高三生物复习中应把握“三量三法”

高三生物复习过程是巩固所学知识和提高分析问题、解决问题能力的过程。在复习中，应把握三个“量”、三个“法”。

三步五法正脊术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯36例临床观察

目的:观察三步五法正脊术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(Cobb角≤20°)的临床疗效。方法:将72例青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各36例。治疗组采用三步五法正脊术治疗,对照组采用牵提旋转推棘法配合牵引、中药熏洗及功能锻炼治疗。治疗前、治疗2周、4周后PACA法测量脊柱侧弯的Cobb角,并评价临床疗效。结果:治疗2周后两组Cobb角比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.532,P=0.596)。治疗4周后治疗组Cobb角小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.079,P=0.041),治疗4周后治疗组的疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.253,P=0.012)。结论:三步五法正脊术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(Cobb角≤20°)有较好疗效,可改善脊柱侧弯畸形,促进患者脊柱功能恢复正常。

漫谈小班常规管理的三件“法宝”

班级，是幼儿园的基层组织，是实施保教任务的基本单位。它也是孩子们离开家庭第一个接触的社会环境和最具体的生活场所，对幼儿的发展具有最直接的影响，幼儿的健康成长都直接取决于班级保教工作的成效。在长期担任幼儿园班级管理的工作中，我深深感悟到，要使幼儿园班级管理卓有成效，必须要有一定的方法和策略。

归纳助纽字与汉字注音的“三拼制”

"反切"一般以两个汉字为一个汉字注音,跟二十世纪初前后出现的"三拼制"注音并不相同。现在试从"归纳助纽字"的特征,探讨"三拼制"的历史,并提出这种分析音素的拼切方法,早在利玛窦《西字奇迹》刊行之前已经出现。

法兴寺揽胜

长子县法兴寺始建于北魏神鼎元年(公元401年)，历史悠久，建筑奇异，环境幽雅，景色迷人，堪称三晋之名刹。寺内珍藏唐石舍利塔、燃灯塔(亦名长明灯)、宋塑十二圆觉像，堪称“法兴三绝”。其造型之优美，结构之奇异，工艺之精细，实属稀世罕见。

Shared Ideas,Divergent Approaches:The Hydromethods of the Great West(Taixi shuifa泰西水法)and the Question on Tides

One of the questions about natural phenomena asked in the Hydromethods of the Great West(Taixi shuifa泰西水法;1612)(hereafter TXSF),composed by the Italian Jesuit Sabatino de Ursis with the support of the Chinese official Xu Guangqi徐光啟,concerns the causes of sea tides.The idiosyncratic answer given in the TXSF serves as an example for the Jesuit missionaries,strategically motivated approach to the transfer of knowledge through the translation of Western scientific thought into Chinese.From a chronological overview of the attempts made both in the East and in the West to theoretically conceptualize the causes of the cyclical occurrence of ebb and flow,the comparison reveals that despite being based on totally different cosmologies,the related insights were virtually on a par.The aim to nevertheless convince the audience of the TXSF of the superiority of Western sciences resulted in a particular rhetoric and a division of tasks in the composition of the tides paragraph.In order to verify the success of this joint effort of de Ursis and Xu Guangqi,a change of perspective from the transmitter to the receiver side is necessary.Thus,the paper also explores the work's reception in later Chinese works dealing with this topic.

Trigonometric Regularization and Continuation Method Based Time-Optimal Control of Hypersonic Vehicles

Aiming at the time-optimal control problem of hypersonic vehicles(HSV)in ascending stage,a trigonometric regularization method(TRM)is introduced based on the indirect method of optimal control.This method avoids analyzing the switching function and distinguishing between singular control and bang-bang control,where the singular control problem is more complicated.While in bang-bang control,the costate variables are unsmooth due to the control jumping,resulting in difficulty in solving the two-point boundary value problem(TPBVP)induced by the indirect method.Aiming at the easy divergence when solving the TPBVP,the continuation method is introduced.This method uses the solution of the simplified problem as the initial value of the iteration.Then through solving a series of TPBVP,it approximates to the solution of the original complex problem.The calculation results show that through the above two methods,the time-optimal control problem of HSV in ascending stage under the complex model can be solved conveniently.

Experimental Study on Full-Surface Buckling of Variable Curvature Cylindrical Shell Using Multi-camera 3D-DIC System

To achieve full-surface strain measurement of variable curvature objects,a 360°3D digital image correlation(DIC)system is proposed.The measurement system consists of four double-camera systems,which capture the object’s entire surface from multiple angles,enabling comprehensive full-surface measurement.To increase the stitching quality,a hierarchical coordinate matching method is proposed.Initially,a 3D rigid body calibration auxiliary block is employed to track motion trajectory,which enables preliminary matching of four 3D-DIC sub-systems.Subsequently,secondary precise matching is performed based on feature points on the test specimen’s surface.Through the hierarchical coordinate matching method,the local 3D coordinate systems of each double-camera system are unified into a global coordinate system,achieving 3D surface reconstruction of the variable curvature cylindrical shell,and error analysis is conducted on the results.Furthermore,axial compression buckling experiment is conducted to measure the displacement and strain fields on the cylindrical shell’s surface.The experimental results are compared with the finite element analysis,validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed multi-camera 3D-DIC measuring system.

Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde over Co_3O_4catalysts prepared using various precipitants

Co3O4 catalysts prepared with different precipitants（NH3·H2O,KOH,NH4HCO3,K2CO3 and KHCO3）were investigated for the oxidation of formaldehyde（HCHO）.Among these,KHCO3-precipitated Co3O4（KHCO3-Co） was the most active low-temperature catalyst,and was able to completely oxidize HCHO at the 100-ppm level to CO2 at 90℃.In situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that hydroxyl groups on the catalyst surface were regenerated by K~＋ and CO3^（2-）,thus promoting the oxidation of HCHO.Moreover,H2-temperature programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that employing KHCO3 as the precipitant increased the Co^3＋/Co^2＋molar ratio on the surface of the Co3O4 catalyst,thus further promoting oxidation.Structural characterization revealed that catalysts precipitated with carbonate or bicarbonate reagents exhibited greater specific surface areas and pore volumes.Overall,these data suggest that the high activity observed during the Co3O4 catalyzed oxidation of HCHO can be primarily attributed to the presence of K~＋ and CO3^（2-） on the Co3O4 surface and the favorable Co^3＋/Co^2＋ ratio.

Three-dimensional forward modeling of DC resistivity using the aggregation-based algebraic multigrid method

To speed up three-dimensional （3D） DC resistivity modeling, we present a new multigrid method, the aggregation-based algebraic multigrid method （AGMG）. We first discretize the differential equation of the secondary potential field with mixed boundary conditions by using a seven-point finite-difference method to obtain a large sparse system of linear equations. Then, we introduce the theory behind the pairwise aggregation algorithms for AGMG and use the conjugate-gradient method with the V-cycle AGMG preconditioner （AGMG-CG） to solve the linear equations. We use typical geoelectrical models to test the proposed AGMG-CG method and compare the results with analytical solutions and the 3DDCXH algorithm for 3D DC modeling （3DDCXH）. In addition, we apply the AGMG-CG method to different grid sizes and geoelectrical models and compare it to different iterative methods, such as ILU-BICGSTAB, ILU-GCR, and SSOR-CG. The AGMG-CG method yields nearly linearly decreasing errors, whereas the number of iterations increases slowly with increasing grid size. The AGMG-CG method is precise and converges fast, and thus can improve the computational efficiency in forward modeling of three-dimensional DC resistivity.

Chromosome Location of the Male-sterility and Yellow Seedling Gene in Line 1066A of Foxtail Millet

Using foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) male-sterile line 1066A as female parent and Yugu 1 primary trisomic series (1 - 7) and tetrasomics 8, 9 as male parents, chromosome location of gene for male-sterility and yellow seedling in line 1066A was studied by primary trisomic analysis. The plants of F-1 generation of trisomics 2 - 9 were obtained by crossing with a great many plants of 1066A. F-1 generation of trisomics was similar to their male parent in morphologic characters, the color of their seedling was green, and pollen was partially fertile. The segregation ratio of fertility to sterility is 3:1 in F-2 generation of trisomics 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9; and 14:1 only in F-2 generation of trisomic 6 (chi(0.05)(2) = 0.012). The segregation ratio of green seedling to yellow seedling is 12:1 only in F-2 generation of trisomic 7 (chi(0.05)(2) = 0.31), but in other cases, this ratio is 3:1. The results indicated that the male-sterility gene was located on chromosome 6, and the gene for yellow seedling was monogenic recessive and located on chromosome 7. The rate of trisomics transmission by pollen was tested, trisomics 8 and 9 were the highest in rates of trisomics transmission and followed by trisomics 6 and 4.

The algorithm of 3D multi-scale volumetric curvature and its application

To fully extract and mine the multi-scale features of reservoirs and geologic structures in time/depth and space dimensions, a new 3D multi-scale volumetric curvature （MSVC） methodology is presented in this paper. We also propose a fast algorithm for computing 3D volumetric curvature. In comparison to conventional volumetric curvature attributes, its main improvements and key algorithms introduce multi-frequency components expansion in time-frequency domain and the corresponding multi-scale adaptive differential operator in the wavenumber domain, into the volumetric curvature calculation. This methodology can simultaneously depict seismic multi-scale features in both time and space. Additionally, we use data fusion of volumetric curvatures at various scales to take full advantage of the geologic features and anomalies extracted by curvature measurements at different scales. The 3D MSVC can highlight geologic anomalies and reduce noise at the same time. Thus, it improves the interpretation efficiency of curvature attributes analysis. The 3D MSVC is applied to both land and marine 3D seismic data. The results demonstrate that it can indicate the spatial distribution of reservoirs, detect faults and fracture zones, and identify their multi-scale properties.

Reproduction and biological characteristic of Chouioia cunea

Chouioia cunea Yang is a natural enemy for many kinds of crop and forest pests, particularly for Hyphantria cunea Drary, which is an international quarantine pest. The experiment of rearing Chouioia cunea with Tussah (Silkworm) pupa were carried out by 搕hree-cut method?and inoculating method. The results showed that three-cut method is effective way for breed-ing Chouioia cunea, with a parasitical rate of 95%. The biological characteristics and the life cycle of Chouioia cunea were ob-served and described and more hosts of Chouioia cunea were found. 揟hree-cut method?as a new technique of rearing Chouioia cunea has been put into practice.

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the flow past a circular cylinder based on LES method

The hydrodynamic characteristics of a rigid, single, circular cylinder in a three dimensional, incompressible, uniform cross flow were calculated using the large-eddy simulation method of CFX5. Solutions to the three dimensional N-S equations were obtained by the finite volume method. The focus of this numerical simulation was to research the characteristics of pressure distribution （drag and litt forces） and vortex tubes at high Reynolds numbers. The results of the calculations showed that the forces at every section in the spanwise direction of the cylinder were symmetrical about the middle section and smaller than the forces calculated in two dimensional cases. Moreover, the flow around the cylinder obviously presents three dimensional characteristics.

论北魏灭佛之特点

北魏太武帝灭佛是中国历史上大规模反佛的第一次,较之以后的三次反佛,它具有以下鲜明的特点:一曰最为严厉残酷,长安地区的各寺僧侣大部被杀;二乃起因最独特,主要是政治原因,包括少数寺院僧侣可能图谋造反;三为当时朝廷与佛门间的经济矛盾最小,全境的僧尼数只占北魏全国人口约1/400;四即灭佛持续最久,长达十四五年;五为结束得最突然意外,灭佛决策者太武帝竟遭太监宗爱谋杀,灭佛也就人亡政息了。研究这些特点,有助于我们对北魏灭佛及后三次"法难"事件的整体把握与诠释。

Determination of energy coupling to material in laser welding by a novel “sandwich” method

A mathematical energy coupling model was developed to analyze the light transmission in the keyhole and energy distribution on the keyhole wall.The main characteristics of the model include：1） a prototype of the keyhole and the inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient in the keyhole plasma are obtained from the experiments;2） instead of using a parallel incident beam,a focused laser beam with real Gaussian intensity distribution is implemented;3） both Fresnel absorption and inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption during multiple reflections are considered.The calculation results show that the distribution of absorbed laser intensity by the keyhole wall is not uniform.The maximum laser energy is absorbed by the bottom of the keyhole,although no rays irradiate directly onto the bottom.According to analysis of beam focusing characteristics,the location of the focal plane plays a more important role in the laser energy absorption by the front wall than by the rear wall.

Mesh Generation for Finite Element Analysis of Electric Machines

This paper describes two modified methods for triangular and quadrilateral meshing for finite element analysis of 2D electric machines. One is coupling the classic Delaunay method and advancing front method to generate optimal triangulation; the other is coupling the classic paving and Delaunay triangulation for optimal quadrilateral meshing. Various electric machine models are meshed successfully to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the methods.

STUDY OF NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT OF FREE-FORM SURFACES

A non contact three dimensional measurement method is presented in this paper.This system consists of a laser triangulation probe,a probe head and a coordinate measuring machine (CMM).The measurement principle of the system is discussed,and a system calibration method employing a reference ball is proposed.The geometric model involving four frames is established to calculate the data points based on the reading of the laser probe and position information from the CMM.A measuring experiment for gesso free form surface using this system is carried out.

《大唐三藏取经诗话》、《新雕大唐三藏法师取经记》刊刻于南宋的文献学证据及相关问题

藏于日本的刻本《大唐三藏取经诗话》、《新雕大唐三藏法师取经记》有宋椠和元椠两说,迄无定论。日本建长二年的《高山寺圣教目录》可以确证两书至迟在1250年之前已经入藏高山寺,它们都是南宋刻本,与元代没有关系。从语言角度推测作品年代的工作需要十分谨慎。日本学者的研究成果值得重视。

3-Dimensional Irradiance Imaging with a Single Camera System

The focusing tomography is presented to reconstruct 3 dimensional irradiance distribution. A 3 dimensional luminous body could be considered as the combination of many 2 dimensional parallel luminous sections. Focus on these discrete sections respectively by a single camera, a group of images would be captured to form governing equations of irradiance. After inversion procedure, the irradiance distribution of different sections could be decoded. In this experimentation two lightbulbs are used to simulate two luminous sections. Reasonable results demonstrate that this technique could be a useful method in irradiance reconstruction after further development.