丁醛缩合废水处理技术研究

丁辛醇装置在生产过程中产生的丁醛缩合废水,COD浓度高达40 000 mg/L。提出用酸化萃取法处理此股高浓度有机废水的思路,探讨不同废水pH值、温度、萃取剂及萃取剂用量对萃取效果的影响。实验结果表明:以辛醇、辛醇精馏残液和辛烯醛加氢残液作为萃取剂,在废水pH值为1～3、萃取剂与废水的体积比为1:(1～12)、温度为25～60℃条件下,对丁辛醇废水进行萃取处理,均可得到较好的处理效果,COD去除率可达83%～94%。

负载型Nb_2O_5对异丁烯/异丁醛缩合生成2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯的催化性能

采用Hammett指示剂、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)和微反测试等方法,考察了负载型Nb2O5催化剂表面酸性特征和对异丁烯(IB)/异丁醛(IBA)缩合生成2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯(DMHD)反应(称为Prins缩合)的催化活性。结果表明,催化活性与催化剂表面酸性特征有关。在Nb2O5/γ-Al2O3表面,只有当Nb2O5负载量超过一定量后才形成可检测的B酸位,并对IB/IBA缩合生成DMHD的反应才有明显的催化活性。随着Nb2O5负载量增加,Nb2O5/γ-Al2O3表面B酸位数增加且强度增强,催化剂的活性和产物的选择性增加;当Nb2O5负载量超过分散容量后,因表面形成较强的B酸位而导致DMHD选择性降低。将TiO2引入Nb2O5/γ-Al2O3,使催化剂表面B酸位数增加,从而提高了催化剂的活性;而将ZrO2引入Nb2O5/γ-Al2O3,则导致催化剂表面B酸位数大幅度减少,从而显著降低了催化剂的活性。催化剂表面B酸位是IB/IBA缩合生成DMHD的反应活性中心。

碱性丁醛缩合废水处理工艺优化

针对丁醛缩合产生的有机碱性高盐废水,若仅采用微生物法进行处理,在处理过程中存在微生物菌群繁殖、衰减等问题,使得缩合废水的处理达不到工业标准。采用气浮、电气浮等手段,使水质达到微生物处理要求,再根据水质的特点对微生物菌群进行筛选和驯化,得到的菌群对高盐有机酸废水中COD的降低率达到95%以上,水质pH值从13.09降低至9左右。因此,采用气浮-电浮-微生物组合式工艺处理缩合废水的效果明显。

烯/醛合成2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯酸催化机理研究

采用浸渍负载方法制备出Nb2O5/γ-Al2O3和Nb2O5-TiO2/γ-Al2O3,分别用0.05MH2SO4和1.5M CH3COOK溶液对其进行改性,使用Hammett指示剂法和吡啶吸附红外光谱法对催化剂表面酸性特征进行表征,异丁烯(IB)和异丁醛(IBA)缩合生成2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯(DMHD)在这些催化剂上转化效率和产物的选择性的评价在固定床反应器上进行。结合作者前期对该缩合反应的研究成果,提出了IB与IBA生成DMHD固体酸催化的可能反应机理。

丁辛醇缩合废水处理方法探讨

丁辛醇装置在生产过程中产生的丁醛缩合废水,COD质量浓度高达40 000 mg/L。采用酸化萃取法处理此股高浓度有机废水,探讨了不同废水pH值、温度、萃取剂及萃取剂用量对萃取效果的影响。实验结果表明:以辛醇、辛醇精馏残液和辛烯醛加氢残液作为萃取剂,在废水pH值为1～3、萃取剂与废水的体积比为1∶(1～12)、温度为25～60℃条件下,对丁辛醇废水进行萃取处理,得到较好的处理效果,COD去除率可达83%～94%。

Catalytic upgrading of ethanol to butanol over a binary catalytic system of FeNiO_x and LiOH

Catalytic conversion of ethanol to butanol is vital to bridge the gap between huge amounts of ethanol production,the limited blending ratio of ethanol in gasoline,and the outstanding performance of butanol.In this work,a highly active binary catalytic system of FeNiOx and LiOH was developed for upgrading of ethanol to butanol.After 24 h reaction at 493 K,the selectivity to butanol reached 71% with>90% high carbon alcohols at 28% ethanol conversion,which was comparable to the performance of some noble metal homogeneous catalysts.

Rheological properties of polyvinyl butyral/Pluronic F127/PEG200 blend systems

The influence of temperature and mass fraction of Pluonic F127 on the rheological properties of polyvinyl butyric （PVB）/Pluronic F127/polyethylene glycol （PEG） 200 blend systems was investigated by a rotational rheometer with parallel plates. The results show that the blend systems approach homogeneous state at 140, 150 and 160℃while the rheological properties of the blend systems significantly deviate from the homogeneous systems at 120℃. Shear thinning behavior is observed for all the blend systems at different temperatures and is enhanced by increasing Pluronic F127 content. The complex viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, zero-shear activation energy and flow recovery of the blend systems increase with the increase of Pluronic F127 content. There is a crossing point for the loss modulus and the storage modulus of each sample at high frequency, which is called specified frequency （SF）. The loss modulus is larger than the storage modulus when the frequency is less than the SF, and when frequency is more than SF, the loss modulus is smaller than the storage modulus.

Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application of H3PW12O40/MCM-48 in the Acetalization of Butyraldehyde with Glycol

A novel environmental friendly catalyst, H3PW12O40/MCM-48, was prepared by impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD and FT-IR. The synthesis of butyraldehyde glycol acetal catalyzed by H3PW12O40/MCM-48 was studied with butyraldehyde and glycol as reactants. H3PW12O40/MCM-48 was an excellent catalyst for the synthesizing butyraldehyde glycol acetal and Keggin structure of H3PW12O40 kept unchanged after being impregnated on surface of the molecular sieve support. Effects of n（butyraldehyde）： n（glycol）, catalyst dosage, cyclohexane（water-stripped reagent） and reaction time on yields of the product were investigated. The optimum conditions had been found, that was, molar ratio of butyraldehyde to glycol was 1： 1.6, mass ratio of catalyst used to the reactants was 0.25% and reaction time was 75 min. Under these conditions, the yield of butyraldehyde glycol acetal can reach 79.74%.

Experimental Vibration Analysis of a Cracked Laminated Glass Beam with Bolted Joint

In this study, in order to determine the very early load transfer behavior in the bolted joint connection, experimental dynamic analysis of different laminated glass beams including two surface cracks is considered. For this purpose, both three different plastic interlayers （i.e., three types of polyvinyl butyral--PVB） and three different glass-lamina thicknesses are taken into account. Effects of the plastic interlayer, thickness of the glass-lamina, number of surface cracks and their locations on the vibration characteristics/structural performances are examined experimentally. Vibration tests are performed to present free vibration characteristics of the laminated glass beams under clamped-free boundary conditions. Experimental dynamic analysis consists of six parts： （I） vibration analysis with no-crack and no-hole with a bolted joint; （I1） vibration analysis with a surface crack and no-hole with a bolted joint; （III） vibration analysis with two surface cracks and no-hole with a bolted joint; （IV） vibration analysis with no-crack and a hole with a bolted joint; （V） vibration analysis with a surface crack and a hole with a bolted joint; （VI） vibration analysis with two surface cracks and a hole with a bolted joint. For these experimental steps, an impact hammer with a force transducer is used to excite the uncracked or cracked composite beams through the selected points. After the excitation, the responses are obtained by an accelerometer. The vibration measurements are completed using a microprocessor-based data acquisition system and nCode GlyphWorks software. Results are given in tabular and graphical forms.