行政许可法构建的三原理及对我国法制政府建设的意义

共生关系原理、利益原理、交易费用原理是行政许可法构建的三个原理,体现了法律制度与市场经济关系的有机衔接、法律制度与市场经济中利益关系的合理协调、法律制度与实践的有效连接。作为规范政府行为的一部重要法律,行政许可法坚持按照经济、社会和生态环境协调发展的要求,对行政许可的设定、实施主体和程序、监督检查和法律责任作了全面规范,成为我国建设“有限政府”、“亲民政府”、“法制政府”、“廉洁政府”和“高效政府”的一项重要的法律保障。

系统论视野下应用型英语专业人才培养模式的构建

从系统特性出发,根据在应用型本科院校的实践经验,解析英语应用型人才培养中存在的问题,提出作为一个完整的系统,应用型人才培养在实际操作中应当关注整体原理、有序原理以及反馈原理的运用,并以此指导实践,切实提高英语应用型人才培养的效能。

教育数学的思想与大学数学教学

介绍教育数学的概念与教育数学三原理,从阅读《微分方程与三角测量》想到如何将教育数学的思想融入到大学数学教学之中.

汉字编码研究应用40年巡礼

自1978年起,作者从事"汉字输入"技术研究凡40年。本文从介绍1978年在青岛召开的全国汉字编码学术交流会开始,追述了我国汉字进入计算机的艰难历程——从专用设备到使用标准字母键盘的王码五笔字型,终于让汉字进入了信息时代。作者创立的"形码设计三原理及其数学模型",是实现这一原创成就的理论基础。作者认为,拼音是为汉字注音用的,不能代替汉字,汉字编码唯有依据"字形"对"字形"负责,才有可能成为科学实用的输入法。作者呼吁,为了传承汉字文化,为了克服"汉字危机",应当把科学实用久经考验的"形码",纳入到全国的中小学教育中,让认字、写字、打字融为一体。

GIS-Based and Data-Driven Bivariate Landslide-Susceptibility Mapping in the Three Gorges Area, China

A detailed landslide-susceptibility map was produced using a data-driven objective bivariate analysis method with datasets developed for a geographic information system （GIS）. Known as one of the most landslide-prone areas in China, the Zhongxian-Shizhu Segment in the Three Gorges Reservoir region of China was selected as a suitable case because of the frequency and distribution of landslides. The site covered an area of 260.93 km^2 with a landslide area of 5.32 km^2. Four data domains were used in this study, including remote sensing products, thematic maps, geological maps, and topographical maps, all with 25 m × 25 m pixels. Statistical relationships for landslide susceptibility were developed using landslide and landslide causative factor databases. All continuous variables were converted to categorical variables according to the percentile divisions of seed cells, and the corresponding class weight values were calculated and summed to create the susceptibility map. According to the map, 3.6% of the study area was identified as high-susceptibility. Extremely low-, very low-, low-, and medium-susceptibility zones covered 19.66%, 31.69%, 27.95%, and 17.1% of the area, respectively. The high- and medium-hazardons zones are along both sides of the Yangtze River, being in agreement with the actual distribution of landslides.

A Novel Scheduling Strategy for Crude Oil Blending

For those refineries which have to deal with different types of crude oil, blending is an attractive solution to obtain a quality feedstock. In this paper, a novel scheduling strategy is proposed for a practical crude oil blending process. The objective is to keep the property of feedstock, mainly described by the true boiling point (TBP) data, consistent and suitable. Firstly, the mathematical model is established. Then, a heuristically initialized hybrid iterative (HIHI) algorithm based on a two-level optimization structure, in which tabu search (TS) and differential evolution (DE) are used for upper-level and lower-level optimization, respectively, is proposed to get the model solution. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the scheduling strategy is validated via real data from a certain refinery.

Estimation of Three-Dimensional Volumetric Errors of Numerically Controlled Machine Tools by a Tracking Interferometer

This paper presents the estimation of three-dimensional volumetric errors of a machining center by using a tracking interferometer. A tracking interferometer is a laser interferometer with the mechanism to steer the laser direction to follow a target retroreflector. Based on the triangulation principle, the three-dimensional position of the target can be estimated from measured laser displacements. Its capability to measure three-dimensional positioning errors for arbitrary trajectories is important for the indirect measurement of the machine＇s kinematic model. This paper presents experimental investigation of the estimation accuracy of the multilateration-based measurement by a tracking interferometer. A tracking interferometer developed by a part of the authors is used in experiments. In the present experiment, the measured volume of target positions was 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm. The estimation accuracy of targets within this volume was not sufficiently high compared to the positioning error of the measured machine tool. The results of the experiment and simulation show that the estimation uncertainty is dependent on tracking interferometer locations relative to target locations. Error sensitivity analysis shows that wider distribution of tracker positions in XY improves the estimation accuracy.

Monitoring slope deformation using a 3-D laser image scanning system: a case study

An ILRIS-36D 3-D laser image scanning system was used to monitor the Anjialing strip mine slope on Pingshuo in Shanxi province. The basic working principles, performance indexes, features and data collection and processing methods are illus-trated. The point cloud results are analyzed in detail. The rescale range analysis method was used to analyze the deformation char-acteristics of the slope. The results show that the trend of slope displacement is stable and that the degree of landslide danger is low. This work indicates that 3-D laser image scanning can supply multi-parameter, high precision real time data over long distances. These data can be used to study the distortion of the slope quickly and accurately.

The Design of Desk Lamp on 3D Modeling based on Solidworks

This paper introduces the solidworks design flow, design methods and design principles of desk lamp. And we use the ergonomics principle, analysis the function of each part of the lamp, and analyses the design of lamp components, to meet user needs in the bedroom, do practical, human nature and convenient lamp. The application shows that the use of this software can make easier the realization of the design of the parts with complex shape, raise the design efficiency, optimize the product structure and save the cost.

Super-resolution amplification of bitmap images based on 3D modeling theory

As a general format of the image,bitmap(BMP)image has wide applications,and consequently it is an important part of image processing.By segmenting the bitmap and combining the three-dimesional(3D)model of the discrete algorithm with the scanning line compensation algorithm,a mathematical model is built.According to the topological relations between several control points on the model surface,the surface of the model is discretized,and a planar triangle sequence is used to describe 3D objects.Finally,the bitmap is enlarged by combining the borrowing compensation based on 3D modeling principle of discrete algorithm with the scanning line compensation algorithm of binary lattice image,thus getting a relatively clear enlarged BMP image.

Entangled Fields in Multiple Cavities by Interaction with One Three-Level Atom

We present a scheme to entangle fields in multiple cavities. Our scheme is based on the resonant interaction of a ≡-type three-level atom with the cavity fields for precalculated interaction time, which enables us to generate a quantum entangled Greenberger-Horn-Zeilinger （GHZ） state of fields in multiple cavities. In principle, the scheme can be also generalized to generate N-party GHZ state. The required experimental techniques are within the scope of what can be obtained in the microwave cavity QED set up.

Scale Issues of Wetland Classification and Mapping Using Remote Sensing Images: A Case of Honghe National Nature Reserve in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Wetland research has become a hot spot linking multiple disciplines presently. Wetland classification and mapping is the basis for wetland research. It is difficult to generate wetland data sets using traditional methods because of the low accessibility of wetlands, hence remote sensing data have become one of the primary data sources in wetland research. This paper presents a case study conducted at the core area of Honghe National Nature Reserve in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. In this study, three images generated by airship, from Thematic Mapper and from SPOT 5 were selected to produce wetland maps at three different wetland landscape levels. After assessing classification accuracies of the three maps, we compared the different wetland mapping results of 11 plant communities to the airship image, 6 plant ecotypes to the TM image and 9 landscape classifications to the SPOT 5 image. We discussed the different characteristics of the hierarchical ecosystem classifications based on the spatial scales of the different images. The results indicate that spatial scales of remote sensing data have an important link to the hierarchies of wetland plant ecosystems displayed on the wetland landscape maps. The richness of wetland landscape information derived from an image closely relates to its spatial resolution. This study can enrich the ecological classification methods and mapping techniques dealing with the spatial scales of different remote sensing images. With a better understanding of classification accuracies in mapping wetlands by using different scales of remote sensing data, we can make an appropriate approach for dealing with the scale issue of remote sensing images.

Laser triangulation measurement of the level in a coal silo

Laser triangulation theory was used to develop a novel contact-free method for measuring the coal level in a silo under harsh environmental conditions found in coal mines, such as the presence of dense dust, high humidity, and low illumination. A laser source and a camera were mounted at the top of the silo. The laser spot projected into the silo was imaged by the camera. The pinhole imaging principle allows the level to be found from the lateral shift of the spot image on the sensor. A pre-calibrated look-up table of the coal depth versus spot position was used to obtain the depth. The measurement accuracy depends on the step size used during pre-calibration. The actual application of a device designed according to these principles shows that it is easy to implement. The detection of the coal level in a silo at the low illumination level found in coal mines is demonstrated.

Calculation of interaction of AlCl, AlCl_2 and AlCl_3 on Al_4C_3(001) Al_4CO_4(001) and Al_2CO(001) planes

To make sure the intermediate products of the carbothermic reduction of Al2O3 process, such as Al4CO4, Al2CO and Al4C3,and the interaction of AlCl, AlCl2, AlCl3 with Al4CO4, Al2CO and Al4C3, respectively, thermodynamic analyses were used to study the chloride reaction production of them under the vacuum situation. The stable structures and electronic properties of AlCl, AlCl2 and AlCl3 adsorbed on Al4CO4, Al2CO and Al4C3 were calculated by first-principles calculations by the CASTEP module in the Materials Studio program. The results show that the AlCl3 and AlCl2 molecules have decomposed on the plane of Al4C3（001）, while there are no obvious decomposition of AlCl3 and AlCl2 on Al4CO4（001） and Al2CO（001） planes. The adsorption of AlCl on the Al4CO4（001）and Al2CO（001） planes is stronger than that on the Al4C3（001） plane. The interaction strength of AlCl3, as well as AlCl2, with Al4CO4,Al2CO and Al4C3 is in the sequence of Al4CO4Al2CO〉Al4C3.

Moral Generalism or Particularism？

Moral generalism and particularism are two positions in meta-ethics which have different views regarding the relation between moral thought and principles. By accepting this relationship, generalists emphasize the necessity of principles in decision making process, and claim that the rationality of moral thought depends on the provision of a suitable supply ofmoral principles. In contrast, particularists have rejected, or at least doubted, the existence of moral principles, and believe that the rationality of moral thought depends on recognizing special features of a case and relevant conditions. This is why, unlike generalists, they use case study method rather than syllogism in decision making process and moral judgment. Consequently, to support their view, particularists commonly resort to holism in the theory of reasons, while atomism is in support of generalism. To evaluate these two attitudes, this study surveys some arguments that particularists and generalists proposed to justify their view and criticize the rival＇s one, and also explains their positions concerning the epistemological and metaphysical role of moral principles and reasons. Finally, after evaluating their claims, the importance of both approaches in meta-ethics is stressed.

基础会计学内在的主体逻辑

本文指出了基础会计理论的概念与特点,分析了利益、价值、公允价值,利溢、权力、权利、权益、产权,资产力、资本合力之间的逻辑关系,创造性地提出了会计对象、四群会计恒等式、资本合力创造利益等全新理念,论证了会计学是利益会计学、权益会计法学的学科性质,指出了基础会计学内在的三原理:会计预期性原理、会计对象性原理、会计方法性原理。

Principle and theoretical analysis of continuous roll forming for three-dimensional surface parts

Continuous roll forming(CRF) is a novel forming process for three-dimensional surface parts,in which a pair of bendable forming rolls is used as sheet metal forming tool.By controlling the gap between the upper and lower forming rolls,sheet metal is non-uniformly extended in the longitudinal direction while it is bent in the transverse direction during the rolling process.As a result,longitudinal bending is gained and a doubly curved surface is formed.With the rotations of the forming rolls,the sheet metal is deformed consecutively,and a three-dimensional surface part is shaped continuously.In this paper,the mechanism of the three-dimensional surface formation in CRF is set forth.Through theoretical analysis of the CRF process,the governing equations for the bending deformation in rolling process are presented.Based on the simplification on the deformation and material model,the formulation to calculate the longitudinal bending deformation is derived,and the methods to design the compression ratio and the roll gap are given,the effects of compression ratio of rolling and the width of blank sheet on the longitudinal bending curvature are analyzed.The forming experiments on typical surface parts and measured results show that forming results with good precision can be obtained by CRF process.

Atomic-scale observation of the deformation and failure of diamonds by in-situ double-tilt mechanical testing transmission electron microscope holder

In-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)has been demonstrated to be a powerful method in resolving challenging problems such as interactions among various defects.To take advantage of the atomic resolution of advanced TEMs,a compact five-degree-of-freedom nanomanipulator was integrated with an indenter that was made of nanotwinned diamonds,for both the in-situ mechanical testing and double tilting of TEM samples.As a demonstration,in-situ bending tests were performed on the?111?,?110?and?100?single-crystal diamond needles.The tests revealed the{111}cleavage to be the dominant failure mode.The in-situ indentation on a diamond nanoplate led to curved cracks consisting of nanometer-scale steps,which were identified to be atomic flat{111}facets.The atomic-scale observation of the deformation and failure of diamonds demonstrated the stability of the entire system and the durability of the indenter.We expect that more delicate research can be carried out by means of this holder in the near future,including in-situ stimulation,atomic characterization,and tomography.

A novel stiffness prediction method with constructed microscopic displacement field for periodic beam-like structures

This paper presents a novel stiffness prediction method for periodic beam-like structures based on the two-scale equivalence at different strain states.The macroscopic fields are achieved within the framework of Timoshenko beam theory,while the microscopic fields are obtained by the newly constructed displacement form within the framework of three-dimensional(3D)elasticity theory.The new displacement form draws lessons from that in the asymptotic homogenization method(AHM),but the present field governing equations or boundary conditions for the first two order influence functions are constructed and very different from the way they were defined in the AHM.The constructed displacement form,composed of one homogenized and two warping terms,can accurately describe the deformation mode of beam-like structures.Then,with the new displacement form,the effective stiffness is achieved by the equivalence principle of macro-and microscopic fields.The finite element formulations of the proposed method are presented,which are easy to implement.Numerical examples validate that the present method can well predict both diagonal and coupling stiffness of periodic composite beams.

First-principles study of hydrogen diffusion mechanism in Cr_2O_3

The system energy of H atom occupying different positions in Cr2O3 crystal lattice is calculated by adopting the first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory in this paper. The results indicate that the most stable position of H atom in Cr2O3 crystal lattice locates at the bilateral positions of the center of the unoccupied O octahedral interstice. The reason resulting in this situation is analyzed by comparing the change of Cr2O3 lattice distortion and density of states in Cr2O3_H system when H atom locates at different positions in octahedral interstice. The diffusion activation energy of H atom is 0.73 eV,which is determined by seeking the diffusion path and transition state of H atom in Cr2O3 crystal lattice. The effective attempt frequency of H atom in Cr2O3 crystal lattice is also calculated by using molecular dynamics. Combining with diffusion activation energy data,the diffusion coefficient of H atom in Cr2O3 crystal is determined.