Minocycline attenuates cognitive impairment and restrains oxidative stress in the hippocampus of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

Objective Nitric oxide （NO） was speculated to play an Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, reduced inflammation important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. and protected against cerebral ischemia. To study the neuroprotection mechanism of minocycline for vascular dementia, the influences of minocycline on expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） were observed in the brains of Wistar rats. Methods The vascular dementia rat model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion （BCCAO）. Wistar rats were divideded into 3 groups randomly： sham-operation group （S group）, vascular dementia model group （M group）, and minocycline treatment group （MT group）. The behaviour was tested with Morris water maze and open-field task. Expressions of iNOS and eNOS were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The optical density value was measured by imaging analysis. Percentage of positive ceils with iNOS and eNOS expression was analyzed with optical microscope. Results Minocycline attenuated cognitive impairment. Inducible NOS was significantly down-regulated in MT group, compared with that in M group （P 〈 0.01）, while eNOS was significantly up-regulated, compared with that in M group （P 〈 0.01）. The expressions of iNOS and eNOS in M and MT groups were higher than those in S group （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion Minocycline can down-regulate the expression of iNOS and up-regulate the expression of eNOS in vascular dementia, which restrains apoptosis and oxidative stress to protect neural function.

基于HAND系统5种致腹泻大肠杆菌多重实时PCR初筛方法的建立

以实验室17株种属关系较近的菌株进行特异性评价,通过溶解曲线T m值对扩增产物进行分析表明,该方法具有高特异性,可同时检出5种致泻性大肠杆菌EAEC(aggR)、EHEC/EPEC(eae)、ETEC(LT)和EIEC(ipaH)的相关毒力基因。粪便模拟样本试验表明,其敏感性达10^4~10^6 CFU/mL。建立的多重实时PCR检测方法适用于5种致泻性大肠杆菌的初步筛选。

Association of Glu298Asp Polymorphism of the En-dothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene with Essential Hypertension in Elderly People

Objective: To investigate the association of Glu298Asp polymorphism of theeNOS gene with essential hypertension in elderly people. Methods: Ninety-five cases of essentialhypertension were randomly chosen from outpatients and inpatients as the study group, and an equalnumber of sexes, age-matched healthy people as the control group. Their height, weight and bloodpressure were recorded and their fasting plasma lipid concentrations were measured. Glu298Asppolymorphism of the eNOS gene was measured using the methods of PCR and RFLP. Results: Theconstituent ratio of Genotype Glu/Asp in the study group (26.3%) was higher than that in the controlgroup (12.6%, x^2 = 5. 67, P<0.05), the allelic frequency of 298Asp in the study group (13.2%) wassignificantly higher than that in the control group (6.3%, x^2 = 5.06, P<0.05). Conclusion: Glu298Asp variant of the eNOS gene may be an independent predictor in essential hypertension.

Changes of nitric oxide and endothelin, thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation

AIM： To investigate the perioperative changes of nitric oxide （NO） and endothelin （ET）, thromboxane A2 （TXA2） and prostaglandin （PGI2） during liver transplantation in end-stage liver disease patients. METHODS： Twenty-seven patients with end-stage cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation were enrolled in this prospective study. Blood samples were obtained from superior vena at five different surgical stages. Plasma concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were determined to reflect plasma NO levels. Plasma levels of ET-1, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 （TXB2）, the latter two being stable metabolites of PGI2 and TXA2 respectively, were measured.RESULTS： The NO level decreased significantly after vascular cross-clamping and increased significantly at 30 rain after reperfusion. While the ET levels at 30 rain after clamping and after reperfusion were significantly elevated. The ratio of NO/ET decreased significantly at 30 rain after vascular cross-clamping and at the end of surgery. The PGI2 level and the TXA2 during liver transplantation were significantly higher than the baseline level, but the ratio of TXA2/PGI2 decreased significantly at 30 rain after clamping. CONCLUSION： NO/ET and TXA2/PGI2 change during liver transplantation. Although the precise mechanism remains unknown, they may play a role in the pathobiology of a variety of liver transplant-relevant processes.

Effect of IBD sera on expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM： To study the expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases （eNOS and iNOS） and their role in inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. METHODS： We examined the effect of sera obtained from patients with active Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC） on the function and viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVEC）. HUVECs were cultured for 0-48 h in the presence of a medium containing pooled serum of healthy controls, or serum from patients with active CD or UC. Expression of eNOS and iNOS was visualized by immunofluorescence, and quantified by the densitometry of Western blots. Proliferation activity was assessed by computerized image analyses of Ki-67 immunoreactive cells, and also tested in the presence of the NOS inhibitor, 10^-4 mol/L L-NAME. Apoptosis and necrosis was examined by the annexin-V-biotin method and by propidium iodide staining, respectively. RESULTS： In HUVEC immediately after exposure to UC, serum eNOS was markedly induced, reaching a peak at 12 h. In contrast, a decrease in eNOS was observed after incubation with CD sera and the eNOS level was minimal at 20 h compared to control （18%±16% vs 23%± 15% P〈0.01）. UC or CD serum caused a significant increase in iNOS compared to control （UC： 300%±21%; CD： 275% ± 27% vs 108% ± 14%, P〈0.01）. Apoptosis/necrosis characteristics did not differ significantly in either experiment. Increased proliferation activity was detected in the presence of CD serum or after treatment with L-NAME. Cultures showed tube-like formations after 24 h treatment with CD serum. CONCLUSION： IBD sera evoked changes in the ratio of eNOS/iNOS, whereas did not influence the viability of HUVEC. These involved down-regulation of eNOS and up-regulation of iNOS simultaneously, leading to increased proliferation activity and possibly a reduced antiinflammatory protection of endothelial cells.

Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide in the modulation of electroacupucture on gastric motility in stressed rats

AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of electroacupucture (EA) on gastric motility in restrained-cold stressed rats. METHODS: An animal model of gastric motility disorder was established by restrained-cold stress. Gastric myoelectric activities were recorded by electrogastroent erography (EGG). VIP and NO concentrations in plasma and gastric mucosal and bulb tissues were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). VIP expression in the gastric walls was assayed using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) and image analysis. RESULTS: In cold restrained stressed rats, EGG was disordered and irregular. The frequency and amplitude of gastric motility were higher than that in control group (P < 0.01). VIP and NO contents of plasma, gastric mucosal and bulb tissues were obviously decreased (P < 0.01). Following EA at “Zusanli” (ST36), the frequency and amplitude of gastric motility were obviously lowered (P < 0.01), while the levels of VIP and NO in plasma, gastric mucosal and bulb tissues increased strikingly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and expression of VIP in antral smooth muscle was elevated significantly (P < 0.01) in comparison with those of model group. CONCLUSION: VIP and NO participate in the modulatory effect of EA on gastric motility. EA at “Zusanli” acupoint (ST36) can improve gastric motility of the stressed rats by increasing the levels of VIP and NO.

Adrenomedullin in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

AIM:Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent vasodilator peptide. ADM and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in vascular endothelial cells.Increased ADM level has been linked to hyperdynamic circulation and arterial vasodilatation in cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH).The role of ADM in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is unknown,plasma ADM levels were studied in patients with NCPH,compensated and decompensated cirrhosis in order to determine its contribution to portal hypertension (PH) in these groups. METHODS:There were 4 groups of subjects.Group 1 consisted of 27 patients (F/M:12/15) with NCPH due to portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis (mean age:41±12 years),group 2 consisted of 14 patients (F/M:6/8) with compensated (Child-Pugh A) cirrhosis (mean age:46±4), group 3 consisted of 16 patients (F/M:6/10) with decompensated (Child-Pugh C) cirrhosis (mean age:47±12). Fourteen healthy subjects (F/M:6/8) (mean age:44±8) were used as controls in Group 4.ADM level was measured by ELISA.NO was determined as nitrite/nitrate level by chemoluminescence. RESULTS:ADM level in Group 1 (236±61.4 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that in group 2 (108.4±28.3 pg/mL) and group 4 (84.1±31.5 pg/mL) (both P<0.0001) but was lower than that in Group3 (324±93.7 pg/mL) (P=0.002).NO level in group 1 (27±1.4 μmol/L) was significantly higher than that in group 2 (19.8±2.8 μmol/L) and group 4 (16.9±1.6 μmol/L) but was lower than that in Group 3 (39±3.6 μmol/L) (for all three P<0.0001).A strong correlation was observed between ADM and NO levels (r=0.827,P<0.0001). CONCLUSION:Adrenomedullin and NO levels were high in both non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic portal hypertension and were closely correlated,Adrenomedullin and NO levels increased proportionally with the severity of cirrhosis,and were significantly higher than those in patients with NCPH. Portal hypertension plays an important role in the increase of ADM and NO.Parenchymal damage in cirrhosis may contribute to the increase in these parameters.

Numerical study on forming complex fitting body on end of integrated stainless steel pipe without welds

It is necessary to use the integrated stainless steel pipe having two fitting bodies without welds while train travelling at high speed. In order to form this type of integrated stainless steel pipe, the method of preforming combined finish forming process is developed. The preforming process is characterized by flaring combined upsetting for left fitting body which is like a flange, and is characterized by tube axial compressive process under die constraint for right fitting body which is like a double-wall pipe. The finite element simulations of the processes are carried out by software package DEFORM, and the results indicate that: 1) left or right fitting body can be formed by a two-step forming process without folding and under-filling defects; 2) by using two-step forming, strain and stress in left fitting body are larger than those in right fitting body, and deformation in right fitting body is more homogenous than the deformation in left fitting body; 3) two or more preforming steps may be needed for left fitting body considering the distributions of strain and stress.

On how to Strengthen the Work of Secretarial Work and the Integration of Documents and Archives Management

The development and popularization of information technology, the automation of information management mode has become inevitable, such as secretarial work and document file management. For this reason, clerical, clerical archives management will also face greater challenges, to achieve the above two kinds of work integration, to improve work efficiency is essential.

Systemic phosphatidylcholine pretreatment protects canine esophageal mucosa during acute experimental biliary reflux

AIM： To characterize the consequences of short-term exposure to luminal bile on mucosal mast cell reactions in a canine model, and to determine the effects of systemic phosphatidylcholine pretreatment in this condition. METHODS： Twenty mongrel dogs were used for experiments. Group 1 （n =5） served as a salinetreated control, while in group 2 （n = 5） the esophagus was exposed to bile for 3 h. In group 3 （n =5） the animals were pretreated with 7-nitroindazole to inhibit the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase. In group 4 （n = 5） phosphatidylcholine solution （50 rng/kg） was administered iv before the biliary challenge. Mucosal microcirculation was observed by intravital videomicroscopy. Myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase activities, the degrees of mast cell degranulation and mucosal damage were evaluated via tissue biopsies. RESULTS： Exposure to bile evoked significant mast cell degranulation and leukocyte accumulation. The red blood cell velocity and the diameter of the postcapillary venules increased significantly. The tissue ATP content and constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity decreased, while the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity increased significantly as compared to the control values. 7-nitroindazole treatment significantly exacerbated the mucosal mast cell degranulation and tissue damage. Tn contrast, phosphatidylcholine pretreatment prevented the bile-induced ATP depletion, the inducible nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase activity and the mast cell degranulation increased. CONCLUSION： The neuronal nitric oxide synthasemast cell axis plays an important role in the esophageal mucosal defense system. Systemic phosphatidylcholine pretreatment affords effective protection through ameliorating the bile-induced ATP depletion and secondary inflammatory reaction.

Expansion Strategies and Evolution Paths of Hotel Groups in China

The organizational structure change of enterprises should be subject to the change of strategy,and strategy change is the reaction to the environment change.This paper studied the expansion strategies and evolution paths of hotel groups in China by a survey in 2007,in which the research objects were 91 hotel groups listed by China Tourist Hotels Association.The conclusions are drawn:based on the two dimensions of unification management function scope and the unification management degree,hotel groups can be divided into four strategic types,including strategically concentrated group,close function group,widespread alliance group and loose union group.Simultaneously there are three different expansion paths:stability path,growth path and undulation path.About 72.5% of Chinese hotel groups have a stability or growth expansion path.

Response of blood endothelin-1 and nitric oxide activity in duodenal ulcer patients undergoing Helicobacter pylori eradication

AIM: To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients. METHODS: Sixty-six Hpylori-infected active DU patients were consecutively enrolled to receive one-week triple therapy (rabeprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole) and then one-month rabeprazole therapy. They were asked back to determine ulcer and Hpylori status using endoscopy one month later. Thirty-seven healthy controls (H pylori +/-:17/20) were enrolled for comparison. Blood samples were collected in each visit to measure plasma ET-1 and nitrate/nitrite levels using an enzyme immunoassay kit. RESULTS: Sixty DU patients finished trial per protocol. The ulcer healing and Hpylori-eradication rates were 86.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Plasma ET-1 level in DU patients was higher than that of Hpylori-negative and positive controls (3.59±0.96 vs0.89±0.54 vs0.3±0.2 pg/mL,P<0.01), while nitrate/nitrite levels among them were also significantly different (8.55±0.71 vs5.27±0.68 vs 6.39±0.92 μmol/L, P<0.05). H pylori eradication diminished ET-1 levels (3.64±0.55 vs2.64±0.55 pg/mL, P<0.01) but elevated nitrate/ nitrite level (8.16±0.84 vs11.41±1.42 umol/L,P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both plasma ET-1 and nitrate/nitrite levels increase in active DU patients. After an effective H pylori eradication, DU healing is associated with diminished blood ET-1 level and elevated nitrate/nitrite level.

Towards Understanding Paleosols in Southern Levantine Eolianites:Integration of Micromorphology,Environmental Magnetism and Mineralogy

The paper addresses the controversial question of the role of clay-sized dust in the formation of paleosols in coastal eolianites, Israel. At the Habonim type section, the pedocomplex dated by archaeology and luminescence to 45-135 ka ago shows at least three paleosols, not separated by non-soil sediments. The oldest reddish paleosol （apparently related to MIS 5） is magnetically enhanced, leached from carbonates, with signs of bioturbation and strongly aged clay coatings. The reddening is due to very fine, -20 nm, poorly crystallized, superparamagnetic （SP） hematite, as determined by Mossbauer studies. In subsoil, lithorelics of eolianite are found. Over time, the soil surface aggraded due to accelerated fine dust accumulation alongside local slope wash. On younger materials formed magnetically depleted vertisols, dominated by smectite-type expandable paramagnetic clays. In thin sections, vertisols exhibit strong stipple-speckled and striated b-fabric due to shrink-swell processes, impregnative calcite nodules and Fe-Mn redistribution. The uppermost hydric vertisol shows the strongest expression of juxtaposed features of recurrent calcite and Fe precipitation. This paleosol developed on colluvial soil materials, as evidenced by mixing of clay coated and uncoated grains of quartz and calcite allochems. M6ssbauer spectra show high amounts of Fe（III） incorporated in the clay structure, low amounts of SP goethite and absence of SP hematite. Whilst magnetic susceptibility drops in vertisols to minimal values, increase. The latter along ferrimagnetie grain sizes with differences in the hierarchy of microfabric features is taken as indication for lithologic discontinuities which may have resulted from continuous, albeit variable and low-intensity, input of eolian clay from both remote Saharan and local sources, roughly dated to the earlier to middle part of the Last Glacial.

INFLUENCE OF GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT ON NITRIC OXIDE AND ENDOTHELIN-1 DURING CEREBRAL VASOSPASM IN RATS

Objective.To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extracton cer ebral vasospasmafter subarachnoid hemorrhageand its influence on n itric oxideand endothelin-l .Methods.Noncraniotomy models of SAH in Wistar rats were used and animals were divided into sham-operated group ,SAH group,saline-treated group and EGb-treated group.Diameter of basilar a rtery was measured.Regional cerebral blood flow,NO and ET-1levels in blood,and calcium content in brain tissue within24hours after SAH were dete cted.Pathological examination of hippocampus CA1sub-field was also performed .Results.Sham operation did not alter the above parameters.Induction of SAH l ed to a marked spasm of basilar artery.rCBF decreased obviously and consecutive ly within24hours after SAH.Meanwhile NO level in serum decreased,ET-1level in plasma and calcium content in brain tissue significantly in-creased.Pyra midal cells in hippocampus CA1subfield were severely damaged.EGb significantly antago-nized the pathological alterations of the above parameters.Conclusion .Alterations of NO,and ET-1play an important role in the development of CV S after SAH.EGb exerts its protective effects on CVS by inhibitng the above pat hological alterations.

Multinational company performance management -- general motors, for example

The pattern of economic integration in the world today international political, economic, cultural and social environment. multinational company human resources management is facing a complex This paper use the research method of qualitative analysis, investigation method, and the multinational corporation management environment, the analysis of the factors influencing factors of performance management of multinational companies, general motors, for example, combined with the actual situation of performance management in a multinational company, is advantageous to the multinational companies to develop human resources, improve business performance.

Effect of Nitric Oxide on Esophageal Cancer Cell Line TE-1

Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of nitric oxide(NO) combined with radiation on esophageal cancer cell line TE-1.Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to assess the effects of NO and radiation on TE-1 cells regarding inhibition of cell proliferation.Flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of NO and radiation on cell apoptosis and cycle.Reverse transcription polymerase chine reaction and Western blot were used to evaluete the effect of NO on mRNA and protein expression of manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD).Results NO inhibited the proliferation of TE-1 cells while significantly enhancing their radiosensitivity.The application of NO combined with radiation significantly increased the apoptosis rate and G2/M phase proportion of TE-1 cells,with substantial decreases in the MnSOD mRNA and protein expression levels.Conclusions NO reduces the MnSOD mRNA and protein expression levels by affecting TE-1 cell cycle,further inhibiting the apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells and enhancing the killing effect of radiation on esophageal cancer cells.

The Influences of Cultural Conflict On Business Administration

With the global economic integration, companies from different countries are involved in increasingly close interchange and unavoidably run into the problem of culture difference in management, and properly handling the resulting culture conflict is of positive practical significance. The enterprise culture is the coexistence of culture and management. Different cultural background decides totally different business philosophy and management style.？Chinese culture belongs to the humanistic culture, while western culture is a culture of science. The difference between two kinds of culture mainly lies in four aspects which are decision making, management philosophy, governance structure and the judgment criterion of the management effect. Enterprise management culture in the west has both advantages and disadvantages. China enterprises should foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, and combine the excellent traditional culture and the western advanced scientific management culture organically.

NITRIC OXIDE AND VEGF EXPRESSION IN ISCHEMIC-HYPOXIC RETINOPATHY

Objective To evaluate nitric oxide(NO)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in vitreous humor and blood samples in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)and in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO).Methods NO concentrations were determined by using the Greiss reaction in plasma and vitreous humor samples.VEGF levels were assayed by ELISA.The patients in the studies were divided into four groups:16 patients with PDR,5 patients with BRVO,11 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD),and 10 patients with idiopathic macular hole(IMH).Results The vitreous fluid levels of NO were significantly higher in patients with PDR(15.2μmol/L,4.6-50.9μmol/L)than those in the other three groups(F=5.13,P=0.005).The concentrations of VEGF were significantly higher in patients with PDR and BRVO(1507.2 μg/mL,50.71-3722.0μg/ml;838.8μg/mL,159.6-3328.0μg/mL)than those in the other two groups(F=6.84,P=0.0008),but highest in PDR(T=3.92,P=0.001).There was no significant difference between NO and VEGF in serum in four groups.There was no correlation between concentrations of NO and VEGF in four groups whatever in vitreous or plasma(all P>0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that higher levels of NO and VEGF may be related to the angiogenesis in DR.

The Initial Exploration of The Catastrophic Medical Insurance in Shanghai

Developing the catastrophic medical insurance for urban and rural residents positively is the key action to keep the new round of reform for medical system into deep. However this insurance is the ＇shortage＇ of the national health system, so the Shanghai government carries out The Trial Measures for Catastrophic Medical Insurance of urban and rural residents in 2014. In this thesis, we will describe the current situation of the catastrophic medical insurance in Shanghai from aspects of financing, level of compensation, the way to undertake and regulatory. What＇s more, we expect to explore the weakness of catastrophic medical insurance in actual motion, and offer proposals for progressively realizing the integration of urban and rural in medical insurance, improving the basic health care directory, enhancing cooperation with commercial medical insurance.

On the Development and Trend of Insurance Industry Standardization

The insurance industry has gained remarkable and initial results in the industrial standardization over the past eight years, played a positive role in promoting the industry informatization and standardizing the business management, and made a contribution to the normalized, sustainable, healthy and rapid development of the industry. Meanwhile, the development of insm＇ance industry has put forward new requirements for the insurance standardization. It is essential to strategically match the industrial development and industry standardization, and grasp the developmental direction of insurance standardization, make sure that standardization work serves the reform and development of insurance industry, prevention and diffusion of insurance risks, and insurance informatization, and focus on the promotion, implementation and supervision of standards.