郎溪县林长制“一林一警”平台建设的有效实践

本文介绍了在森林公安转隶后林长制“一林一警”平台的建立情况,详细阐述了平台的工作要求、工作职责、工作制度和工作方法。该平台的建立增强了打击涉林违法犯罪行为的力度,发挥了公安队伍在生态保护中的关键作用,进而深入践行了绿水青山就是金山银山的绿色发展理念。

马鞍山市长江生态防护林重点生态功能区“一林一策”建设初探

该文介绍了马鞍山市长江生态防护林重点生态功能区的森林与湿地资源现状,提出了该功能区"一林一策"建设思路,并阐述了建立完善的森林生态修复体系的对策措施,以期提高森林质量。

林一帆温阳散结治疗结肠息肉

林一帆教授认为受感受外邪、饮食不节或七情不和等因素影响,阳气不足,失于温煦,升发不能,疏泄失利,在肠道内久而聚结成息肉,发为结肠息肉,以睥肾阳虚最多见;提出"温阳散结"的治疗大法,温补肾阳,健脾益气,鼓动阳气,主张因时、因地、因人制宜,结合体质学说,防治结肠息肉,强调未病先防,重视日常调理,以防复发。以息肉电灼切除治标,"温阳散结"抗复发治本;自拟温阳散结汤(人参、白术、干姜各15g,肉豆蔻9g,吴茱萸6g,补骨脂15g,五味子9g,白花蛇舌草10g,莪术15g,三棱10g,炙甘草15g,红枣10g),随证加减,谨防补益、滋腻太过。

Different Understory Cultivation Techniques of Paris polyphylla Smith

This study was conducted for the purposes of reducing consumption of wild resources of Paris polyphylla Smith, satisfying the market demand, saving the production cost, improving utilization rate of forest land, increasing income of foresters and protecting ecological environment. Three types of fores{ land, i.e., the evergreen forest land （China fir forest）, deciduous forest land （walnut forest） and shrub land （honey suckle forest.） were selected, and seeds and cut rhizomes of Paris polyphylla Smith produced in Bamian Mountain, Hunan, were used in the study on understory seedling raising and cultivation techniques. The results showed that： when using different propagation materials, seed propagation could be adopted to reduce the consumption of wild resources and provide a large number of seedlings, and was beneficial to large-scale planting; and when conducing seedling and plantlet raising followed by transplanting and direct seeding and planting using different propagation materials in large-scale understory cultivation, direct seeding/ planting was appropriate for saving save production cost with the advantage of early production. Among the 3 different types of forest land, the best choice was broad- leaved forest land, which could achieve better economic benefit because of con- forming with the ecological habit and growth and development law of Paris poly- phylla Smith.

Investigation and Assessment of Ecological Effect of Garden Plants in Linzhi, Tibet

In this study, we investigated main garden plants and assessed the eco- logical effect of garden plants in Bayi town, Linzhi district, Tibet. There are 33 land- scape plants, including 13 trees and 20 shrubs. There are 26 newly-introduced landscape plants, including 10 trees and 16 shrubs. The main landscape plants in Bayi Town could absorb 245.6 t of CO2 and release 178.66 t of 02 per year, illus- trating significant ecological effect. According to the theory that 25 m2 of lawn or 10 m2 of tree could completely absorb the CO2 breathed out by one person daily, the current green space in Bayi town could satisfy the requirement of 43 400 people. We also found that the maximum amount of retained dust by the garden plants is 12.8 t per year, which is considerable and consistent with the results from other studies.

Temperature dependence of carbon mineralization and nitrous oxide emission in a temperate forest ecosystem

The measurement of CO2 and N2O effiux from forest soils is of great importance in evaluating the role of forests as sequestering agents of atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen. To quantify the effect of site on temperature dependence of net C-mineralization and N2O-N emissions, three adjacent forest floors under beech, Norway spruce and mixed species stands were investigated at Soiling forest, Germany, by an incubation experiment for three months. The investigated net C-mineralization and N2O-N emissions from all forest floors exhibited an exponential increase with respect to temperature elevation. The temperature coefficient function （Q10 value）, was fitted to flux rates to describe the temperature sensitivity of forest floors on temperature in the range of 1-20℃. Comparing the fitted curves for temperature sensitivity of the forest floors in relation to net carbon mineralization and nitrous oxide emission rates revealed a strong positive correlation across all sites. For the whole data set of all stands, a Q10 value of 1.73-2.10 for net C-mineralization and 2.81-3.58 for N2O-N emissions per measured unit was found to describe the temperature dependency of net C-mineralization and N20-N efflux at experimental site. The absence of clear differences between beech and spruce in mono and mixed species cultures on temperature dependencies of net C-mineralization and N2O-N emission rates indicated that the flux rates were not affected by species-specific differences of litter quality.

Effect of （＋）-limonene and 1-methoxy-2-propanol on Ips typographus response to pheromone blends

We compared two different strategies to increase the catches oflps typographus （L.）, particularly males, in pheromone-baited traps. The first of these strategies, the barrier approach, used alternating pheromone blends, targeting males and females respectively, in closely-spaced traps forming a barrier around forest stands. The second strategy, the single trap approach, used widely-spaced traps that were all baited with the same lure and intended to trap the highest possible numbers of males without compromising trapping of females. In the blend used for the barrier traps targeting primarily males, with a lower percentage of （4S）-cis-verbenol （cV）, the （-）-α-pinene was replaced step wise with （＋）-limonene at rates of 0%, 1%, 10%, 35%, 60% and 90%. This replacement had no significant effect on the numbers of responding 1. typographus males, but there was a slight effect on the percentage of males caught. In the attractant blend for the barrier traps targeting females, with a higher percentage of cV, the 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol （MB） was replaced with 1-methoxy-2-propanol （MP） in a similar fashion as for the male-specific blends. The replacement did not significantly affect the catch of females. Thus, it is pos- sible to use the MP in the blend with cV and ipsdienol without significant change in catch efficacy. In the blends for single traps, the （-）-α- pinene was replaced with （＋）-limonene and MB with MP. The replacement of （-）-α-pinene had only a slight effect on the percentage of males, but the results suggest that replacing MB with MP in the blend will not significantly reduce trapping efficacy.

A Simple Method to Extract Tropical Monsoon Forests Using NDVI Based on MODIS Data:A Case Study in South Asia and Peninsula Southeast Asia

Distribution of monsoon forests is important for the research of carbon and water cycles in the tropical regions. In this paper, a simple approach is proposed to map monsoon forests using the Normalized Difference Vegetation lndex （NDVI） derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data. Owing to the high contrast of greenness between wet season and dry season, the monsoon forest can be easily discriminated from other forests by combining the maximum and minimum annual NDVI. The MODIS-based monsoon forest maps （MODMF） from 2000 to 2009 are derived and evaluated using the ground-truth dataset. The MODMF achieves an average producer accuracy of 80.0% and the Kappa statistic of 0.719. The variability of MODMF among different years is compared with that calculated from MODIS land cover products （MCD 12Q 1）. The results show that the coefficient of variation of total monsoon forest area in MODMF is 7.3%, which is far lower than that in MCD12Q1 with 24.3%. Moreover, the pixels in MODMv which can be identified for 7 to 9 times between 200l and 2009 account for 53.1%, while only 7.9% ofMCD12QI pixels have this frequency. Additionally, the monsoon forest areas estimated in MODMF, Global Land Cover 2000 （GLC2000）, MCDI2Q1 and University of Maryland （UMD） products are compared with the statistical dataset at national level, which reveals that MODMv has the highest R^2 of 0.95 and the lowest RMSE of 14 014 km^2. This algorithm is simple but reliable for mapping the monsoon forests without complex classification techniques.

Magnetic Properties of One-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Mixed-Spin Model within Tyablikov Decoupling Approximation

In this paper, we apply the two-time Green's function method, and provide a simple way to study themagnetic properties of one-dimensional spin-(S, s) Heisenberg ferromagnets.The magnetic susceptibility and correlationfunctions are obtained by using the Tyablikov decoupling approximation.Our results show that the magnetic susceptibilityand correlation length are a monotonically decreasing function of temperature regardless of the mixed spins.It isfound that in the case of S = s, our results of one-dimensional mixed-spin model is reduced to be those of the isotropicferromagnetic Heisenberg chain in the whole temperature region.Our results for the susceptibility are in agreement withthose obtained by other theoretical approaches.

SPATIAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF CROP YIELD IN THE MIDDLE AND WEST OF JILIN PROVINCE

In this paper,spatial correlation of crop yield in the middle and west of Jilin Province is analyzed by us-ing the method of geostatistics semivariogram,taking the NDVI of NOAA/AVHRR spectrum data as the regionalized vari-able,aiming to provide theory and practical basis for field sampling of crop yield estimation using remote sensing.The ratio of nugget variance and sill of semivariograms are 21.1% and 9.7% in the west and middle regions in Jilin Province respectively.This shows that the crop yields are spatially correlated.The degree and range of correlation are far different in the different situations.In the west test region,the range is 49.9 km and the sill is 0.00019.In the middle testre-gion,the range is 16.5 km and the sill is0.00453.The dissimilarity in the western test region is larger than that in the middle one.The range in which the correlation existed of the former is far larger than the later.Different character is tics of spatial correlation of crop yield are decided by the environmental factors.Samples for crop yield estimation should be extracted according to the characteristic of spatial distribution of crop yield to promote the efficiency of sampling.

Examining Forest Net Primary Productivity Dynamics and Driving Forces in Northeastern China During 1982–2010

Forest net primary productivity （NPP） is a key parameter for forest monitoring and management. In this study, monthly and annual forest NPP in the northeastern China from 1982 to 2010 were simulated by using Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model with normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） sequences derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） Global Invento y Modeling and Mapping Studies （GIMMS） and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） products. To address the problem of data inconsistency between AVHRR and MODIS data, a per-pixel unary linear regres- sion model based on least ~;quares method was developed to derive the monthly NDVI sequences. Results suggest that estimated forest NPP has mean relative error of 18.97% compared to observed NPP from forest inventory. Forest NPP in the northeastern China in- creased significantly during the twenty-nine years. The results of seasonal dynamic show that more clear increasing trend of forest NPP occurred in spring and awmnn. This study also examined the relationship between forest NPP and its driving forces including the climatic and anthropogenic factors. In spring and winter, temperature played the most pivotal role in forest NPR In autumn, precipitation acted as the most importanl factor affecting forest NPP, while solar radiation played the most important role in the summer. Evaportran- spiration had a close correlation with NPP for coniferous forest, mixed coniferous broadleaved forest, and broadleaved deciduous forest. Spatially, forest NPP in the Da Hinggan Mountains was more sensitive to climatic changes than in the other ecological functional re- gions. In addition to climalie change, the degradation and improvement of forests had important effects on forest NPP. Results in this study are helpful for understanding the regional carbon sequestration and can enrich the cases for the monitoring of vegetation during long time series.

Nitric oxide-releasing aspirin but not conventional aspirin improves healing of experimental colitis

AIM:To determine the effect of non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors,selective COX-2 inhibitors and nitric oxide (NO)-releasing aspirin in the healing of ulcerative colitis.METHODS:Rats with 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis received intragastric (ig) treatment with vehicle,aspirin (ASA) (a nonselective COX inhibitor),celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) or NO-releasing ASA for a period of ten days.The area of colonic lesions,colonic blood flow (CBF),myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and expression of proinflammatory markers COX-2,inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were assessed.The effects of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN),a NO donor,and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxy-3-oxide,onopotassium salt (carboxy-PTIO),a NO scavenger,administered without and with ASA or NO-ASA,and the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in the mechanism of healing the experimental colitis was also determined.RESULTS:Rats with colitis developed macroscopic and microscopic colonic lesions accompanied by a significant decrease in the CBF,a significant rise in colonic weight,MPO activity and plasma IL-1β and TNF-α levels.These effects were aggravated by ASA and 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (SC-560),but not celecoxib and counteracted by concurrent treatment with a synthetic prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) analog.Treatment with NO-ASA dose-dependently accelerated colonic healing followed by a rise in plasma NO x content and CBF,suppression of MPO and downregulation of COX-2,iNOS,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs.Treatment with GTN,the NO donor,significantly inhibited the ASA-induced colonic lesions and increased CBF,while carboxy-PTIO or capsaicin-denervation counteracted the NO-ASAinduced improvement of colonic healing and the accompanying increase in the CBF.These effects were restored by co-treatment with calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and NO-ASA in capsaicin-denervated animals.CONCLUSION:NO-releasing ASA,in contrast to ASA,COX-1 inhibitors,and SC-560,accelerated the healing of colitis via a mechanism involving NO mediated improvement of microcirculation and activation of sensory nerves releasing CGRP.

Nitric Oxide Emission Following Wetting of Dry Soils in Subtropical Humid Forests

Information about soil nitric oxide （NO） emissions from subtropical forests is quite limited, and even less is known about the pulse emission of NO when wetting soils after a long period of dryness. In this study, we measured NO fluxes following wetting of dry soft in a broadleaf forest and a pine forest in subtropical China. Large pulses of NO fluxes were observed after soil wetting in both forests. NO fluxes increased significantly within 0.5 h following wetting in both forests and reached peak 1 and 4 h after soil wetting in the pine forest and the broadleaf forest, respectively. In the broadleaf forest, averaged peak flux of NO pulses was 157 ng N m^-2 s^-1, which was 8 times the flux value before wetting, and in the pine forest, the averaged peak flux was 135 ng N m-2 s 1, which was 15.5 times the flux value before wetting. The total pulses-induced NO emissions during the dry season were roughly estimated to be 29.4 mg N m^-2 in the broadleaf forest and 22.2 mg N m^-2 in the pine forest or made up a proportion of 4.6% of the annual NO emission in the broadleaf forest and 5.3% in the pine forest.

Negative differential resistance behavior in doped C_(82) molecular devices

By using the first-principle calculations and nonequilibrium Green functions method, the electronic transport properties of molecular devices constructed by C82, C80BN and C80N2 were studied. The results show that the electronic transport properties of molecular devices are affected by doped atoms. Negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior can be observed in certain bias regions for C82 and C80BN molecular devices but cannot be observed for C80N2 molecular device. A mechanism for the negative differential resistance behavior was suggested.

Effect of boron/nitrogen co-doping on transport properties of C60 molecular devices

By using nonequilibrium Green＇s function method and first-principles calculations, the electronic transport properties of doped C60 molecular devices were investigated. It is revealed that the C60 molecular devices show the metal behavior due to the interaction between the C60 molecule and the metal electrode. The current-voltage curve displays a linear behavior at low bias, and the currents have the relation of MI〉M3〉M4〉M2 when the bias voltage is lower than 0.6 V. Electronic transport properties are affected greatly by the doped atoms. Negative differential resistance is found in a certain bias range for C60 and C58BN molecular devices, but cannot be observed in C59B and C59N molecular devices. These unconventional effects can be used to design novel nanoelectronic devices.

Electronic Transport Calculations Using Maximally-Localized Wannier Functions

I present a method to calculate the ballistic transport properties of atomic-scale structures under bias. The electronic structure of the system is calculated using the Kohn-Sham scheme of density functionai theory （DFT）. The DFT eigenvectors are then transformed into a set of maximaily localized Wannier functions （MLWFs） [N. Maxzari and D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. B 56 （1997） 12847]. The MLWFs are used as a minimai basis set to obtain the Hamitonian matrices of the scattering region and the adjacent leads, which are needed for transport calculation using the nonequilibrium Green＇s function formalism. The coupling of the scattering region to the semi-infinite leads is described by the self-energies of the leads. Using the nonequilibrium Green＇s function method, one calculates self-consistently the charge distribution of the system under bias and evaluates the transmission and current through the system. To solve the Poisson equation within the scheme of MLWFs I introduce a computationally efficient method. The method is applied to a molecular hydrogen contact in two transition metal monatomic wires （Cu and Pt）. It is found that for Pt the I-V characteristics is approximately linear dependence, however, for Cu the I-V characteristics manifests a linear dependence at low bias voltages and exhibits apparent nonlinearity at higher bias voltages. I have also calculated the transmission in the zero bias voltage limit for a single CO molecule adsorbed on Cu and Pt monatomic wires. While a chemical scissor effect occurs for the Cu monatomic wire with an adsorbed CO molecule, it is absent for the Pt monatomie wire due to the contribution of d-orbitals at the Fermi energy,

故乡的原风景

背着陈旧的书包,我回到了家乡。春意早已退却,正是夏意浓浓之时。青山傍绿池,波光映斜阳,草木的香气在黄昏的空气中荡漾;浅塘里捡田螺和捕鱼的人儿掠起的水声,哗啦啦的,如玉珠落盘,清脆响亮;炊烟以雾的清雅和水的柔美给远山披上了一帐纱幕,掩了一林的鸟语虫鸣。霎时风吹过,它撩动着炊烟,伴着夕阳下飒飒的闪着光般的树叶的声音,晕入人的心房。'莫笑农家腊酒浑,丰年留客足鸡豚',陆游的诗句里,洋溢着纯朴热情的民风。幸福背着陈旧的书包,我回到了家乡。春意早已退却,正是夏意浓浓之时。青山傍绿池,波光映斜阳,草木的香气在黄昏的空气中荡漾;浅塘里捡田螺和捕鱼的人儿掠起的水声,哗啦啦的,如玉珠落盘,清脆响亮;炊烟以雾的清雅和水的柔美给远山披上了一帐纱幕,掩了一林的鸟语虫鸣。霎时风吹过,它撩动着炊烟,伴着夕阳下飒飒的闪着光般的树叶的声音,晕入人的心房。'莫笑农家腊酒浑,丰年留客足鸡豚',陆游的诗句里,洋溢着纯朴热情的民风。幸福美在空气中也似乎可见,还有那陈酿的米酒和着枸杞子发出的醇郁的馨香,悄然将我包围,让我沦陷在不愿醒来的甜美的梦中。不久,夜幕降临,繁星登上舞台,活泼而可爱。我之前纳闷:城市的夜空星星为何那般寥落,原来它们跑到乡间来聚会了。风拂动着高耸的杉树,在暗蓝深邃的夜幕下投出摇曳的剪影。星光从叶缝间流淌下来,把乡村营造得如梦似幻。伴着人们乘凉的交谈与拍动的蒲扇,星光也微微颤动,醉在这一抹宁静祥就到了我要离开的时候。心中满是不舍,于是我摘一朵花,幻化成一纸文字,把家乡的美景、美味与美梦都带走。挂满晨露的路旁青草,深情挽留我,牵着我的裤腿不让我走,裤腿上洒满了它们不舍的泪滴。乡村的美,无时不有,无处不在,它朴实自然、柔软深沉、淡而有味。'城中桃李愁风雨,春在溪头荠菜花。'在城市的钢筋水泥巨兽的嘴中迷茫着、徘徊着的少年啊,家乡的一草一木、一鱼一鸟都在等你回家。的是,在我的眼前,在我的一丝丝鼻息中正是这样一种美好。吃晚饭的时间到了,随着轻烟与微风,飘来了回锅肉令人垂涎的香味,螺肉的滑嫩鲜和的意境之中。夜深了,人们都去休息了,风也睡去,花也睡去。乡村被深沉的寂静包裹着,好似创世之初的样子。农村的夜才是真正的夜,万籁俱静,只有虫的低语与蛙的合唱声。城市的夜已不能说是夜了,它依然如白天般明亮,甚至比白天还要热闹,许多人不去睡觉,在嘈杂的环境中过着夜生活,还说是放松自我。'明月别枝惊鹊,清风半夜鸣蝉',这样的美好,他们是无缘体会的。日出的时刻来临了,整个乡村静得没有一点声音。阳光像一滴神奇的墨水,从东边的地平线上晕开,将周围的天空染成了层层渐进的颜色。浅浅的蓝,淡淡的青绿,母亲做的蛋羹的嫩黄,都能在天际找到,而西边的天空仍留着深深的蓝色,给西边的大山留下最后的夜空。'醉里吴音相媚好,白发谁家翁媪',当人声渐起.

Effects of multiple intrathecal administration of L-arginine with different doses on formalin-induced nociceptive behavioral responses in rats

Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide （NO） with different doses on modulation of inflammatory pain, and its possible mechanisms.Methods NO precursor L-arginine （L-Arg） was intrathecally administered in rats at a dose of 10 μg per day （low dose group） or 250μg per day （high dose group） for a succession of 4 d.Normal saline was applied as a control.Then the rats were subcutaneously injected with formalin （100μL,2%） into the right hindpaw,and the nociceptive behavioral responses within 1 h were observed.At 4 h after formalin injection,neuronal NO synthase （nNOS） and c-Fos expression in spinal dorsal horn was examined with immunocytochemistry method.Results The subcutaneous injection of formalin evoked biphasic behaviors of licking or biting the injected paw.There was no difference in acute phase of formalin test among the 3 groups,while in tonic phase,the licking and biting time,and the protein levels of nNOS and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn were significantly decreased in low dose group and increased in high dose group,compared with those in control group.Conclusion These results suggest that multiple administration of NO with different doses may produce different effects.On one hand,the low dose of NO can induce antinociception.On the other hand,the high dose of NO can induce pronociception.

Pure and mixed plantations of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) for high quality timber production in Chile, South America

Aims Persian walnut(Juglans regia L.),an interesting forest species for the veneering industry,requires adequate management to produce valuable high-quality logs.Since species associations and management level can improve stand productivity,the novelty of this work was to assess Persian walnut performance in different planting mixtures and in pure plantations conditioned to management intensity.Methods Growth,straightness and survival measurements were taken annually for 7 years after planting pure and mixed plantations under two contrasting management scenarios.Diseases were recorded at Age 7 in all plantations.Under each management intensity,besides the monoculture,three mixtures were tested:a mixture of only main forest species,main forest species plus one arboreal companion species,Black alder(Alnus glutinosa L.)and main species plus the shrub Russian olive(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)as nurse species.A test of interaction between plantation type and management scenario was conducted using repeated growth data.Important Findings The interaction was significant,indicating the presence of different mechanisms underlying plantation effects under high and low management level.Compared with pure plantations,Persian walnut associated with the nurse shrub exhibited 78%higher height and 53%higher diameter growth in plantations under low management.Health benefits(lower presence of walnut blight than in the monoculture)and better straightness were also found in the association including the shrub when the management intensity was not high.These beneficial effects in the presence of Russian olive were not present under high management intensity(irrigation,fertilization,tutoring and frequent pruning).Site-specific designs for Persian walnut plantations would depend on the foreseen management intensity.

Patterns of Changes to Woody Vegetation near Resettlement Sites in Semi-arid Northwestern Ethiopia

Communal rangelands provide diverse ecosystem services to millions of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. Resettling destitute communities into hitherto uninhabited communal rangelands and forests, a common practice throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, is a threat to the sustainable use of range and forest land resources. In order to understand the effect of resettlement on a semi-arid woodland in northwestern Ethiopia, satellite imagery of 23 resettlement villages taken over a period of fourteen years, and woody vegetation floristic data for three old resettlements, three new resettlements, two refugee camps and one protected area were analyzed using ANOVA and canonical correspondence analysis（CCA）. The normalized differential vegetation index（NDVI） and canopy cover around all village types decreased with disturbance gradients, while the magnitude of change varied according to the type of settlement. Limited canopy cover was observed in refugee camps and new resettlements, compared to old resettlements and protected areas. Woody vegetation height class showed a J shaped distribution in all sites except refugee camps（RC）, indicating a decline in vegetation. CCA showed that variables like site type, altitude and disturbance gradient significantly affected the diversity of woody species at the different sites. Comparison of individual species responses to disturbances indicated that low fodder value invaders like Dichrostachys cinerea, and many Acacia species were increasing in proportion and coverage at the expense of some multipurpose species including Tamarindus indica, Diospyros mespiliformis, and Pterocarpus lucens. In the absence of regulated vegetation use, resettlements result in a decline in overall vegetation cover and a shift in floristic diversity in favor of invasive species.