成本定价中的经济信息的同时,综合考虑了无功电价,又考虑了电网的年收支平衡,最后,通过潮流跟踪法,确定有功、无功电价及固定成本在各个用户间的分配,使定价模型更加合理、完善。经IEEE6节点系统算例证明,该文所提的模型和算法是正确而有效的,具有重要的理论意义和工程实际价值,特别是对于在厂网分开后电网建设以及维护电网稳定的资金筹措有相当的指导价值。

A Study of Rabbit Lens Epithelial Cells Survival and Growth on the Rabbit Capsular Bag in Vitro

Objective: To study the proliferation, migration and metaplasm of residual rabbit lens epithelial cells (LECs) after extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE)based on the rabbit capsular bag model in vitro. Methods: Sham cataract surgery, including anterior capsulorhexis, nucleus hydroexpression and aspiration of lens fibers, was performed on 20 rabbit lens. The capsular bags were isolated and pinned to sterile non-toxic silicone rings on petri dishes. The capsular bags were incubated with Eagle's minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and monitored for 3 weeks by phase-contrast microscopy, after which light microscopy was performed on them.Results: After a latent period of 2-3 d, outgrowth was observed across the posterior capsule. Growth proceeded rapidly so that the posterior capsule was totally covered by a confluent monolayer of cell at 6-8 day. Capsular wrinkles became increasingly apparent as time progressed, causing a marked rise in light scatter. An increase in capsular tension also came.Conclusion: This model exhibits many of the in vito characteristics of the lens capsule after extracapsular surgery and may prove useful in further elucidating the cellular mechanisms of posterior capsule opacification and developing strategies for inhibiting cell growth with this system.

简论马尔库塞关于当代西方社会革命力量的观点

马尔库塞通过对西方发达工业社会的工人阶级、青年学生、知识分子和一些亚阶级的分析,认为工人阶级由于被资本主义社会同化不再是当代资本主义社会革命的主力,而把革命的希望寄托在青年学生、知识分子和一些亚阶级身上。马尔库塞对当代资本主义社会的矛盾和革命力量的分析有失于偏颇和片面,但他的观点在一定程度上反映了发达工业社会革命的现实境况,有助于我们对现代社会革命的全面和深入认识。

测量设备无关量子密钥分配的综合参数估计

参数估计(单光子计数率与误码率)是影响诱骗态MDI-QKD(measurement device-independent quantum key distdbution)成码率的重要因素.利用综合估计的方法,研究采用自发参量下转换(spontaneous parametric down conversion,SPDC)源的MDI-QKD参数估计问题.区别于已有的独立估计方法,从平均计数率和误码率方程组中得到参数解析式,然后充分考虑参数之间的关联性,将其作为一个整体函数进行分析.通过在闭区间内求函数最小值,给出了更紧的安全码率估计.该方法为进一步提升此类MDI-QKD协议的性能提供了思路.

微博营销的优势

随着信息化时代的来临，网络营销已经成为企业市场竞争的主要手段之一。而微博的兴起也使得微博营销迅速成为一种新兴的网络营销方式，被各大企业或非营利性机构关注和使用。本文分析了微博营销的优势和价值，阐明了微博营销的特点和方式，从而使得企业或想从事微博营销的个人得到一定的参考。

Effect of Varieties on Tea Pigment and Chromatic Aberration of Black Tea Infusion

Effects of varieties on the content of tea pigment, L＊, a＊ and b＊ value of chromatic aberration of black tea infusion was studied. The correlation relationship between content of TF, TR, TB and L＊, a＊, b＊ value was extremely significant at P＆lt;0.05. Fresh tea leaves with plucking standard of 1 bud and 2 leaves could man-ufacture black tea with higher content of tea pigment, higher a＊ and b＊ value but lower L＊ value, than those of plucking standard of 1 bud and 3 leaves. But the discrepancy of certain parameter of the two plucking standards changed with vari-eties. Varieties’ quality potential could be concealed by improper plucking standards. Six varieties were divided into four groups on the basis of gross tea polyphenols in fresh tea leaves （GTP）, consumption of tea polyphenols to gross tea polyphenols ratio （CTP/GTP） and gross tea pigment to consumption of tea polyphenols ratio （GP/CTP）. Hybrid performed the very suitability of black tea manufacturing. To en-sure high quality of made black tea, suitable variety should be chosen and reason-able plucking standard also should be taken into consideration.

共词分析及网络分析法探测乳腺癌转移相关基因

目的:探测乳腺癌转移相关的基因,为乳腺癌转移的早期诊断和个性治疗提供参考。方法:检索Pub Med数据库获取文献,利用Meta Map进行概念匹配,下载匹配结果,并导入到数据分析软件,得到乳腺癌转移相关基因和基因-基因矩阵;使用Ucinet6建立乳腺癌转移相关基因的相互作用网络,分析网络的相关指标。结果:tp53、thra、erbb2、esr1、cdh1、egfr、nr4a1、cd69等是乳腺癌转移核心基因。结论:基于共词分析法能获得乳腺癌转移相关基因,但cd69对于乳腺癌转移的具体过程尚不明确,需要进一步验证。

丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯的合成及热分解

以TNT、甲醛为原料,在弱碱性条件下反应合成得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(PicCH2CH2OH);PicCH2CH2OH在浓硫酸催化下和丙烯酸在甲苯中回流反应24h,合成得到丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯,产率为62%。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。利用热重分析(TG)对产物热稳定性进行了研究,采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算其热分解活化能Ea分别为99.78,102.96kJ·mol-1。

Assessing the quality of studies in meta-analyses: Advantages and limitations of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale

One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence in science. Also for this reason, the quality of the studies included should be accurately evaluated by standardized tools. The overall results of the metaanalysis depend indeed also on a rigorous evaluation of the studies quality. Among all the possible tools for this complex evaluation, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS) is one of the most used worldwide, above all for observational studies. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitation of the NOS, also on the basis of the branch of science in which it has been applied.

Neuroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Procyanidin Extracton Ischemia-Reperfusion Brain Injury

Objective Oxidative stress （OS） plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. Grape seed procyanidin extract （GSPE） was reported to be a critical regulator of OS. We hypothesized that GSPE might also be protective in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. This study aimed to explore whether GSPE administration can protect mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Methods Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was conducted followed by reperfusion for 24 hours to make ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice that received GSPE （MCAOG, n=60） or normal saline （MCAONS, n=60）. Sham-operated mice （GSPE group and normal saline group） were set as controls. The neurological severity score （NSS） was used to evaluate neural function impairment 1 hour, 24 hour, 3 days and 7 days after MCAO. Mice underwent brain T2WI imaging with a 3T animal MRI scanner 24 hours after reperfusion, and the stroke volume of brains were calculated according to abnormal signal intensity. Immunohistopathological analysis of brain tissues at 24 h after reperfusion was performed for neuronal nuclear antigen （NeuN）, CD34, Bcl-2, and Bax. Glutathione peroxidation （GSH-Px） activity and the level of malonaldehyde （MDA） of brain tissue were also examined. The above indexes were compared among the groups statistically.Results Significant functional improvement was observed 24 hours after MCAO in MCAOG group compared to MCAONS group （P〈0.05）. MCAOG group had smaller cerebral stroke volume （22.46 ± 11.45 mm3 vs. 47.84±9.06 mm3, P〈0.05） than MCAONS group 24 hours after MCAO. More mature NeuN-immunoreactive neurons and more CD34-positive cells in peri-infarct zones were observed in brain tissue of MCAOG mice 24 h after MCAO than that of MCAONS mice （both P〈0.05）. MCAONS mice had significantly higher number of Bax-positive cells in brain tissue than MCAOG （P〈0.05）. The mean MDA level was significantly lower （P〈0.05） and the GSH-Px activity was significantly higher （P〈0.05） in brains of MCAOG mice compared to those of MCAONS mice. Conclusion GSPE administration protects mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury through attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and activating antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px. GSPE may represent a new therapeutical direction for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion brain injury.

Impact of preoperative chemoradiotherapy on survival in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer

AIM:To explore whether preoperative chemoradiation therapy improves survival of patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing resectional surgery. METHODS:Forty-seven patients with a malignant pancreatic tumor localized in the head or uncinate process of the pancreas underwent radical pancreaticoduodenectomy. Twenty-two received chemoradiation therapy (gemcitabine and radiation dose 50.4 Gy) before surgery (CRR) and 25 patients underwent surgery only (RO). The study was non-randomised. Patients were identified from a prospective database. RESULTS:The median survival time was 30.2 mo in the CRR group and 35.9 mo in the RO group. No statistically significant differences were found in subclasses according to lymph node involvement,TNM stages,tumor size,or perineural invasion. The one,three and five year survival rates were 81%,33% and 33%,respectively,in the CRR group and 72%,47% and 23%,respectively,in the RO group. In ductal adenocarcinoma,the median survival time was 27 mo in the CRR group and 20 mo in the RO group. No statistically significant differences were found in the above subclasses. The one,three and five year survival rates were 79%,21% and 21%,respectively,in the CRR group and 64%,50% and 14%,respectively,in the RO group. The overall hospital mortality rate was 2%. The morbidity rate was 45% in the CRR group and 32% (NS) in the RO group. CONCLUSION:Major multicenter randomized studies are needed to conclusively assess the impact of neoadjuvant treatment in the management of pancreatic cancer.

Multi-scaled simulation of latticed frames considering bending collapse of pipes

To consider the bending collapse of the pipes in the latticed frames, based on the multi-scale simulation, the collapsed parts of the pipe are meshed by the shell elements as micro-scaled models, and the other parts are meshed by beam elements macro-models. The incremental displacement constraint equations for the nodes on the section between the two models are established based on the plane section premise of classical beam theory. The method to introduce the constraint equations is derived based on the Updated Largrangian method. The location of the micro-model is predicted by the stress field of the beam element, and the length of the collapsed part is adjusted by the plastic energy in the micro model. Several examples are included to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method.

Immune response after photodynamic therapy increases anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects

Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is a clinically approved procedure for treatment of cancer and infections. PDT involves systemic or topical administration of a photosensitizer(PS), followed by irradiation of the diseased area with light of a wavelength corresponding to an absorbance band of the PS. In the presence of oxygen, a photochemical reaction is initiated, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell death. Besides causing direct cytotoxic effects on illuminated tumor cells, PDT is known to cause damage to the tumor vasculature and induce the release of pro-inflammatory molecules. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that PDT is capable of affecting both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Immune stimulatory properties of PDT may increase its beneficial effects giving the therapy wider potential to become more extensively used in clinical practice. Be-sides stimulating tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells capable to destroy distant untreated tumor cells, PDT leads to development of anti-tumor memory immunity that can potentially prevent the recurrence of cancer. The immunological effects of PDT make the therapy more effective also when used for treatment of bacterial infections, due to an augmented infiltration of neutrophils into the infected regions that seems to potentiate the outcome of the treatment.

Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in autoimmune disease

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs) represent an important class of immunoregulatory cells that can be activated to suppress T cell functions. These MDSCs can inhibit T cell functions through cell surface interactions and the release of soluble mediators. MDSCs accumulate in the inflamed tissues and lymphoid organs of patients with autoimmune diseases. Much of our knowledge of MDSC function has come from studies involving cancer models, however many recent studies have helped to characterize MDSC involvement in autoimmune diseases. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells with a number of different functions for the suppression of T cell responses. However, we have yet to fully understand their contributions to the development and regulation of autoimmune diseases. A number of studies have described beneficial functions of MDSCs during autoimmune diseases, and thus there appears to be a potential role for MDSCs in the treatment of these diseases. Nevertheless, many questions remain as to the activation, differentiation, and inhibitory functions of MDSCs. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of MDSC subsets and suppressive functions in tissue-specific autoimmune disorders. We also describe the potential of MDSC-basedcell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and note some of hurdles facing the implementation of this therapy.

AUTOMATIC TEXT SUMMARIZATION BASED ON TEXTUAL COHESION

This paper presents two different algorithms that derive the cohesion structure in the form of lexical chains from two kinds of language resources HowNet and TongYiCiCiLin. The re-search that connects the cohesion structure of a text to the derivation of its summary is displayed. A novel model of automatic text summarization is devised,based on the data provided by lexical chains from original texts. Moreover,the construction rules of lexical chains are modified accord-ing to characteristics of the knowledge database in order to be more suitable for Chinese summa-rization. Evaluation results show that high quality indicative summaries are produced from Chi-nese texts.

Production Efficiency of Two-Oriented Agriculture Based on Three-Stage DEA Model

Two-oriented agriculture was a complex organism coupling production,economics,society and ecology.Its development process was affected by various factors such as producers,nature,society,etc.In order to overcome measurement error of traditional data envelopment analysis caused by ignoring random,three-stage DEA model was studied to remove environmental factors and random effects.On the foundation of this model was two-oriented agriculture comprehensive production efficiency of 14 cities were estimated in Hunan Province in 2008,and brown forth corresponding policy proposals to promote agricultural development.

Multimodality approach for locally advanced esophageal cancer

Carcinoma of the esophagus is an aggressive and lethal malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide.Incidence rates vary internationally,with the highest rates found in Southern and Eastern Africa and Eastern Asia,and the lowest in Western and Middle Africa and Central America.Patients with locally advanced disease face a poor prognosis,with 5-year survival rates ranging from 15%-34%.Recent clinical trials have evaluated different strategies for management of locoregional cancer;however,because of stage migration and changes in disease epidemiology,applying these trials to clinical practice has become a daunting task.We searched Medline and conference abstracts for randomized studies published in the last 3 decades.We restricted our search to articles published in English.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection is an accepted standard of care in the United States.Esophagectomy remains an essential component of treatment and can lead to improved overall survival,especially when performed at high volume institutions.The role of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative resection is still unclear.External beam radiation therapy alone is considered palliative and is typically reserved for patients with a poor performance status.

Do M＆As Generate Value for Shareholders？ An Analysis of the Italian Banking Sector

The aim of this paper is to verify if the M＆As implemented in the past decade in the banking sector have created value for shareholders. For this purpose a sample of 72 deals carded out during the period of 1994-2005 were examined using the ＂event study＂ methodology. These deals were subdivided into three sections： acquisitions, mergers and M＆As. The results obtained seem to suggest a creation of value for the target companies and a destruction of value for the bidders in all three cases. From the analysis of the combined values, on the other hand, a significant destruction of value is deduced in both mergers and in M＆As.